• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.715-717
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• 2001

네트워크 컴퓨팅 시스템에서 생길 수 있는 공격유형중의 하나는 로그인 아이디, 패스워드와 같은 인증정보를 네트워크상에서 가로채는 것이다. 이러한 정보를 일단 획득하면 후에 언제든지 이용할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 일회용 패스워드 시스템은 이러한 “재공격(replay attack)”을 방어하기 위해 Bellcore사에 의해 고안되어졌다. 하지만 이 인증 시스템은 취약점을 가지고 있는데 만일 공격자가 자신이 가지고 있는 사전에서 passphrase를 유추해 낼 수 있다면 결국 SKEY의 결과값인 일회용 패스워드까지 알아낼 수 있게 된다. 따라서 이 passphrase를 보다 안전하게 사용자와 시스템간에 전달할 수 있게 하기 위해 EKE(Extended Key Exchange) 프로토콜을 사용하여 키의 스니퍼링 뿐만 아니라 dictionary attack을 방지하고자 하였다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.385-393
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• 2024

Ogi production results in nutrient loss. B. aegyptiaca seeds, rich in biomaterials, could enhance ogi's nutritional potential. This study aimed to fortify ogi with bioactives from B. aegyptiaca seeds, targeting a 16% protein inclusion, compared to ogi flour as control. Mineral profiles were analyzed, showing higher levels in the fortified samples, particularly in DAM-ogi and PP-ogi, which are implicated in diabetes control. Pasting profiles indicated higher values in PP-ogi, suggesting improved rheological properties due to B. aegyptiaca bioactives.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2004

Drift data from 17 Argo profiling floats in the East Sea are used to understand the mean flow and its variability in the upper portion of the East Sea Proper Water (UESPW) (around 800 m). The flow penetrates into the Ulleung basin (UB) through two paths: an extension of the southward flowing of the North Korean Cold Water along the east coast of Korea and between Ulleung Island and Dok island. Flows at 800 m are observed in the range of from 0.2 to 4.29 cms-1 and the variability in the north of the UB is larger than that in the south of the UB. In the UB, cyclonic flows from 0.3 to 1.6 cms-1 are observed with the bottom topography. We found that the mean kinetic energy (MKE) and the mean eddy kinetic energy (EKE) are 1.3 and 2.1 cm2s-2 respectively.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.51-70
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• 2000

Twenty normal and 20 severe-to-profound hearing-impaired subjects participated in the present study. The two groups are matched by their chronological age. Each subject made a recording of three vowels of /i/, /a/, and /u/, and nine $VC_{plosive}V$ (hereafter, VCV) disyllables of /epe/, /ep'e/, /$ep^{h}e$/, /ete/, /et'e/, /$et^{h}e$/, /eke/, /ek'e/, and /$ek^{h}e$/, each five times. Formant frequencies of $F_1,\;F_2,\;and\;F_3$ were measured for the three vowels and six measures were made for the nine disyllables. The six measures were (1) the total duration of the disyllable, (2) the duration of the first vowel, (3) the duration of the closed period, (4) the ratio of the first vowel over the first vowel plus the closure period of the consonant, (5) the duration of the aspiration, and (6) the duration of the second vowel. Results shows that the three formants and each of the measures were significantly different between the two groups of subjects.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.5-13
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• 2019

Purpose - The potential for small businesses in the distribution sector to contribute to socio-economic development remains largely inert due to a litany of challenges that they face. Incubators have emerged as the 'silver bullet' for most of the problems but the extent to which they are effectively helping small business overcome their challenges remains debatable. This study seeks to determine the core reasons why respondents enrolled in an incubator, the essence of the incubator and the extent to which the incubator performance is satisfactory. Research design, data, and methodology - A positivist philosophical approach was adopted for the study. This quantitative study used a survey method to collect data from incubatees in a cross-sectional manner. The data were subsequently analysed to generate necessary insights. Results - Results reveal that the gender composition of incubatees is severely skewed in favour of males. Also, most incubatees enrolled in the incubators with a hope that it would ease their pathway to big businesses, financiers and business registration institutions, and it is not. Conclusion - Incubators are mostly inward-looking and are adept at offering training interventions. To improve the effectiveness of incubators, it is necessary to invest efforts in attracting more females and building networks with key external stakeholders that could possibly assist the incubatees establish and grow their businesses.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.89-102
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• 2007

The surface circulation of northern South China Sea (hereafter SCS) for the period 1987-2005 was studied using the data of more than 500 satellite-tracked drifters and wind data from QuikSCAT. The mean flow directions in the northern SCS except the Luzon Strait (here after LS) during the periods October_March was southwestward, and $April{\sim}September$ northeastward. A strong northwestward intrusion of the Kuroshio through the LS appears during the $October{\sim}March$ period of northeasterly wind, but the intrusion became weak between April and September. When the strong intrusion occurred, the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the LS was $388cm^2/s^2$ which was almost 2 times higher than that during the weak-intrusion season. The volume transport of the Kuroshio in the east of the Philippines shows an inverse relationship to that of the LS. There is a six-month phase shift between the two seasonal phenomena. The volume transport in the east of the Philippines shows its peak sis-month earlier faster than that of the LS. The strong Kuroshio intrusion is found to be also related to the seasonal variation of the wind stress curl generated by the north easterly wind. The negative wind stress curl in the northern part of LS induces an anticyclonic flow, while the positive wind stress curl in the southern part of LS induces a cyclonic flow. The northwestward Kuroshio intrusion in the northern part of LS happened with larger negative wind stress curl, while the westward intrusion along $20.5^{\circ}N$ in the center of the LS occurred with weaker negative wind stress curl.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.721-731
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptability to tooth structure of light-cured glass ionomer cements. In this, study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of thirty extracted human premolar teeth, and they were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 10 teeth. The cavities of each groups were filled with the Fuji II LC(GC International Corp., Japan), Vitremer(3M Dental Products Division, U.S.A) and VariGlass VLC(Caulk/Dentsply Inc., U.S.A.). The specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution and stored in 100% realtive humidity at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. And then, the specimens sectioned buccolingually. Degree of eke penetration at tooth--restoration interfaces were examined by magnifying glass at occlusal and gingival margin. The results were as follows : 1. On the occlusal margin, among the experimental groups, the group 2 showed the lowest microleakage($1.40{\pm}1.17$) and the group 1 showed the highest microleakage($3.10{\pm}0.99$). There was significant difference between group 1 and group 2(P<0.01). 2. On the gingival margin, among the experimental groups, the group 2 showed the lowest microleakage($2.50{\pm}1.08$) and the group 1 showed the highest microleakage($3.50{\pm}0.84$). But there was not significant. difference among the experimental groups(P>0.05). 3. The degree of microleakage at occlusal margin was less than gingival margin in all experimental groups.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the relationship of stomatal responses, photosynthesis, and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration( $C_{i}$) of Betula Species to ozone exposure. Five Betula Species(B. costata, B. davurica, B. schmidtii, B. platyphylla var, iaponica and B, ermani) were grown in the greenhouse. One-year-old potted seedlings of the five Betula Species were exposed to ozone(100 pub) for 8 hours da $y^{-1}$ for 5 weeks in a fumigation chamber. Net photosynthesis was significantly different among species and treatments from early in the period of the fumigation. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate differences among species and treatments became significant after three weeks of fumigation. $C_{i}$ was significantly different only among treatments; $C_{i}$ of four species, except for B. davurica, was higher than that of control plants. Carboxylation efficiency and photo-respiration rate were significantly different among species or treatments; carboxylation efficiency and photo-respiration rate of the five Betula Species were decreased by ozone treatment. It was concluded that stomatal closure of Betula Species may be the result of the reduction of photosynthesis and rubisco activity and the resulting increase of $C_{i}$. The higher $C_{i}$ likely resulted from reduced photosynthesis because of physiological processes.ocesses.