• ALGAE
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

The brown algae padina concrescens is widely distributed in the northwestern Pacific Mexico. We described the population of P. concrescens based on population parameters such as cover, density and size structure and reproduc-tion at two levels tide at the intertidal area in the southwestern Baja. California Peninsula. Monthly visits from January to December 2003 were done. Both cover and density were measured in situ by quadrants method. Samples were collected to obtain size structure and percentage of reproductive fronds. Our results show there is sparial vari-ation in the population structure more than temporal. Thus, cover and density peak were at different months ineach tide level studied, the lower tide level shows the high values in cover as well as density. The frond develop-ment was observed in height/width ratio this relation was consistent only in the low tidal zone. Size class distribu-tion has consistently small size plants in both tide levels.Reproduction was seasonal in the tide channel but in both tide levels all the reproductive plants were tetrasporophyte. Our results suggest that this population is pseudopere-nial and it strongly as a consequence of the intense competition in the intertidal zone.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.231-251
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• 2010

The sulfatation of chitosan, by reaction with chlorosulfonic acid under controlled conditions, allowed increasing the pH range of chitosan solubility. The biopolymer was characterized using FTIR and $^{13}C$-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and titration analysis and it was tested for mercury recovery by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF). In slightly alkaline conditions (i.e., pH 8) mercury recovery was possible and at saturation of the polymer the molar ratio $-NH_2$/Hg(II) tended to 2.6. Polymer recycling was possible changing the pH to 2 and the polymer was reused for 3 cycles maintaining high metal recovery. The presence of chloride ions influences metal speciation and affinity for the polymer and "playing" with metal speciation allowed using the PEUF process for mercury separation from cadmium; at pH 11 the formation of hydroxo-complexes of Hg(II) limits it retention. Cake formation reveals the predominant controlling step for permeation flux.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with non-vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the Venezuelan immigrant population residing in Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data obtained from the Second Survey of the Venezuelan Population Residing in Peru in 2022. The dependent variable was vaccination status against COVID-19. The independent variables included socio-demographic, economic, and migratory characteristics of the included population. Crude and adjusted generalized linear Poisson-family models were used to calculate prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 7739 Venezuelan migrants aged 18 years or older were included. The proportion of non-vaccination against COVID-19 was 5.7%. Regarding associated factors, unemployment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.65) was linked to an increased likelihood of not being vaccinated against COVID-19. In contrast, women (aPR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.95), possessing a migration permit (aPR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.54), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.81) were associated with a decreased likelihood of being unvaccinated. Conclusions: The primary governmental and non-governmental institutions responsible for supporting and protecting the Venezuelan migrant and refugee population should improve vaccination access by issuing migration permits and providing health insurance.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2017

양이온계 광중합에 적용 가능한 propenyl ether 형태의 단량체들을 mono 및 di-functional alcohol과 allyl bromide의 축합반응으로 합성하였다. 이들 단량체들을 양이온 광개시제와 혼용하여 코팅조성물을 제조하여 광경화 반응성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 mono propenyl ether 형태인((prop-1-en-1-yloxy)methyl)benzene (POMB)는 dipropenyl ether 계인 1,4-bis(prop-1-en-1-yloxy) benzene (BPOB) 비교하여 초기 중합 속도는 10.2로 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으나 1.5mol%의 광개시제를 포합한 배합물에서는 90초이내에 거의 정량적으로 반응하였다. 또한 긴알킬기를 갖는 술폰산 염계 광개시제들은 단량체들에 빠른 용해 특성을 나타내었고 산성도가 높은 광개시제인(4-n-decyloxyphenyl)diphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate(DPSA)와 (4-n-decyloxyphenyl) diphenylsulfonium triflate (DPST)를 사용한 경우 비교적 높은 중합속도와 전환율을 나타내었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1988

This paper dealt with experimentally the effect of $N_2$ and $H_2$ gas mixtures ratio in the fatigue characteristics of SM45C on Ion-nitrided. The specimen were treated water cooling after Ion-nitriding at $500^{\circ}C$ and 5 torr. in 80% $N_2$and 50% $N_2$gas mixtures ratio in the atmosphere for 3 hrs. The hardness distribution and the depth of nitriding layer shows more increase in 80% $N_2$gas mixture ratio than 50% $N_2$. Ion-nitrided specim- en for 80% $N_2$gas mixture ratio show more increase infatigue strenght in the $>1.5{\times}10^5$ cycles region than 50% $N_2$. In the $<1.5{\times}10^5$cycles region, fatigue failure is due to cracking of the brittle nitrided case, and the propergation of the surface cracks into the core. But in the $>1.5{\times}10^5$cycles region, it is found that cracks propagate from the non-metallic inclusions in the subsurface.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.129-131
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to evaluate the hazard of landslides at Penang, Malaysia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys. The topographic and geologic data and satellite image were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. The used factors that influence landslide occurrence are topographic slope, topographic aspect topographic curv ature and distance from drainage from topographic database, geology and distance from lineament from the geologic database, land use from TM satellite image and vegetation index value from SPOT satellite image. Landslide hazardous area were analysed and mapped using the landslide-occurrence factors by probability - likelihood ratio - method. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the hazard map and the existing data on landslide location.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2022

Experimentally predicting the compressive strength (CS) of concrete (for a mix design) is a time-consuming and laborious process. The present study aims to propose surrogate models based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) machine learning techniques, which can predict the CS of concrete containing nano-silica. Content of cement, aggregates, nano-silica and its fineness, water-binder ratio, and the days at which strength has to be predicted are the input variables. The efficiency of the models is compared in terms of Correlation Coefficient (CC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Variance Account For (VAF), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and RMSE to observation's standard deviation ratio (RSR). It has been observed that the SVM outperforms GPR in predicting the CS of the concrete containing nano-silica.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2019

Objective: We compare the effects of three different approved sources of supplemental zilpaterol on growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Methods: Twenty four Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($46.75{\pm}2.43kg$) were used in a 33-day feeding trial. Lambs were fed a dry rolled corn-based finishing diet. Treatments consisted of the non-supplemental basal diet (Control) versus the basal diet supplemented with 125 mg zilpaterol/kg of diet (as fed basis) from three commercial sources marketed in Mexico: Zilmax (ZIL), Grofactor, and Zipamix. Results: Compared to controls, zilpaterol (ZH) supplementation did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), but increased carcass adjusted daily weight gain (ADG, 36.7%), gain efficiency (34.2%), and dietary net energy (26.0%), and decreased (23.4%) the ratio of observed:expected DMI. Compared to controls, supplemental ZH increased hot carcass weight (6.4%), dressing percentage (3.2%), m. longissimus thoracis (LM) area (15.6%), and shoulder muscle:fat ratio (28.7%), but decreased kidney-pelvic-heart fat, and fat thickness. Supplemental ZH increased 10.9% and 14.3% whole cut weight of loin and leg, respectively, and the proportion (as percentage of cold carcass weight) of leg (4.3%). These increases were reflected in greater forequarter and hindquarter weights. Lambs fed ZH increased (4.6%) empty body weight (EBW) and reduced (14.7%) liver/spleen weight (as g/kg EBW). Likewise, ZH supplementation tended (p = 0.08) to lower (8.9%) visceral fat. Growth performance, energetic efficiency, hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area and whole cuts were not different across supplemental ZH sources. However, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreased carcass fat distribution, including fat thickness, percentage kidney pelvic and heart fat, shoulder fat, and visceral fat. Conclusion: Supplemental ZH increases ADG, gain efficiency, carcass dressing percentage, and LM area. The magnitude of these responses was similar among ZH sources. Nevertheless, compared with non-supplemented controls, only ZIL appreciably decreases carcass fat. The basis for this is uncertain, but indicative that some practical differences in zilpaterol bio-equivalency may exist across commercial sources tested.

• 암석학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.169-186
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• 2000

울산 동부지역 당사리 화산암류는 다량의 안산암질 화성쇄설암류내에 안산암 용암류가 협재되어 산출된다. 안산암은 유상구조와 판상절리가 특징적으로 나타나며, 일부 관입상에서는 소규모 주상절리가 나타나기도 하였다. 화성쇄설암류는 대부분 화성쇄설성 각력암이 우세하면서 응회질각력암, 라필리 응회암 등이 호층으로 반복되어 층상구조를 나타내면서 분포한다. 안산암은 사장석, 보통휘석($Wo_{43.2}$ /$En_{41.0}$ /$Fs_{15.8}$ ), 엔스타타이트($Wo_{2.7}$ , $En_{65.8}$ , $Fs_{31.5}$ )와 각섬석 반정이 특징적으로 나타난다. 본 역 안산암은 분류도에서 서브 알칼리 계열의 안산암 영역에 도시되며, $SiO_2$에 대한$ K_2$O의 성분도에 도시하면 중-K 칼크-알칼리암 계열에 해당한다. 미량 원소 조성과 REE 패턴에서 높은 LILE/HFSE비를 나타내며, 경희토류 원소는 부화되어 있는 특징을 나타내는 데, 이는 본 역의 화산암류가 조산대 화간호에 기인한 암석이며, 섭입과 연관된 마그마로부터 생성되었음을 강하게 지시한다. 지구조판별도에서 지판이 침강 섭입하는 지판 경계부 영역의 칼코-알칼리 계열로 구분된다. 당사리화산임의 기원이 되는 칼크-알칼리 안산암질 마그마는 섭입대에서 상부맨틀 웨지를 구성하는 석류석 페리도타이트의 약 15%의 부분용융에 의해 생성된 현무암질 초생마그마에서 유래하였으며, 마그마의 상승 중 지각내의 쳄버에 머무는 동안 분별정출작응과 지각과의 혼염을 받았음을 유추할 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

장시간 운전을 하는 동안 운전자는 외부상황을 계속해서 주시하고 경계하게 하므로 운전자에게는 정신적 부하로 작용하게 되며 이로 인해 발생하는 운전피로는 자동차 사고의 원인이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 심박변동신호를 분석하여 운전시간의 증가에 따른 발생하는 운전피로도를 알아보았다. 심박변동신호의 분석방법에는 이전 연구들에서 널리 사용되어져 왔던 선형분석방법들과 함께 ApEn, Poincare Plot등을 이용한 비선형 분석방법들을 이용하였다. 3년 이상의 운전경력을 가진 5명의 실험자가 참가하였으며 모든 실험자는 4대의 승용차를 2번씩 운전하여 총 40회의 실험을 실시하였다. 운전구간은 고속도로 300km구간을 왕복해서 주행하도록 하였으며 약 3시간 정도가 소요되었다. 운전하는 동안 30분 간격으로 심전도 데이터를 측정하였다. 측정된 심전도 신호로부터 유도된 심박변동신호(HRV : heart rate variability)로부터 시간영역 변수, 주파수 영역변수, 비선형 특성 등을 구한다음, 안정 상태의 데이터라 비교하여 통계석 유의성을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 시간영역의 변수인 평균심박동수는 운전시간의 증가에 따라 계속적으로 감소하였으며 심박동율의 표준편차와 연속적인 RR간격의 차이는 90분 이후로는 일정 수준을 유지하였다. 주파수 영역에서 구한 L $F_{norm}$, LF/HF는 운전시간에 따라 증가함을 보였다. 비선형 특성을 알아보기 위해서 ApEn, Poincare plot을 이용하였는데 모두 시간에 따라 감소함을 나타내었다. 대부분의 변수에서 통계적 유의성은 1시간 이후부터 나타남을 볼 수 있었다.