• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6761-6767
• /
• 2013

The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$), is expressed in various cancer cells including breast, prostate, colorectal and cervical examples. An endogenous ligand of $PPAR{\gamma}$, 15-deoxy-${\Delta}^{12,14}$ prostaglandin $J_2$ (PGJ2), is emerging as a potent anticancer agent but the exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated, especially in breast cancer. The present study compared the anticancer effects of PGJ2 on estrogen receptor alpha ($ER{\alpha}$)-positive (MCF-7) and $ER{\alpha}$-negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells. Based on the reported signalling cross-talk between $ER{\alpha}$ and $ER{\alpha}$, the effect of the $ER{\alpha}$ ligand, $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) on the anticancer activities of PGJ2 in both types of cells was also explored. Here we report that PGJ2 inhibited proliferation of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by inducing apoptotic cell death with active involvement of mitochondria. The presence of E2 potentiated PGJ2-induced apoptosis in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. The $ER{\alpha}$ antagonist, GW9662, failed to block PGJ2-induced activities but potentiated its effects in MCF-7 cells, instead. Interestingly, GW9662 also proved capable of inducing apoptotic cell death. It can be concluded that E2 enhances $ER{\alpha}$-independent anticancer effects of PGJ2 in the presence of its receptor.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.214-219
• /
• 2008

Changes in stress-associated biomolecules can be used as an important criterion for assessing the levels of environmental pollution because living organisms demonstrate contamination-stimulated stress responses. This study was conducted to determine the environmental status of Masan-Jinhae Bay, Korea, and its effects on marine organisms by investigating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction in the organs of the flat fish, Limanda yokohamae. ER dysfunction was evaluated via Western blot analysis of the ER stress proteins, immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and the ER stress-associated protein caspase-12. The results showed that the amount of BiP and CHOP immunoreactivity in the flat fish from the bay area was much greater than that from the Gangneung, as a reference site. Similar to the ER stress proteins, the immunoreactivity of caspase-12 was also found to be elevated in the bay area when compared with that of Gangneung. These data suggest that the environmental status of Masan-Jinhae Bay induces the ER stress response, which is able to lead to phenotypic changes in marine organisms including fish.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Most patients with acute low back pain visit emergency room (ER). They mostly need beds, and if their length of stay is longer, it can become difficult to accommodate new patients at the ER. We analyzed the treatment process of patients with back pain and tried to find method for shortening of the length of stay at the ER. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with back pain who visited at our ER for one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to their length of stay at ER and were compared the charateristcs of between two groups. Results: A total of 274 patients were included in the study. Eigthy-nine patients (32.5%) were in the group with less than 3 hours and 185 patients (67.5%) were in the other group. In the comparison of the two groups according to the medical departments, the number of patients who were in group with more than 3 hours were 25 (14.0%) in the emergency department, 94 (50.5%) in neurosurgery, 66 (35.5%) in orthopedic surgery. Length of stay was significantly increased in orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery (p=0.014). In addition, the length of stay was longer when computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed (p=0.000). Regardless of the type of analgesic agent, the median time to the analgesic treatment was shorter in the group with less than 3 hours (p=0.034). Conclusions: In patients with back pain who visit the ER, the emergency medicine doctor will early control the pain and do not unnecessary image examination to reduce a length of stay at the ER.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2015

The Homeobox B13 (HOXB13):Interleukin 17 Receptor B (IL17BR) index of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (ER (+) BC) patients may be a potential biomarker of recurrence/ metastasis. However, effects of microRNA (miRNA) binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of HOXB13 and IL17BR and its function on recurrence/metastasis in ER (+) BC remains elusive. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of miRNAs that bind to 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR in ER (+) BC patients and asess the effects of these miRNAs on recurrence/metastasis. The expression profiles of HOXB13 and IL17BR were evaluated using RT-PCR in tumors and normal tissue samples from 40 ER (+) BC patients. The expression level of 4 miRNAs, which were predicted to bind the 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR using TargetScan, microRNA.org and miRDB online databases, were further evaluated with RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrated that high miR-1266 levels might be significant prognostic factor for recurrence/metastasis occurrence (3.05 fold p=0.004) and tamoxifen response (3.90 fold; p=0.2514) in ER (+) BC cases. Although we suggest that modulation of miR-1266 expression may be an important mechanism underlying the chemoresistance of ER (+) BC, advanced studies and validation are required.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.789-790
• /
• 2013

기존 MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) 소자의 게이트 산화막으로 사용된 $Er_2O_3/SiO_2$ 더블레이어 층은 낮은 누설전류와 높은 캐패시턴스를 갖는 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 더블레이어 층을 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 전하포획층으로 처음 적용하여 우수한 성능의 메모리 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 소자를 제작하기 전에 EDISON Nanophysics 시뮬레이션을 통해 낮은 누설 전류값과 높은 캐패시턴스 값을 기준으로 하여 산화막 두께를 최적화하였다. 이 후, 최적화된 조건으로 금속실리사이드 소스/드레인, 10 um/ 10um의 채널 넓이/길이를 갖는 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하였다. 그 결과, 11 V, 50 ms의 프로그램 특성, -11 V, 500 ms의 소거 특성 및 10년의 기억유지 특성, $10^4$의 내구성 특성을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
• /
• pp.1003-1007
• /
• 1999

This paper is reported for the stability of ZnO-$Pr_{6}O_{11}-CoO-Er_{2}O_{3}$ based ceramic varistors with $Er_{2}O_{3}$ added in the addition range 0.0 to 2.0 mol%. The varistors sintered at $130^{\circ}C$ exhibited abrupt positive current creep phenomena, which accompany thermal run away within short times, even under weak d.c. stress. As a result, these varistors were completely degraded. On the contrary, the stability of varistors sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ was far better than that of $1300^{\circ}C$. In particular, the varistor containing 0.5 mol% $Er_{2}O_{3}$ showed a excellent stability, which the variation rate of the varistor voltage, the nonlinear coefficient, and leakage current is below 1%, 2%, and 3.5%, respectively, even under more severe d.c. stress, such as ($0.8V_{1mA}/90^{\circ}C/12h$) + ($0.85V_{1mA}/115^{\circ}C/12h$) + ($0.9V_{1mA}/120^{\circ}C/12h$) + ($0.9V_{1mA}/150^{\circ}C/12h$). Consequently, it is estimated that the basic composition of ZnO-$Pr_{6}O_{11}-CoO-Er_{2}O_{3}$ based varistor contain 0.5 mol% $Er_{2}O_{3}$ will be used to the fabrication of the varistors for high performance and stability in a forthcoming.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.257-266
• /
• 2012

최근 학교나 기업에서 통계분석 소프트웨어인 R의 이용자가 늘어나고 있는 추세이지만 SPSS나 SAS 등 상용소프트웨어에 비하여 학습이 어려운 측면이 있고 교육환경을 만들기 위해서도 번거로운 면이 있다. 이러한 이유로 R 초보사용자를 위한 교육, 혹은 실험실에서의 사용을 위해 통합관리가 용이한 웹기반의 R 환경구축이 필요하다. 웹기반 R 환경구축과관련된 선행연구들은 웹프로그래밍 언어, DBMS에 대한 지식을 필요로 하거나 제한된 통계분석 기능만을 이용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 웹프로그래밍 언어 이외의 별도의 지식이 없이도 가능한 웹기반 R 환경인 WebER를 개발하였다. WebER는 Linux apache 서버에서 PHP를 이용하여 R과 연동함으로써 웹에서 통계 분석이 가능하도록 하였을 뿐만 아니라, 기본적인 Rgui의 기능인 R 프로그램편집, 텍스트 및 그래픽 출력, 오류 출력 등을 구현함으로써 초보 R 사용자를 위한 교육환경에 적합하도록 하였다. 또한 다중사용자가 동시에 이용이 가능하도록 설계되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2012

In this study, we examined the estrogenic activity of bavachin, a component of Psoralea corylifolia that has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia. Bavachin was purified from ethanolic extract of Psoralea corylifolia and characterized its estrogenic activity by ligand binding, reporter gene activation, and endogenous estrogen receptor (ER) target gene regulation. Bavachin showed ER ligand binding activity in competitive displacement of [$^3H$] $E_2$ from recombinant ER. The estrogenic activity of bavachin was characterized in a transient transfection system using $ER{\alpha}$ or $ER{\beta}$ and estrogen-responsive luciferase plasmids in CV-1 cells with an $EC_{50}$ of 320 nM and 680 nM, respectively. Bavachin increased the mRNA levels of estrogen-responsive genes such as pS2 and PR, and decreased the protein level of $ER{\alpha}$ by proteasomal pathway. However, bavachin failed to activate the androgen receptor in CV-1 cells transiently transfected with the corresponding receptor and hormone responsive reporter plasmid. These data indicate that bavachin acts as a weak phytoestrogen by binding and activating the ER.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.365-373
• /
• 2003

Tamoxifen is an selective estrogen receptor antagonist widely used in the management of patients with breast cancer for more than 30 years. It was thought to act primarily through occupying the estrogen receptor sites in ER positive breast cancer cells and directly on cancer cell proper. These inhibitory effects, which have been shown to be independent of the ER, highlight new mechanism of therapeutic action of tamoxifen. The purposes of this study were to identify ER in oral carcinoma cell lines and to evaluate ER independent cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen. KB(SCC), HSC-3(SCC) and A253(ACC) cell line were used and capacity of cell proliferation, apoptosis, in vitro invasion and gelatin zymography were tested. ER expression of each cell line were detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and inhibition of gelatinolytic activity were observed in all oral carcinoma cell lines and significant difference of apoptotic index were observed in A253 and KB. Tamoxifen inhibited in vitro invasion in all experimental groups. ER expression was detected in KB and A253. These data suggest that tamoxifen may play a role in management of oral carcinoma by independent cytotoxic effect and more advanced research must processed confirming ER-dependent cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.5-9
• /
• 1997

Energy transfer direction in $Er^{3+}-Tm^{3+}$-codoped fluorozirconate glasses has been studied. For $Er^{3+}-Tm^{3+}$-codoped glasses, the dependence of the green emission intensity on the pump power (Pex) of 800 nm has ranged from (Pex)$^2$ to (Pex)$^3$. From this multistep absorption, a 1.48 $\mu m$ emission from the $^3F_4{\rightarrow}^3H_4$ transition on Tm$^{3+}$ ion has been found to transfer into $^4I_{13/2}$, $^4I_{9/2}$ and $^4S_{3/2}$ on $Er^{3+}$ ion. In case of the 1.06 $\mu m$ pumping, the emissin ratio of $^3H_4$ level in $Tm^{3+}$ to $^4I_{13/2}$ in $Er^{3+}$ showed that the amount of the energy transfer from $Tm^{3+}$ into $Er^{3+}$ increased with the increasing concentration of $Tm^{3+}$ ion. Our two kinds of pumping scheme suggest that the direction of dominant energy transfer between $Er^{3+}$ and $Tm^{3+}$ should be dependent on whether the $^3F_4$ level resonates in $Tm^{3+}$ the level or not.