• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 2003

Solid-phase refolding of immobilized proteins can be an effective way to reuse an immobilized enzyme column. Oriented immobilization methods are known to provide higher activity of the immobilized enzymes. In this study, using recombinant EK (enterokinase) as a model enzyme and a fusion protein, that consisted of recombinant human growth hormone and six His tag that was linked by the peptide of EK-specific recognition sequence, as a model substrate, we evaluated two oriented immobilization methods, i. e., reductive alkylation of N-terminus ${\alpha}$-amine and affinity interaction between poly-histidine tag and Ni-NTA (nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid). The immobilization yield, activity and cleavage of the immobilized enzymes, and the yield of solid-phase refolding were compared. The Ni affinity immobilization and the covalent immobilization yields were about 100％ and 65％, respectively. But the specific activities were the same, about 50％ of that of the soluble enzyme. The cleavage rate by the covalently immobilized EK was higher than the soluble enzyme and the side reaction of cryptic cleavage was significantly decreased. Covalently immobilized EK showed almost 100％ refolding yield but the affinity immobilized EK showed only 70％ yield, which suggested the covalent conjugation provided more rigid ‘reference structure’ for the solid-phase refolding. The monomeric hGH could be easily obtained by capturing the cleaved poly Histidine tag by the Ni affinity column.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2001

In this study, the characteristics of pH variations and contaminant distribution in soil are investigated during electrokinetic treatment for the purpose of restoring contaminated soil with heavy metal. For these objects, laboratory test for the kaolin contaminated by lead was performed. During electrokinetic treatment, lead was transported from anode to cathode. And 75% of lead removed within 80% region of the specimen. Most lead, however, that transported from anode to cathode precipitated in the vicinity of cathode compartment, thus the amount of lead removed by electroosmosis was little. Electrokinetic treatment satisfied regulation criteria of Korean Soil Environment Conservation Law within almost region of the specimen. But enhancement methods can be regarded as inevitable requisite for the cathode region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2004

Feasibility of electrokinetic(EK)-Fenton process and Ozone chemical oxidation were investigated for tile removal of organic contaminants and heavy metals from the contaminated soil. In EK-Fenton process, accumulated electroosmotic flow(EOF) was 80 L for 26 days. Removal efficiency of TPH, As, and Ni were 61%, 36%, and 47%, respectively. The concentration of As was high near the anode due to the transport of anionic As toward the anode, while the concentration of Ni was high near the cathode by the movement of cationic Ni to the cathode. Field scale application of in-situ ozonation was carried out for removal of TPH in 3-D test cell (3 m$\times$2 m$\times$2 m). After 25 days of ozone injection, more than 80% of removal rate was observed through the test cell.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2016

At the first time in South Korea, the state of the art acoustic systems were mounted on the R/V Tamgu 21. The acoustic systems are an EK80 broadband echosounder (18, 38, 70, 120, 200 and 333 kHz) which has two beam modes such as continuous wave (narrowband) and frequency modulation (broadband), an ME70 multibeam echosounder (70-120 kHz), and a SH90 sonar (111.5-115.5 kHz). Acoustic data from broadband mode have a very short range resolution, a large detection range, a high signal to noise ratio, and a wide and consecutive frequency response. In ME70, each individual beam consisted in a multibeam plays a role as a spilt beam. The first trial of the cutting edge acoustic system installed on the R/V Tamgu 21 was conducted from 15 Feb to 29 Feb 2016 in East Sea, South Sea and East China Sea. The properties of the acoustic systems were elucidated and exploratory results from three systems were exhibited. Lastly, issues which should be considered and future research plan are mentioned.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.1260-1266
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• 2009

Purpose : Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be clinically classified as steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant. The detailed mechanism of glucocorticoid action in NS is currently unknown. Methods : In this study, we investigated 3 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ER22/23EK, N363S, and BclI) of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (the NR3C1 gene) in 190 children with NS using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and analyzed the correlation between the genotypes and clinicopathologic features of the patients. Results : Eighty patients (42.1%) were initial steroid nonresponders, of which 31 (16.3% of the total) developed end-stage renal disease during follow-up. Renal biopsy findings of 133 patients were available, of which 36 (31.9%) showed minimal changes in NS and 77 (68.1%) had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The distribution of the BclI genotypes was comparable between the patient and control groups, and the G allele frequencies in both the groups were almost the same. The ER22/23EK and N363S genotypes were homogenous as ER/ER and NN, respectively, in all the patients and in 100 control subjects. The BclI genotype showed no correlation with the NS onset age, initial steroid responsiveness, renal pathologic findings, or progression to end-stage renal disease. Conclusion : These data suggested that the ER22/23EK, N363S, and BclI SNPs in the NR3C1 gene do not affect the development of NS, initial steroid responsiveness, renal pathologic lesion, and progression to end-stage renal disease in Korean children with NS.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2004

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was applied to the epidemiological investigation of 21 Candida tropicalis isolates collected from urine specimens of 11 patients and one healthcare worker, in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-month period. Seventeen epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients were also tested to determine the discriminatory power of PFGE. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (REAG), using two restriction enzymes (BssHII and SfiI). The EK pattern was the same in all 38 isolates, while REAG using SfiI separated the isolates into nine types. However, 16 different PFGE types were iden-tified by REAG with BssHII, and the same results were obtained when the results of both REAG tests were combined. In serial urinary isolates from 10 patients, all strains from each patient had the same PFGE pattern. While the epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients consisted of 13 different PFGE types, the 20 isolates from the 11 ICU patients fell into only two PFGE types (types Cl and C2), and these apparently originated from the two different outbreaks. All strains of type Cl (n = 12) were isolated from six patients, between November 1999 and January 2000, and all of the type C2 strains (n=8) were isolated from five patients, during January and February 2000. This study shows two con-secutive clusters of C. tropicalis candiduria in an ICU, defined by PFGE typing, and also demonstrates that a PFGE typing method using BssHII is perhaps the most useful method for investigating C. tropi-calis candiduria.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1023-1029
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• 2021

The Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus is one of the fish species within the total allowable catch (TAC) system which requires further investigation. In this study, the acoustic survey method was used to analyze the distribution of the Japanese common squid Todarodes pacificus across all the seas of South Korea. The sea area within Korea was investigated using the research vessels 20, 21, and 22 of the National Institute of Fisheries Science. The acoustic surveys were carried out from July to September 2019 and February to May 2020. The acoustic systems used in the survey had frequencies of 38 kHz and 120 kHz (EK60, EK80, Simrad, Norway) of the split-beam scientific echosounder. The results showed that, in spring, 277 m²/nmi² was the highest in the east sea area, and the same in the summer season 880 m²/nmi² was the highest in the east sea area. In autumn, the highest nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC) value was observed in the coastal portion of the south sea, and in winter, the NASC values were generally low in all the sea area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2003

90년대 중반부터 이동통신제품과 인터넷의 대중화에 의한 노트북 PC등 휴대용 멀티미디어제품의 수요 급증은 전자 제품의 소형화 및 복합화를 유도하였으며, 이러한 제품의 추세에 대응하기 위하여 세라믹 부품은 벌크 단품에서 적층형으로 급속하게 바뀌고 있다. 이러한 정보기기의 좀 더 낳은 생산성과 효율을 얻기 위해 소형화, 경량화 및 고기능화의 요구에 대응되는 공정으로서 부품의 표면실장기술이 80년대에 실용화되었고, 이에 따른 칩 부품의 수요도 급격히 증가하고 있다. 대표적인 칩부품중의 하나인 MLCC(Multi Layer Ceramic Capacotor)는 전자제품의 소형경량화 및 대량생산과 더불어 필수적이 수소동자로써 지금까지 그 성장세는 휴대폰과 컴퓨터생산의 빠른 증가에 EK라 매년 약 15% 정도로 증가하고 있으며, 앞으로 그 수요는 더욱더 등가 할 것이다. EH한 고용량 영역까지 용량대를 확장함으로써, 탄탈 및 알루미늄 전해콘덴서의 영역까지도 확대 형성될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 강연에서는 MLCC의 제조기술 동향과 시장에 대한 전망에 대해 소개함으로써, 하루가 다르게 발전하고 있는 전자산업의 고용량화, 초소형화, 특수품, 복합화 등의 적층부품 전반의 현황 및 발전방향 파악하는데 조금이라도 도움이 되고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.193-204
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• 2018

This study was carried out to select the optimal method of competition index computation according to the competitor selection methods and distant-dependent competition index models, and to analyze the characteristics of competition indices in terms of thinning intensity and tree density targeting Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, and Larix kaempferi, which are the major coniferous species in Korea. Data was the re-investigated tree information from 240 permanent plots of 80 sites in the stands of P. densiflora, P. koraiensis, and L. kaempferi, which were located in the national forest of Gangwon and North Gyeongsang provinces. The number of subject trees with competition index calculated were 1126 trees for P. densiflora, 4093 trees for P. koraiensis, and 3399 trees for L. kaempferi. For the best competition index computation method, three kinds of competitor selection methods were considered: basal area factor, angle of height, angle of height to crown base. Also, six kinds of competition index models were compared: Lorimer, Martin-EK, Braathe, Heygi, Daniels, and Modified Daniels, which was developed in this study. Correlation coefficient was the best when the competitor selection method of basal area factor $4m^2/ha$ and the competition index model of Modified Daniels were used, and thus, it was selected as the best method for computing competition index. According to the best method by stand characteristics, competition index decreased in all species as thinning intensity was high and tree density was low.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.60-80
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• 2004

This study aims at the observation of the Real in the Post-Lacanian theory. It is focused on two questions as ideology and fantasy. On this basis Slavoj $\v{Z}i\v{z}ek$ has rearticulated the theory of ideology by reexamining Althusser's version of it critically. The ideology is the logic of fantasy based on the foreclosure. And the ethical act of identifying with the symptom is absolutely called for in order to radically rearticulate it. The really key element in the concept is now found to be Lacanian object a, the symptom as jouissance. In additional, the two part of the study, far from belonging to two different domains, that of political analysis and artistic analysis, relate to each other like the two surfaces of a Moebius band. Finally, the role of the Lacanian real is radically ambiguous: true, it erupts in, the form of a traumatic return, derailing the balance of the Order, but it serves at the same time as a support of this very balance. The real functions here not as something that resists symbolization, as a meaningless leftover that can not be integrated into the symbolic universe, but on the contrary, as its last support.