• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2014

Background or Objectives : The purpose of this study is to measure surface Electromyography(sEMG) of facial muscles in normal person and to find method for standardizing of sEMG's value. Methods : We measured 3points on face, frontalis muscle($GB_{14}$), zygomaticus muscle($SI_{18}$), orbicularis oris muscle($LI_{19}$) of 40 normal person by sEMG. 40 normal person consist with two groups, each 20 male, 20 female. Average age of subject was $26.50{\pm}4.79$. SEMG instrument QEMG-4 XL was used. After training exercise of facial muscles, sEMG's root mean square value was measured once. Results : 1. In whole experimental group, frontalis muscle's both side average was $78.36{\pm}40.87$, zygomaticus muscle's both side average was $84.70{\pm}49.81$, orbicularis oris's both side average was $104.83{\pm}38.81$. 2. Left side of Frontalis muscle, both side of zygomaticus muscle are high marked in male than female in statistically. 3. In whole experimental group, average of ratio comparing smaller value with bigger value in difference between left side and right side was $19.60{\pm}12.88$ %. 4. Average of asymmetry index(AI) was $11.46{\pm}8.36$ %. orbicularis oris muscle's average of AI had least difference was $8.95{\pm}7.50$ %. zygomaticus muscle's average of AI had most difference was $13.95{\pm}8.90$ %. Conclusions : The result of this study could provide useful information of field of sEMG is used in oriental medicine treatment of facial muscles. To assess efficacy of treatment in facial muscles, we need to standardize facial muscle's sEMG values by using AI, ratio comparing values and etc.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2019

Studies are now actively underway to confirm the degree of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with brain-related diseases (dementia, schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease). Among them, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in treatment because it is a technique that is used for noninvasive brain neuron control in patients with brain disorders. It can be seen that muscle fatigue of normal people increases during Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Therefore, in this paper, our purpose is to build an EMG measurement system to measure motor neuron-induced response during transcranial magnetic stimulation and We identify a motor-neutral response system using tendency in the RMS graph. As an experimental method, the Raw Data received through the surface EMG device and analyzed by RMS technique, after the contraction and relaxation movement of the biceps brachii. As a result of the experiment, we confirmed the trend of rising RMS graph, and it will can be used to determine the self-stimulation intensity for each individual in consideration of the data of the motor-neutral response.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of squat exercise using a ball on the gap between knees and Q angle of a subject with a genu-varum, and to prove the effect, to provide a clinical basis for developing into a knee correction exercise program. Methods : As a result of posture measurement through GPS, 26 female with genu-varum with a knee length of 5 cm or more were studied. The group was randomly assigned to 13 squat exercise group using ball (experimental group) and 13 general squat exercise groups (control group). The experimental group placed the ball between both knees in a position where the distance between both feet was slightly wider than the shoulder width on a flat support surface, and fixed the ball, and then squat with the start signal. The control group squats without a ball. Each group performed three sets of exercise three times a week for six weeks. Before their exercise, after three and six weeks, EMG, GPS, digital goniometer measurement, the vastus medialis (VM), the vastus lateralis (VL), and the Q-angle were measured in the squat exercise posture. EMG was measured in squat exercise posture. Results : The distance between the knees was reduced. EMG is activated in group A, the group B experimental results showed the high activity of the VL. Q-angle had increased. But the experimental group increased more than the control group. Conclusion : We have confirmed through our experiments that the distance interval between the knees during squat exercises using a ball can be reduced. Furthermore, it would also be helpful to ensure the treatment of genu-varum.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2000

When standing, walking, or running for extended periods of time, fatigue occurs in the legs. Although there are many ways, to release tense or fatigued leg muscles, in the case that there is insufficient time to relax, an easy way to release leg fatigue is using an inclined step (about 3 minutes). This method was more effective than performing stretching exercises as studied. An experiment was conducted on a golf course in the Kangwon province in Korea. Subjects were chosen randomly and consisted of 5 females and 4 males golf caddies. Their main tasks consisted of pulling golf carts to the bottom of a hill for 8 to 10 hours and sometimes lifting and lowering golf clubs during the duration of one day. EMG was measured after work and after using the previously mentioned inclined Steps for the lower legs using ME3000P. This study investigated the types of inclined Steps which would be most effective and appropriate for golf caddies, whether sex difference had any influence existed between male and female workers. The results showed that a step with a $20^{\circ}$ angle was most effective for males and a step with a $25^{\circ}$ angle was most effective for females. Females showed faster recovery from fatigue than males. However, there were no statistical significance between males and females.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 2009

Since inappropriate muscle forces mean that people cannot perform some activities related to roles of the muscle, muscle forces have been considered as an important parameter in clinic. Therefore, many methods have been introduced to estimate muscle forces indirectly. One of the methods is muscle tissue dynamics and it is widely used in commercial softwares including musculoskeletal model, such as SIMM. They, however, need motion data captured from 3-dimensional motion analysis system. In this study, we introduced an algorithm to estimate muscle forces in real-time by using joint angles. The heel-rise movements were performed for a normal with 3-dimensional motion analysis system, EMG measurement system, and electrogoniometers. Joint angles obtained from electrogoniometers and EMG signals were used to estimate muscle forces. Simulation was performed to find muscle forces using motion data which was imported into musculoskeletal software. As the results, muscle lengths and forces from the developed algorithm were similar to those from commercial software in pattern. Results of this study would be helpful to implement a tool to calculate reasonable muscle forces in real-time.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study analyzes the characteristics of two different kinds of squat exercise through physical experiments and a computer simulation, i.e. one with a free weight and the other with a Smith machine are studied. This study also proposes a new design for the Smith machine, which has both the advantages of each type based on the results of the analysis. The muscle force and level of stimulation of the lower extremities during squatting were calculated by running an inverse dynamics analysis program on a musculoskeletal model together with the measured motion data. The calculated results were verified by comparing with the measured EMG data. The analysis showed that squatting using free weight is more effective than squatting using the Smith machine. Meanwhile, in order to design an improved Smith machine, which is the final goal of this study, the trajectory of the barbell of the subjects during free weight squatting was measured on the sagittal plane. The measurement showed that the average slope of the trajectory of the barbell is tilted backward by $10.7^{\circ}$. Based on this measurement, this study proposes a tilted design for an improved Smith machine.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducts quantitative evaluation or structural and functional characteristics or normal skeletal muscle with ultrasound image and surface electromyography, and is to provide basic materials for utilizing ultrasound image analysis in physical therapy diagnosis and assessment of skeletal muscle. Methods: Measurement of three stages was conducted with 88 normal adults between their twenties and seventies, correlations and differences using collected data according to age and gender were compared and correlations among measured items were analyzed and then the following conclusions were obtained. Results: Analysis of ultrasound image of normal skeletal muscle showed that density, median frequency had the closest relations with age. In addition, it was found that there were high correlations between density explaining structural characteristics of skeletal muscle and median frequency explaining functional characteristics. Conclusion: Analysis of ultrasound image makes complex evaluation of structure and function of skeletal muscle possible when it is connected with functional evaluation method using physical measurement surface electromyography as well as quantitative evaluation of structural changes of skeletal muscle and is effective in complementing physical therapy diagnosis centering around functionality evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 1999

The maximum work capacity at various shoulder angles was estimated in terms of joint moment through maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) measurement, and the result was compared to workload computed from 3-D static lifting model (3DSSPP) based upon national institute of safety and health (NIOSH) lifting guideline (1991). The electromyography (EMG) of anterior/posterior deltoid and trapezius muscle was also recorded to study the function of individual muscle during asymmetric shoulder lifting. Psychophysical workload was measured to observe the difference from MVC or biomechanical estimation. An apparatus was constructed for the study and twenty five trials including five flexion angles and five add/abduction angles were performed isometrically. Results indicated that MVC at 30 degree of flexion was the strongest whereas MVC at 120 degree was the weakest. In case of add/abduction, MVC decreased to 77 to 89 % during add/abduction compared to the MVC at neutral position. Regarding the normalized EMG value, a substantial increase was observed at 30 and 60 degree abduction. More importantly, the shoulder moment computed from maximum permissible limit (MPL) was greater than the moment at MVC condition during 30 degree adduction. Current result can be used as a reference information for a safe workplace design to prevent the shoulder from an excessive work load in industry.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2001

The CTD(Cumulative Trauma Disorder) as a new kind of occupational disease occurs mainly to workers on handling line under the highly-specialized industrial environments. This study took into account their exposure to Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTD) by the utilization of EMG system, with respect to worker's muscle fatigue test according to fulfillment of iterative and simple task. The findings of this study were as follows : From the result of AEMG test analysis, worker's fatigue extent according to elapsed time of task was inclined to be increased continually. On the other hand, after its task ending, their fatigue extent was inclined to be decreased than before-circumstance of refractory brick lifting. The transference of MF(Median Frequency) and MPF(Mean Power Frequency) had highly significant difference between muscle fatigue and the elapsed time of work. Especially, their fatigue extent to erectorspinae and multifidus to lift firebrick was increased in the mean time. The transference of ZCR(Zero Crossing Rate) had considerable significant difference between muscle fatigue and the elapsed time of work. In short, as the work went of the muscle fatigue extent increased gradually. Thus, it can be concluded that the fatigue of erectorspinae and multifidus extent according to fulfillment of iterative and simple task is gradually being increased.