• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2022

Purpose: To determine the prognostic role of muscle area and muscle radiation attenuation in the erector spinae (ES) and multifidus (MF) muscles in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: Patients with stage I-III gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and analyzed. Both paraspinal muscle index of ES/MF muscles (PMI_EM) and paraspinal muscle radiation attenuation in the same muscles (PMRA_EM) were analyzed at the 3rd lumbar level using axial computed tomographic images. Cox regression analysis was applied to estimate overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: There was only a weak correlation between PMI_EM and PMRA_EM (r= 0.28). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that PMRA_EM, but not PMI_EM, was an important determinant of survival. PMRA_EM along with age, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, perineural invasion, and serum albumin level were significant determinants of both OS and DFS that constituted Model 1. Harrell's concordance index and integrated area under receiver operating characteristic curve were greater for Model 1 than for Model 2 (consisting of the same covariates as Model 1 except PMRA_EM) or Model 3 (consisting of only TNM stage). Conclusion: PMRA_EM, but not PMIEM, was an important determinant of survival. Because there was only a weak correlation between PMI_EM and PMRA_EM in this study, it was presumed that they were mutually exclusive. Model 1 consisting of age, TNM stage, perineural invasion, serum albumin level, and PMRA_EM was greater than nested models (i.e., Model 2 or Model 3) in predicting survival outcomes.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2014

Clustering methods such as k-means and EM are the group of classification and pattern recognition, which are used in management science and literature search widely. In this paper, k-means and EM algorithm are compared the performance using by Weka. The winning Lottery numbers of 567 cases are experimented for our study and presentation. Processing speed of the k-means algorithm is superior to the EM algorithm, which is about 0.08 seconds faster than the other. As the result it is summerized that EM algorithm is better than K-means algorithm with comparison of accuracy, precision and recall. While K-means is known to be sensitive to the distribution of data, EM algorithm is probability sensitive for clustering.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1108-1119
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• 2016

This paper presents the spectral analysis and radiation pattern of low-frequency electromagnetic(EM) leakage signals according to the fundamental operations of smartphones. The EM leakage signals generated by the activation of four I/O sensor modules such as a touch-screen, a camera, a microphone and a speaker are captured by the commercial near-field magnetic probe with 1cm spatial resolution. The analysis results show that the leakage of the EM wave occurs strongly around the activated I/O sensor modules, AP(Application Processor) and memory modules. Also, the distinguishable frequency characteristic is shown in each spectrum of EM leakage signals.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2011

This paper deals with the design on iron-core shape for superconducting hybrid electromagnet (SH-EM). A proto-type SH-EM was developed by Yonsei University. It is the first step study on the fundamental technology for advanced railroad system development. We proposed the method that reduce the number of cooling systems in order to improve operating efficiency of the SH-EM. The results was obtained by changing of iron-core shape were verified by the FEM analysis. This paper can be expected to suggest useful data for an advanced SH-EM.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.35-47
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• 2023

Various single probability distributions have been used to represent time headway distributions. However, it has often been difficult to explain the time headway distribution as a single probability distribution on site. This study used the EM algorithm, which is one of the maximum likelihood estimations, for the parameters of combined mixture distributions with a certain relationship between two normal distributions for the time headway of vehicles. The time headway distribution of vehicle arrival is difficult to represent well with previously known single probability distributions. But as a result of this analysis, it can be represented by estimating the parameters of the mixture probability distribution using the EM algorithm. The result of a goodness-of-fit test was statistically significant at a significance level of 1%, which proves the reliability of parameter estimation of the mixture probability distribution using the EM algorithm.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2007

This paper introduces the optimal disposition of direction finder using EM(Electro-magnetic) wave propagation analysis which is based on LR(Longley-Rice) propagation model and the characteristics of direction finder, emitter and terrain. Initial model is simulated and modified to minimize propagation error as a result of the field trials. Proposed analysis used line-of-sight analysis and mountain-top extraction algorithm to optimize the disposition in the assigned area and the result can be displayed in the 3D map in order of the percentage coverage for direction finding possibility area.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2011

This paper deals with the design and fabrication of prototype superconducting hybrid electromagnet(SH-EM) for EMS (Electromagnetic suspension)-based Maglev. The design requirements are based on the normal conducting EM used in the German high-speed Maglev. From the MMF-Levitation force curves simulated by FEM analysis, the required MMF by superconducting coil is suggested. As an experimental test setup to demonstrate the SH-EM, the experimental SH-EM with HTS coil cooled in $LN_2$ is fabricated. From the expected operating current of the HTS coil, the levitation performance of the SH-EM is estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.27
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• pp.87-101
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to grasp the re-lationship between Sasang constitution of the disposition side and clothing value in grown-up women in order to apply Sasang consti-tution theory to the marketing strategy in clothing industry. The study is based on a questionnaie about Sasang constitution and clothing value. The questionnarie was answered by 519 women. The data ere collected from September 12 to September 30, 1994 and analyzed by cluster analysis correlation analysis ANOVA and fac-tor analysis using SAS. The Findings of this study are as follows: 1. The women were classfied in to 3 clusters by cluster analysis :Sp-Yaung-In type (30.8%) Tae-Em-In type (40.7%) So-em-in(28.5%). 2. Correlations between SO-Yaug In type and each of clothing values showed all signifi-cant and specially social value showed high corelation(0.57163) 3. In Tae-Em-In type all correlations showed significant and esocial value showed the highest correlation of all correlations. 4. In So-Em-In type there was no corre-lation inpolitical value and the order of cloth-ing values showing high correlation was theor-etical social economic and religious value. 5. The aesthetic valu among and consti-tution types showed the lowest correlation of all correlation. By means of the about study results we may know that all women belong to three types think social value of the more important value than any other in clothing value. This is because grown-up women in korea prefer yet clothing of the harmonic and similar type to this of individual type.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

The use of induction motors has been recently increasing in a variety of industrial sites, and they play a significant role. This has motivated that many researchers have studied on developing fault detection and classification systems of induction motors in order to reduce economical damage caused by their faults. To early identify induction motor faults, this paper effectively estimates spectral envelopes of each induction motor fault by utilizing a linear prediction coding (LPC) analysis technique and an expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Moreover, this paper classifies induction motor faults into their corresponding categories by calculating Mahalanobis distance using the estimated spectral envelopes and finding the minimum distance. Experimental results show that the proposed approach yields higher classification accuracies than the state-of-the-art conventional approach for both noiseless and noisy environments for identifying the induction motor faults.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.720-726
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• 2010

Haplotype-based research has become increasingly important in the field of personalized medicine since the haplotype reflects a set of SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) that are genetically associated and inherited together. Currently, the most widely used application softwares available for haplotype reconstruction, based on in silico method, include PL-EM, Haplotyper, PHASE and HAP. PL-EM, Haplotyper and PHASE are command-line application running on LINUX or Unix system and HAP is a web-based client-server application. This paper deals with an integrated haplotype reconstruction system that have been developed with PL-EM and Haplotyper selected from the accuracy test with experimentally verified data on public application softwares. This integrated system is a kind of client-sever one with user friendly web interface and can provide end-users with a high quality of haplotype analysis. SNPs genotype data with a length of 5 derived from 5 people and SNPs genotype data with a length of 13 derived from 15 people were used to test the analysis results of Haplotyper and PL-EM respectively. As a result, this system has been confirmed to provide the systematic and easy-to-understand analysis results that consist of two main parts, i.e. individual haplotype information and haplotype pool information. In this respect, the integration system will be utilized as a useful tool for the discovery of disease related genes and the development of personalized drugs through facilitating the reconstruction of haplotype maps.