• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy can effectively reduce weight and abdominal fat in obese patients. Methods: Forty obese participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Five participants dropped out voluntarily during the course of the study and four men were excluded from the analysis to avoid gender bias. Results are presented on a total of thirty-one women. Over an eight-week period, the treatment group (n=13) received gocho (苦椒) extract injections (100mcg/3cc) in the abdominal skin, twice per week; the control group (n=18) received normal saline injections (3cc). A mixed lidocaine and prilocaine cream (2.5%/2.5% EMLA cream) was applied before the injection. At baseline and 8 weeks, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal fat, energy expenditure, and questionnaires (eating attitudes and physical activity) were evaluated in both groups. Results: Reductions in body weight (p<0.005), BMI, and WC (p<0.05) were greater in the treatment group. WHR, total fat area, and visceral fat area decreased only in the treatment group (p<0.05). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was correlated with weight loss only in the control group (r=-0.498, p<0.05). Before and after the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in questionnaire variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: his study suggests that abdominal gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy might be an effective way to promote weight and abdominal fat loss in obese Korean women.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2014

목적 본 연구는 아동의 정맥 천자 시 국소마취크림 도포가 통증에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 시도하였다. 방법 경피적 국소마취크림 도포가 아동의 정맥 천자 시 통증에 미치는 효과를 측정하기 위한 유사 실험 설계로 반복 측정연구이다. 경피적 국소마취크림의 적용시간을 기존 1시간 적용보다 30분 단축한 30분으로 하였고, 대상자를 입원 시의 학령기 아동으로 하여 국소마취크림이 정맥 천자 시 통증에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 정맥 천자 시 통증에 대한 반응을 피부 전기반응, 아동의 자가 보고와 심박동수 측정으로 조사하였다. 결과 정맥 천자 시 통증에 대한 피부 전기반응의 최대값과 평균값은 실험군이 대조군보다 유의하게 낮아 경피적 국소마취크림 도포가 정맥 천자 시 아동의 통증을 감소시키는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론 본 연구 결과 경피적 국소마취크림 도포가 아동의 정맥 천자 시 통증을 감소시키는 효과가 있었다. 또한 기존에 사용되던 통증의 생리적 변수 이외에 피부 전도도(SCL)라는 변수를 통증반응의 지표로 측정하였고, 이는 통증의 새로운 지표를 아동의 통증 연구에 시도하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 아울러 아동의 경피적 국소마취크림의 적용 시간을 단축하여 향후 간호 실무에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

Purpose: Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKR) requires frame positioning because the treatment target should be as close as possible to the center of the frame. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of pin-fixing (PFP) and removal pain (PRP), and the associated factors with the pain undergoing GKR. Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent GKR for their brain tumor were recruited from C University hospital located in H city, J province. The level of pain was measured by the 10 cm VAS. Results: The level of PFP and PRP were 6.36 and 3.26 points, respectively. Step-wise multiple regressions found that the group who have not perceived numbness after applying 5% EMLA cream was the highest associated factor with PFP, following the time from lidocaine injection to pin-fixation, which explained 21% of total variance of the level of PFP. On the other hand, a group who did not perceive numbness after applying 10% lidocaine spray was the highest factor with PRP, among female patients, which explained 27% of total variance of the level of PRP. Conclusion: Both of PFP and PRP of the stereotactic frame were moderate so that nurses should consider diverse strategies to reduce pain among patients undergoing gamma knife radiosurgery.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the level of pain related to a blood sugar test. Specifically, the study attempts to compare the varying degree of pains when different types of blood sugar test are used. Method: A sample of 56 subjects is composed of DM patients admitted to a medical ward of C university hospital in Gwangju. Data were collected from July, 2001 to December, 2001. The blood sugar tests were administered in four different ways: (1) the use of 27G needle only, (2) the use of 27G needle followed by ice-packed treatment, (3) the use of 27G needle after EMLA cream application, and (4) the use of lancet. The degree of pain is measured with a visual analogue scale and performed twice. Result: In both measures, the use of 27G needle only method is shown to cause the highest level of pain in comparison with the rest of methods (F=4.01, p=.01; F=8.14, p=.00). However, the differences in pain between time in all methods were not found to be significant (t=-.85, p=.40; t=.80, p=.42; t=.31, p=.75; t=.19, p=.85). Conclusion: The study results indicate that the method using lanceter is more recommendable than the use of 27G needle only method. Further research is needed to support the current study result with the use of different measurement scales and to determine effective methods of blood sugar test to lower pain and compliance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2009

Purpose: Frey's syndrome is a common complication after parotid surgery and characterized by gustatory sweating and flushing in the periauricular area during meals. Although a variety of methods have been proposed to prevent this postoperative problem but they have been unsatisfactory. In this article, therefore, botulinum toxin A was used to treat nine patients with Frey's syndrome and its duration effect after injection was investigated. Methods: Nine patients became the object of study about the effect of botulinum toxins as treatment of Frey's syndrome. Age of patients ranged from 25 to 78 years (mean, 43.7 years). Six of nine patients had both symptoms of gustatory sweating and flushing. And the others had only gustatory sweating symptom. Using Minor starch iodine test, the affected skin area was detected, and it was marked by $1cm^2$ sized grid appearance. After application of EMLA cream on the gustatory sweating area, botulinum toxin A was injected intracutaneously into the affected skin area ($2.5U/cm^2$). Patients were followed up from six to fifteen months (mean, about 12 months) and asked about improvement of their symptoms. Results: The treatement with botulinum toxin A took effective within two days after injection. Six months after injection, gustatory sweating disappeared completely in all patients, and five of six patients who had gustatory flushing improved in their symptom. Last follow-up, no patients complained of recurrent gustatory sweating and flushing except one. One patient, seven months after initial injection, was retreated with botulinum toxin A because of recurrence, and the result was successful. The duration of the effect after botulinum toxin A treatment was ranged from seven to thirteen months. One patient in our series experienced the upper eyelid weakness as adverse effect, but it improved spontaneously. Conclusion: Local injection of botulinum toxin A is an effective, safe and long - lasting method for treatment of Frey's syndrome. Hereafter, however, additional study will be required to evaluate the duration effect of botulinum toxin A according to frequency in use and dosage.