• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-108
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• 1991

Organophosphorus pesticide residues such as Diazinon, Fenitrothion and EPN in apple and effect of storage peeling and washing on removal of the residues from apple soaked in 3 kinds of pesticides solutions for 20 seconds were studed with gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detecter(GC-NPD). Result obtained are as follows : 1) Average concentrations of DiaEinon, Fenitrothion, and EPN detected in apple of control group were 0.022, 0.007 and 0.008 ppm respectively. 2) Decreasing rates of Diazinon on 7 th, 14 th, 21 st, 28 th, and 35 th day after soaking apple on the pesticide solution were 41.3% , 68.6% , 87.0%, 96.9% and 99.5% respectively. In case of Fenitrothion were 46.9%, 66.3%, 84.9%, 93.2% and 97.3% and EPN were 45.7 %, 76.2%, 85.4%, 95.7% and 99.4% respectively. 3) The removal rate of Diazinon, Fenitrothion and EPN by washing with water alone were 93.7%, 70.6% and 51.5% respectively, and 97.1% , 78.4% ailed 76.5% by washing with 0.2% detergent solution respectively. The results obtained in this study have show that 3 kinds of pesticides detected in app- les were below the Korean standard for residual pesticides and pesticides contaminated in apples were decreased in considerable degree by washing with water and 2% detergent solution and removed almost completely after storage for 35 days (5 weeks). Therefore, it would be concluded that washing and peeling will be the most effective way for safely because more than 90% of pesticide exist in peel.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 1977

Sumithion and EPN residues on grapes, EPN and Diazinon on chinese cabbage, Parathion on peaches, Dimethoate on tomatoes, and EPN and Malathion on cucumber were analyzed in terms of 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after last application for the pesticides safty use. From the disappearance rate for various organo-phosphate insecticides on vegetables and fruit crops, following results are obtained. 1. On Chinese cabbage, Diazinon residues were 0.25~0.38p.p.m three weeks after one application, and EPN were 1.39~2.69p.p.m seven days after one application and 0.96~2.34p.p.m two weeks after twice application. 2. EPN residues on grapes were 1.09~1.80p.p.m seven days after one application and Sumithion were 0.17~0.53p.p.m fourteen days after one application. 3. On peaches, Parathion residues were 0.40~0.61p.p.m two weeks after last application. 4. Dimethoate residues on tomatoes were 0.141p.p.m seven days after four times application. 5. On cucumber, EPN residues were 2.11~2.14p.p.m three days after twice application, and Malathion were 0.46p.p.m 3 day after four times application but 0.062~0.025p.p.m three days after last application. 6. Rate of degradation of organo-phosphate chemicals is inversely related to half-life of its. 7. Minimum intervals between last treatment and harvest to prevent unsafty residues are as follows. 7 days for EPN with one application and 14 days with twice application on chinese cabbage, 3 days on cucumber and 7 days on grape, 14 days for parathion, 7 days for dimethoate on tomatoes, 0 to 3 days for Malathion on cucumber, 21 days for Sumithion on grape, 21 days on chinese cabbage for Diazinon.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.221-223
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• 1999

The adsorption and leaching of organophosphorus pesticide, EPN are investigated in Namwon soil(black volcanic soil), Aewol soil(very dark brown volcanic soil) and Mureung soil(dark brown nonvolcanic soil) sampled in Cheju Island. The organic matter of Namwon soil, Aewol soil and Mureung soil is 19.8%, 6.2%, 2.4%, respectively. The cation exchange capacity of Namwon soil, Aewol soil and Mureung soil is 24.8 meq/100g, 13.0 meq/100g, 9.5 meq/100g, respectively. The Freundlich constant, K value, is 89.4, 26.9 and 9.25 for Namwon soil, Aewol soil and Mureung soil, respectively. The K value of Namwon soil with very high organic matter content and cation exchange capacity was the highest for Aewol soil and Mureung soil. The Freundlich constant, 1/n, show a high correlation with organic matter content, i.e., it is less than unity for organic matter rich soil of Namwon soil and greater than unity for organic matter poor soil of Mureung soil. The leaching of EPN is slower for Namwon soil with high K values, and faster for Mureung soil with low K values. The results of the study is demonstrated the potential of pollution for EPN have little leached into soil environment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.231-234
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• 2020

An 11-year-old, 4.3 kg, mixed breed, intact female dog exhibiting vomiting and a reduced appetite was presented. On physical examination, palpation of the right kidney elicited discomfort. Blood analysis revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Escherichia coli was detected in urine culture, whereas urine analysis showed absence of glucose. Radiography and ultrasonography suggested that there was gas in the right renal parenchyma, and computed tomography was performed while the dog was awake to investigate the suspected gas in the right kidney. After unilateral ureteronephrectomy, a histological diagnosis of right emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) was made. EPN refers to a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma with gas accumulation in the tissue. It is rare in both human and veterinary medicine, and almost all EPN patients have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This case report describes the imaging-based diagnosis of a rare occurrence of unilateral EPN in a non-diabetic dog.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

UV-C and -B types of lamps, and $H_2O_2$ as a photocatalytic material were applied to optimize processing conditions for pesticides removal in Mandarine orange peel. Factors to affect the removal of pestrcides were arranged as a function of irradiation temperature, irradiation time, and $H_2O_2$ spray concentration. The optimum processing conditions for the chloropyrifos and the EPN removals in Mandarine orange peel were irradiation time of 60 min, irradiation temperature of $45^{\circ}C$ and $H_2O_2$ spray concentration of 1000 ppm. However, the optimum processing conditions for methidathion removal were 60 min of irradiation time, $40^{\circ}C$ of irradiation temperature and 1000 ppm of $H_2O_2$ spray concentration. The residual percentages of chloropyrifos, EPN and methidathion were 46, 49 and 28% after above irradiation processing, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2020

An 11-year-old female mixed-breed dog admitted due to anorexia and vomiting. Radiography showed 7.6-mm uroliths in the right proximal ureter and an enlarged kidney. Type 1 emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT) in the awake dog. Right ureteronephrectomy was performed, and Escherichia coli was isolated. The stone was consisted of 80% calcium oxalate. At the 6-month follow-up, no complications were observed. This is the first report of EPN caused by calcium oxalate in a dog. In addition, we suggest performing CT in weak animals to diagnose EPN without anesthesia.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 1989

살균제 Captan, 살충제 Diazinon, MEP, Malathion 및 EPN 의 단독 처리 그리고 Captan 반복처리와 이들 살충제와 서로 다른 조합으로의 동시적, 시간적 복합처리가 E. coli WP2S(uvrA-, trp-) 균주의 돌연변이유발 빈도 및 생잔율에 미치는 영향을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Captan, Diazinon, MEP, Malathion, EPN 및 UV 의 동시적 복합처리는 이들 농약의 단독 처리에서 보다 E. coli WP2S (uvrA-, trp-)균주의 돌연변이유발빈도가 높았고 이들 농약의 단독처리효과를 합한 가산적 영향으로 나타났으며, 동일조건하에서 이들 농약의 처리농도를 배로 늘렸을 때는 배가효과를 보였으나 이 균주의 증가된 돌연변이 유발빈도는 cinnamaldehyde 30ng 및 60ng/ml 그리고 tannic acid 50ng/ml 배지로 각각 첨가했을 때 감소되었고 생잔율은 증가되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.30-36
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• 1984

This study was to investigate the organophosphorus insecticide residues in crops including five kinds of vegetables and two kinds of fruits. The pesticides investigated in spring-radish, spring Chinese cabbage, cucumber and tomato were diazinon, DEP and malathion, in unripe pepper EPN and PAP, in peach EPN, parathion and demeton-methyl, and in grape EPN, PAP and MEP. All samples were analysed by gas chromatographic technique with NPD detector. No one sample was found to approach proposed national maximum residue limits in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the degradation of six residual pesticides (${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole, EPN) in red pepper powder after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The residual ratio of pesticides after 365 nm irradiation which distance is 20 cm and irradiation time is 5 minutes were 73.4, 69.6, 60.8, 92.7, 73.8 and 90.5% in ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan, ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole and EPN, respectively. The residual ratio of pesticides after 254 nm irradiation which distance is 5 cm and irradiation time is 36 hours were 74.6, 64.5, 71.1, 79.1, 79.4 and 64.7% in ${\alpha}$-Endosulfan, ${\beta}$-Endosulfan, Cypermethrin, Fenitrothion, Hexaconazole and EPN, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 1980

Citrus fruits harvested in 1979 were collected from markets scattered in Jeju and Seogwipo area on Jeju island and also from citrus orchards with five, ten, fifteen, twenty, and thirty years of cultivation history. Organophorous insecticides and organochloro acaricides in the pulp of fruits were analysed by gas liquid chromatograph. It was found that EPN and Kelthane were most significant residues found in the citrus fruits in terms of both level and frequency of occurrence. Among citrus fruits collected from various markets, EPN was detected in 28% of the fruits samples in the range of 0.009 to 0.025 ppm, while Kelthane, at lower level, was found in all citrus fruits in the range of trace to 0.007 ppm. Residue levels of citrus fruits from orchards of various cultivated periods, in general, confirmed those of the fruits collected from commercial markets. However, residues of Kelthane in the citrus fruits tended to increase with orchards having longer cultivation history.