• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.792-799
• /
• 2022

As a vital problem in reproductive health, recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) affects about 1% of women. We performed this study with an aim to explore the molecular mechanism of interleukin-23 (IL-23) and find optimal or effective methods to improve RSA. First, ELISA was applied to evaluate the expressions of IL-23 and its receptor in HTR-8/SVneo cells after IL-23 treatment. CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing and transwell assays were employed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, respectively. Additionally, the expressions of apoptosis-, migration-, epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) and p38 MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were measured by western blotting. To further investigate the relationship between IL-23 and p38 MAPK signaling pathway, HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated for 1 h with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB239063, followed by a series of cellular experiments on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, as aforementioned. The results showed that IL-23 and its receptors were greatly elevated in IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Additionally, IL-23 demonstrated suppressive effects on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT of IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. More importantly, the molecular mechanism of IL-23 was revealed in this study; that is to say, IL-23 inhibited the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and EMT of IL-23-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, IL-23 inhibits trophoblast proliferation, migration, and EMT via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that IL-23 might be a novel target for the improvement of RSA.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.519-527
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to establish a Plant Hardiness Zone (PHZ) map, investigate the effect of global warming on changes in PHZ, and elucidate the difference in the distribution of evergreen trees between the central and southern region within hardiness Zone 7b in Korea. Methods: Mean annual extreme minimum temperature (EMT) and related temperature fluctuation data for 40 years (1981 to 2020) in each of the meteorological observation points were extracted from the Open MET Data Portal of the Korea Meteorological Administration. Using EMT data from 60 meteorological observation points, PHZs were classified according to temperature range in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Changes in PHZs for each decade related to the effects of global warming were analyzed. Temperature fluctuation before and after the day of EMT were analyzed for 4 areas of Seoul, Suwon, Suncheon, and Jinju falling under Zone 7b. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and ANOVA were performed using the IBM SPSS 22 Statistics software package. Results: Plant hardiness zones in Korea ranged from 6a to 9b. Over four decades, changes to warmer PHZ occurred in 10 areas, especially in colder ones. Based on the analysis of daily temperature fluctuation, the duration of sub-zero temperatures was at least 2 days in Seoul and Suwon, while daily maximum temperatures were above zero in Suncheon and Jinju before and after EMT day. Conclusion: It was found that the duration of sub-zero temperatures in a given area is an important factor affecting the distribution of evergreen trees in PHZ 7b.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2023

Purpose : Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as an important cellular response in metastatic proceduresand characterized by loss of cellular polarity as well as gain of mesenchymal features, which enables migration and invasion. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary carcinomas in the liver and exhibits a poor prognosis due to frequent extrahepatic metastasis. Taraxacum officinale has been used for a long time in oriental medicine because of its various pharmacological activitiessuch as anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic activities. In this study, the anti-metastatic activity of T. officinale water extract (TOWE) and ethanol extract (TOEE) was investigated through the regulation of EMT in the Huh7 cells. Methods : The effects of TOWE and TOEE on migratory and invasive activities were investigated by wound healing and in vitro invasion assays. Western blot analysis was also applied to analyze protein expression levels associated with EMT and their upstream transcription factors in Huh7 cells. Results : TOWE and TOEE treatment potently inhibited migration and invasion of Huh7 cells compared to the untreated group. Both extracts treatment inhibited protein expression levels of N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and vimentin while E-cadherin was significantly accelerated. In addition, the activated status of transcription factors, Snail, nuclear factor (NF)-κ B, and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB)1 was also inhibited with statistical significance. In comparison to both extracts, TOEE more potently attenuated migration, invasion, and EMT markers as well as their transcription factors in Huh7 cells than TOWE, which means that TOEE might possess more functional phytochemicals than TOWE. Conclusion : Consequently, TOWE and TOEEattenuated metastatic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma through the regulation of EMT markers and their transcription factors in Huh7 cells, which means that T. officinale might be a promising strategy for a chemopreventive agent against HCC metastasis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.495-505
• /
• 1996

수은이 세포성 면역반응에 미치는 효과와 그 기전을 밝히기 위해 cytokine-EMT-6 cell-NO 모형에 대조군에는 수은을 첨가하지 않았고 나머지 실험군에는 $0.05-0.8{\mu}M$의 mercury chloride를 처리하였다. 그리고 배양시간별, 수은농도별로 세포생존율, 세포성 면역의 지표인 NO를 nitrite로 간접정량하고 대사과정에 필수 에너지요소인 nitrite를 측정한 결과는 아래와 같이 요약된다. 1. EMT-6세포의 세포생존율은 대조군과 36시간째 $0.8{\mu}M(89.50%)$을 제외한 모든 수은첨가군에서 모두 90%이상의 값을 나타내었으며, 배양시간 및 첨가한 수은농도별 군간 차이는 없었고 모든 수은첨가군과에서 대조군에 비해 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 수은에 노출된 EMT-6 세포의 nitrite 생성량 및 ATP생성량은 배양시간의 경과에 따라 전반적으로 증가하였으며 시간경과에 따른 nitrite 생성량과 ATP 생성량은 첨가한 수은농도의 변화에 따라 각 군간에 현저한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 시간경과의 영향을 보정한 상태에서도 첨가한 수은농도의 변화에 따라 각 군간 차이는 모두 현저하게 나타났다. 한편, Nitrite 생성량과 ATP 생성량은 둘 다 수은첨가군 모두에서 대조군의 값에 비해 현저하게 낮았고, 첨가된 수은농도와 nitrite 생성량 및 ATP 생성량 사이에는 높은 음의 상관관계가 있어 수은농도의 증가에 따라 용량-반응의 관계(dose-dependent)로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과, 배양조건에 수은의 첨가로 인하여 nitrite 생성량과 ATP 생성량이 동시에 감소하는 바, 수은에 의한 세포성 면역의 저하는 면역세포의 NO 생성량의 감소에 의한 것으로 사료되며, 이는 수은이 세포내 에너지생산에 관련된 대사과정을 억제시키므로 나타나는 결과라고 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 녹차폴리페놀이 시스플라틴의 항암작용과 신장 독성에 미치는 영향을 유방암 세포(EMT6)와 암세포 이식마우스를 이용하여 in vitro와 in vivo 실험으로 관찰하였다. 배양한 EMT6 세포에서 녹차폴리페놀은 시스플라틴에 의한 세포 독성을 증가시켰다. 마우스에 EMT6 세포를 주사하여 유발된 종양의 크기가 시스플라틴군(CP)보다 시스플라틴+녹차폴리페놀군(CP+GTP)에서 유의하게 작았고, 종양조직 p53와 caspase-3 활성화가 시스플라틴군(CP)보다 시스플라틴+녹차폴리페놀군(CP+GTP)에서 유의하게 높았으며, 신장 GGT와 AP 활성은 시스플라틴군(CP)보다 시스플라틴+녹차폴리페놀군(CP+GTP)에서 유의하게 높았고, 신장 조직학적 소견에서 신세뇨관 확장과 괴사가 시스플라틴군(CP)보다 시스플라틴+녹차폴리페놀군(CP+GTP)에서 유의하게 낮았다. 이상의 결과 녹차폴리페놀은 EMT6 유방암 세포를 이용한 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험에서 시스플라틴의 항암작용을 증강시키면서 신장에 대한 독성 부작용은 감소시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 추측된다. 녹차폴리페놀의 시스플라틴 항암작용 증강과 신장 독성 억제 및 감소 효과는 시스플라틴에 의한 암 치료 시 화학요법제의 보조제로서 이용가치가 있는 것으로 생각되며, 항암화학요법제에 대한 보조제로의 개발을 위해서는 대규모 동물실험을 통한 효과 입증 및 부작용에 대한 실험과 임상연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2019

암조직의 내부에서 hypoxia와 glucose depletion 등의 microenvironmental stress를 받게 되면 necrosis가 유도되고, 실제로 암 조직 내부에서 necrotic core 형성이 관찰된다. Necrotic cells은 high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)를 extracellular space로 방출하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 방출된 HMGB1은 tumor-promoting cytokine으로 작용함으로써 tumor development 시 inflammation, metabolism 및 metastasis에 기여한다. 본 연구에서 non-invasive breast cancer cells MCF-7이 solid tumor의 in vitro model인 multicellular tumor spheroid (MTS) 배양을 통해 완전한 구형의 MTS를 형성하며 MTS가 성장함에 따라 inner region에 necrosis가 유도됨을 밝혔다. 또한 MCF-7 세포의 MTS 배양은 Snail 의존적으로 epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)를 유도함을 관찰하였다. HMGB1의 cell surface receptors인 RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 발현이 MTS 배양에 의해 증가됨을 발견하였다. RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 를 knockdown한 결과 MTS 성장을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 MTS에 의해 증가되는 Snail 발현을 억제함을 밝혔다. 이는 MTS-induced Snail 발현이 RAGE/TLR2/TLR4의존적으로 조절되며 RAGE/TLR2/TLR4-Snail이 MTS 성장에 관여하는 것으로 보인다. 또한 Snail, RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 shRNA는 MTS 배양에 의해 유도되는 EMT를 억제함을 밝혔다. 실제 인간 암조직에서 정상조직에 비해 RAGE, TLR2, TLR4 유전자의 발현이 높음을 관찰하였다. 따라서 HMGB1이 RAGE/TLR2/4-Snail axis를 통해 MTS 배양에 따른 성장 및 EMT에 중요하게 작용할 것으로 예상된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제26권12호
• /
• pp.2027-2032
• /
• 2005

This paper demonstrates details of thermal behavior of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) by using the principal component analysis based two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (PCA2D) through eigenvalue manipulating transformation (EMT). By uniformly lowering the power of a set of eigenvalues associated with the original data, the smaller eigenvalues becomes more prominent and the subtle contribution from minor components is now highlighted much more strongly than the original data. Thus, the subtle difference of thermal behavior of LB film of PtBMA from minor components, which is not readily detectable in the conventional 2D correlation analysis, is much more noticeable than the original data. PCA2D correlation spectra with EMT operation for the temperature-dependent IR spectra of LB film of PtBMA reveal the hidden property of phase transition processes during heating.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.519-525
• /
• 2011

A three-dimensional ecological model(EMT-3D) was applied to DAS1 in Tokyo Bay. The simulated results of DAS1 were in good agreement with the observed values. The result of sensitivity analysis showed that photolysis coefficient and extinction coefficient were important factor for dissolved DAS1, and photolysis coefficient, extinction and POC partition coefficient for PAHs in particulate organic matter. Mass balance of DAS1 in Tokyo Bay was calculated by using the simulated results of EMT-3D.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2000

This is a study to evaluate the effects of the change of EMT students' acceptance on meaning "Korean style translation of EMT". The major instruments of this study were Korean Self-Analysis Acceptance Opinionnaire. This Questionnaire contains 3 items which measure students' opinions or attitudes. The data were analyzed by the path analysis - with SPSS and AMOS package program. The result are as follows: 1) Y(before admission) ＝ $0.11{\times}1$(teaching)+$0.12{\times}2$(elder)+$0.57{\times}2$(peer)+E. 2) Y(student) ＝ $0.87{\times}1$(teaching)+$0.49{\times}2$(elder)+$0.59{\times}2$(peer)+E. 3) Y(before graduation) ＝ $0.57{\times}1$(teaching)+$0.63{\times}2$(elder)+$0.73{\times}2(peer)$+E.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study to test the effect of health education on the performance of health promoting behavior in E.M.T. students. The data were collected from 77 EMT students by questionnaire. The first survey were conducted from March 20 to April 2. The second survey were conducted from August 8 to September 5 on same group. The data were analyzed by pecentage, mean, t-test using SAS program. The result of this study were as follows : 1. The average item score for the health promoting was 2.35 at freshman. 2. The average item score for the health promoting was 2.59 after one year on same group. In the subcategories, the highest degree of performance was personal relationship support, self-actualization, stress management, nutrition and health responsibility and the lowest degree was sports. 3. Hypothesis that the EMT student who get health education will have a higher degree of health promoting behavior than the freshman EMT student was accepted.