• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.581-593
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• 2015

This study constructs the drought outlook system using ESP(Ensemble Streamflow Prediction) method and evaluates its utilization for drought prediction. Historical Runoff(HR) was estimated by employing LSM(Land Surface Model) and the observed meteorological, hydrological and topographical data in South Korea. Also Predicted Runoff(PR) was produced for different lead times(i.e. 1-, 2-, 3-month) using 30-year past meteorological data and the initial soil moisture condition. The HR accuracy was higher during MAM, DJF than JJA, SON, and the prediction accuracy was highly decreased after 1 month outlook. SRI(Standardized Runoff Index) verified for the feasibility of domestic drought analysis was used for drought outlook, and PR_SRI was evaluated. The accuracy of PR_SRI with lead times of 1- and 2-month was highly increased as it considered the accumulated 1- and 2-month HR, respectively. The Correlation Coefficient(CC) was 0.71, 0.48, 0.00, and Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) was 0.46, 0.76, 1.01 for 1-, 2- and 3-month lead times, respectively, and the accuracy was higher in arid season. It is concluded that ESP method is applicable to domestic drought prediction up to 1- and 2-month lead times.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.22-33
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• 2014

This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of teaching an engineering course using English with Specific Purpose(ESP). A study was performed using student groups; one class using ESP, and one class conducted in English with an English text. The course conducted using ESP showed the greatest improvement in English writing and conversation, and the students reported a greatly increased confidence in their ability to function professionally using English. A self-assessment of each student was conducted before and after the courses. Prior to the course less than 10% in each group felt that they are able to: a) understand a textbook, b) write an email, c) generate a project report, or d) follow a lecture given in English. The survey at the end of the course showed that the ESP teaching style resulted in significant improvements in students ability and confidence with writing and speaking in English, whereas reading skills were similar for both groups. This is due to the ESP method, in which students are required to give presentations and keep journals in English. After a brief review of the ESP principles and a discussion of how they were implemented, the background data of the participants(students) are described. Finally, the end-of-semester survey highlights the efficacy of the ESP approach.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

The ESP (Electronic Stability Program) is an active control system that controls the posture of the vehicle by sensing the unstable state of the vehicle during braking, driving, or turning. The system works if the vehicle becomes unstable and it is very dangerous to develop it in the actual vehicle. For this reason, many studies have been carried out on the method of developing with simulation such as SIL / EIL. Some advanced companies have already applied it to the product development process. In this study, ESP hydraulic system and braking device model were constructed using SimulationX to build ESP SIL / EIL model. The hydraulic system model was constructed using the actual design parameters and the performance of the hydraulic model was verified by comparing with the actual vehicle test.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1819-1831
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• 2018

This paper focuses on a header compression method for the Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulation Security Payload (ESP) for application to 6LoWPAN. Based on the context, an extendible compression method is developed by analysing each field of the AH and ESP. The method is carried out by resetting the AH and ESP header compression formats, adding a MOD field, and setting different working modes. Authentication, encryption, and a mixture of certification and encryption are provided as flexible options. In addition, the value of the original IPv6 extensible header ID (EID) field can be retained, while the number of occupied NHC_ID values can be decreased for future extendibility. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the current compression method. By comparison with other solutions, the new mechanism is demonstrated to be advantageous in terms of compression ratio, flexibility and extendibility.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.315-328
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• 2023

The main goal of the present study was to assess the effects of eggshell powder (ESP) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical properties of abaca fiber (AF)-reinforced natural composites. For this purpose, a limited number of indentation tests were first performed on the AF/polypropylene (PP) composites for different HNT and ESP loadings (0 wt.% ~ 6 wt.%), load amplitudes (150, 200, and 250 N), and two types of indenters (Vickers or conical). The Young's modulus, hardness and plasticity index of each specimen were calculated using the indentation test results and Oliver-Pharr method. The accuracy of the experimental results was confirmed by comparing the values of the Young's modulus obtained from the indentation test with the results of the conventional tensile test. Then, a feed-forward shallow artificial neural network (ANN) with high efficiency was trained based on the obtained experimental data. The trained ANN could properly predict the variations of the mentioned mechanical properties of AF/PP composites incorporated with different HNT and ESP loadings. Furthermore, the trained ANN demonstrated that HNTs increase the elastic modulus and hardness of the composite, while the incorporation of ESP reduces these properties. For instance, the Young's modulus of composites incorporated with 3 wt.% of ESP decreased by 30.7% compared with the pure composite, while increasing the weight fraction of ESP up to 6% decreased the Young's modulus by 34.8%. Moreover, the trained ANN indicated that HNTs have a more significant effect on reducing the plasticity index than ESP.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.774-779
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• 2004

This paper describes the fault detection and failsafe logic to be used in the Electronic Stability Program (ESP). The Aim of this paper is prevention of erroneous control in the ESP. This paper introduces the fault detection logic and evaluation of residual signals. Failsafe logic consist of four redundant sub-models and they can be used for the detection of faults in each sensor (yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering wheel angle). We presents two mathematical residual generation method ; one is the method by the average value, and the other is the method by the minimum value of the each residual. We verify a failsafe logic using vehicle test results, also we compare vehicle model based simulation results with test vehicle results.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-254
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the collection efficiency characteristics of a cylindrical ESP. To do that, it is necessary to analyze the electric field, gas flow field, and mechanism of particle movement by numerical simulation based on EHD model. For a gas flow field, Navier-Stokes equation involving the electric source term was solved by SIMPLE algorithm. In case of the electric field, the current continuity and electric field equations were solved by S.O.R. method. The analysis of particle movement was performed on the basis of PSI-CELL model from the Lagrangian viewpoint. The results showed that the influence on the gas flow field by the electric field is almost negligible in a cylindrical ESP. The particle drift velocity $V_P$ toward the collection surface is increased continuously by the electrostatic force due to the rise of particle charge as the particle is moving to the flow direction and the particle size becomes larger. The collection efficiency is to quitely higher with the increase of applied voltage for the same particle size, while becomes smaller as the inlet velocity is increased.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.684-690
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• 2003

This study has investigated the bioavailability of calcium in eggshell powder (ESP) for the purpose of reutilizing eggshells as the calcium source. The experiment was designed 2 ${\times}$ 2 factorial method with two sources, CaCO$_3$ and ESP, and two levels, 0.2% and 0.4% calcium. Weanling SD rats were assigned randomly to one of 4 groups and provided by one of the isocaloric, 20% casein based 4 different experimental diets for 4weeks. Deionized water was given and environment was kept from any contamination of minerals. The body weight, diet intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER), bone growth, Ca contents of bones, and apparent absorption were measured. FER (0.38 - 0.40) and kidney weight were not different among groups and the weight and length, Ca content, strength of two bones Tibia and Femur were not affected by Ca sources except Femur Ca content. Ca content of Femur was greater in ESP groups than that of CaCO$_3$ groups. The body weight gain, bone growth, the Ca contents and strength of bones were significantly greater in 0.4% calcium groups suggesting 0.2% calcium is not sufficient for the optimum growth in the growing rats. These results indicate that ESP be a proper Ca source comparable or superior to CaCO$_3$. However the apparent absorption rate of final 3 days of feeding did not support the observed results showing lower rate in ESP than CaCO$_3$ groups. Further study be needed in the absorption aspect.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1685-1691
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• 2004

This paper describes the fault detection and failsafe logic to be used in an Electronic Stability Program(ESP). The aim of this paper is to prevent of erroneous controls in the ESP. Developed this paper introduces the fault detection logic and evaluation of residual signals. The failsafe logic consists of four redundant sub-models, which can be used for detecting the faults in various sensors (yaw rate, lateral acceleration, steering wheel angle). We present two mathematical residual generation methods : one is a method using the average value and the other is a method using the minimum value of the each residual. We verified a failsafe logic developed using vehicle test results also we compare vehicle model based simulation results with test vehicle results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.411-411
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• 2015

유량예측의 가장 주된 목적은 가뭄과 홍수와 같은 수해방지를 위해 통합수자원관리를 수행하는데 있다. 이런 유량예측을 위해 다양한 기법들로 예측이 수행되고 있으며, 예측기간과 필요 정확도에 따라 초단기, 단기, 중 장기 예측 등으로 구분할 수 있다. 유량예측에 사용되는 기법들은 기후변화 시나리오와 같이 예측된 강우자료를 이용하여 유출량을 예측하는 방법이 있으며, 통계적인 방법으로 과거자료들을 활용하여 미래의 유량을 예측하는 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 ESP 기법을 이용하여 금호강 유역의 월 단위(30일) 유량을 예측하고자 한다. 앙상블 유량예측기법(ESP; Ensemble Streamflow Prediction)이란 현재의 유역상태를 초기조건으로 사용하고 과거의 온도나 강수 등의 시계열 앙상블을 강우-유출모형에 입력하여 유출량을 앙상블로 예측하는 기법이다. ESP는 결국 현재의 유역상태와 유역에서의 과거 강우 관측기록, 미래 강우예측에 대한 정보를 조합하여 그에 따른 유출 앙상블을 생산해내게 된다. 월 유량을 예측하기 위해서 금호강 유역의 1988년에서 2014년까지 27년간 대구, 영천, 포항 관측소의 기상자료를 수집하였으며, 금호강 표준유역에 해당하는 19개 유역으로 분할하여 모의에 이용하였다. 금호강 유역에 티센망을 적용하여 각 표준유역별로 강우량을 조합하여 2013년까지 모의에 적용하였으며, 이는 과거자료로 사용하였다. 유량예측에 사용되는 강우자료를 생성하기 위해서 26년간 일강우를 이용하였다. 예를 들어 2014년 12월을 예측한다면 11월까지 관측된 유역초기 조건을 가지는 수문모형의 12월 기상입력자료로써 현재 유역에서 발생 가능성이 있는 동일 유역의 과거 1988년부터 2013년까지의 12월 기상자료들을 사용하는 방법이다. 1988년부터 2013년까지 26개 12월 기상자료를 사용하므로 유량예측결과 또한 26개가 주워진다. 계산된 26개의 유량앙상블이 적용된 유역에서 12월에 발생 가능한 유출량의 모음이 된다. 시나리오결과를 수자원관리에 활용하기 위해서 초과확률로 분석하였으며, 이런 분석의 결과는 향후 가뭄과 홍수 같은 수해방지를 위해 수공구조물의 운영에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.