• 청정기술
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1999

석유탈황용 균주인 Gordona sp. CYKS1을 ethylmethanesulfone 처리하여 돌연변이 균주 EID를 개발하여, dibenzothiophene(DBT) 탈황 특성을 조사하였다. EID 균주는 DBT를 2-hydroxybiphenyl(2-HBP)와 sulfate로 대사하는 4S pathway를 가지며, wild type인 CYKS1이 $2.6{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$의 탈황속도를 보이는 반면, EID균주는 $4.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$의 탈황속도를 나타내었다. 탄소원으로 공급된 glucose의 농도가 EID 균주의 DBT탈황속도에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 glucose의 농도가 증가할수록 탈황속도가 증가하였다. 또한, DBT 분해속도에 미치는 DBT의 초기 농도의 영향을 알아본 결과, 2.0 mM에서 최대 DBT 분해활성($11.1{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$)을 나타내었다. 최종 대사산물인 2-HBP와 sulfate 농도가 증가할수록 EID 균주의 DBT 분해능은 감소하였다. 0.2 mM의 2-HBP를 첨가한 배지에서는 EID 균주의 성장과 DBT 탈황능은 완전 저해 받았다. Sulfate가 0.5g/L 첨가된 조건에서의 EID 균주의 DBT 탈황속도는 $1.4{\mu}mol{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$이었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.790-800
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• 2022

Objective : EID3 (EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation) was identified as a novel member of EID family and plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer development. However, its role in glioma remained elusive. In current study, we identified EID3 as a novel oncogenic molecule in human glioma and is critical for glioma cell survival, proliferation and invasion. Methods : A total of five patients with glioma were recruited in present study and fresh glioma samples were removed from patients. Four weeks old male non-obese diabetic severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) mice were used as transplant recipient models. The subcutaneous tumor size was calculated and recorded every week with vernier caliper. EID3 and AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) expression levels were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays were performed for cell viability assessment. Trypan blue staining approach was applied for cell death assessment. Cell Apoptosis DNA ELISA Detection Kit was used for apoptosis assessment. Results : EID3 was preferentially expressed in glioma tissues/cells, while undetectable in astrocytes, neuronal cells, or normal brain tissues. EID3 knocking down significantly hindered glioma cell proliferation and invasion, as well as induced reduction of cell viability, apoptosis and cell death. EID3 knocking down also greatly inhibited tumor growth in SCID mice. Knocking down of AMPKα1 could effectively rescue glioma cells from apoptosis and cell death caused by EID3 absence, indicating that AMPKα1 acted as a key downstream regulator of EID3 and mediated suppression effects caused by EID3 knocking down inhibition. These findings were confirmed in glioma cells generated patient-derived xenograft models. AMPKα1 protein levels were affected by MG132 treatment in glioma, which suggested EID3 might down regulate AMPKα1 through protein degradation. Conclusion : Collectively, our study demonstrated that EID3 promoted glioma cell proliferation and survival by inhibiting AMPKα1 expression. Targeting EID3 might represent a promising strategy for treating glioma.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2007

The orphan nuclear receptor, SF-1, plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of the endocrine and reproductive systems, and also regulates the transcription of a host of genes, including those encoding several steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropins. We found that a previously unidentified repressor, EID-1, is an SF-1-interacting protein that inhibits the transactivation of SF-1. A transient transfection assay revealed that EID-1 inhibits SF-1, but not LRH-1, $ERR{\gamma}$, or mCAR. Using the yeast two hybrid and GST pull-down assays, we determined that EID-1 interacted strongly with SF-1. In addition, it colocalized with SF-1 in mammalian cells and interacted specifically with the AF-2 domain of SF-1, competing with SRC-1 to inhibit SF-1 transactivation. EID-1 is expressed in the mouse testis, and its expression decreases during testis development. The results of the present study suggest that EID-1 can act as a repressor, regulating the function of SF-1.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.36-53
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• 1961

This experiment was conducted on the fowl pox embryo vaccine for the production immunity, and stability, using an attenuated fowl pox virus (Nakano strin). Burnet's window method was applied, that is, 0.1 ml. of seed virus was inoculated on the chorioallantoic membrane of 12-day old chicken embryos, and incubated for 5 to 6 day, and then the result were read. Four kinds of suspensions of different embyo tissue were prepared and tested for the infectivity in chickens. Finally the suspension of chorioallantoic membrane was used as the vaccine throughout the experiment. Results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows: (1) Of embryo tissue infected with the vaccine virus, chorioallantoic membrane had the highest virus titer of $10^{-5.4}$ $EID_{50}$, and albumen the lowest titer of $10^{-0.7}$ $EID_{50}$. (2) Suspensions of infected whole embryo with or without saline, and de-embryonated whole egg had about the same virus titer of $10^{-4.4}$ $EID_{50}$, whereas the chorioallantoic membrane had $10^{-5.7}$ EID 50 or higher. The virus titer droped one log from $EID_{50}$ when inoculated into chickens. Takes were observed 35.6% of 500 chickens by stick method and 89% of 500 chickens by brush method. (3) The chorioallantoic membrane conferred almost perfect immunity for chickens by 10 days after vaccination. (4) Satisfactory immunity was observed in the chickens when eruption in a single follicle. (5) Eight of 10 vaccinated chickens revealed durable immunity for 307 days following vaccination. (6) The vacuum-dried vaccine maintained its infectiviy for 899 days at $5^{\circ}C$ or below and maintained the vius titer of $10^{-3.6}$ $EID_{50}$. On the other hand, non-desiccated wet vaccine maintained the titer of $10^{-3.0}$ $EID_{50}$ for 50 days of preservation period at $5^{\circ}$. However, in 50% glycerin-saline the infectivtiy of the same wet vaccine dropped to $10^{-1.5}$ $EID_{50}$ (7) The vartation of virus titer of the vaccine before and after desiccation was $10^{-0.5}$ $EID_{50}$ on the average. (8) As suspending media, 0.85 per cent saline and distilled water showed nearly the same effect on the infectivity of the vaccine by retaining the titer $10^{-3.0}$ $EID_{50}$ after 50 days of preservation both at $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, while 50 percent cent glycerine-saline dropped the titer to $10^{-2.5}$ EID and $10^{-1.5}$ $EID_{50}$ respectively at $5^{\circ}C$ and $2^{\circ}C$ after the same period.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objective: This study proposes the application of Ecological Interface Design(EID) method that is effective for situation awareness in digitalized environment. Background: While cognitive interface design method such as Information Rich Display(IRD) is simply focused on existing information for user, EID method helps users' resource to be solved to higher ion task such as diagnostic and problem solving. Method: Using EID method based on Work Domain Analysis (WDA), it was analyzed and designed for Steam Generator(SG) Water Level control process in a digitalized Main Control Room of Nuclear Power Plant. Proposed EID example is evaluated through interviews by expert & operator. Results: The result of expert & operator showed that EID display might give an aid for operator's decision. Conclusion: The results can reduce critical accidental damage that occurred due to cognitive load and so critical human error. Application: This study may be impact on situation awareness study for digitalized interface design.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

This study aims to propose a conceptual design of information displays for supporting responsive actions under severe accidents in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Severe accidents in NPPs can be defined as accident conditions that are more severe than a design basis accident and involving significant core degradation. Since the Fukushima accident in 2011, the management of severe accidents is increasing important in nuclear industry. Dealing with severe accidents involves several cognitively complex activities, such as situation assessment; accordingly, it is significant to provide human operators with appropriate knowledge support in their cognitive activities. Currently, severe accident management guidelines (SAMG) have been developed for this purpose. However, it is also inevitable to develop information displays for supporting the management of severe accidents, with which human operators can monitor, control, and diagnose the states of NPPs under severe accident situations. It has been reported that Ecological Interface Design (EID) framework can be a viable approach for developing information displays used in complex socio-technical systems such as NPPs. Considering the design principles underlying the EID, we can say that EID-based information displays can be useful for dealing with severe accidents effectively. This study developed a conceptual design of information displays to be used in severe accidents, following the stipulated design process and principles of the EID framework. We particularly attempted to develop a conceptual design to make visible the principle knowledge to be used for coping with dynamically changing situations of NPPs under severe accidents.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to suggest the direction of follow-up research by comparing and analyzing studies related to emerging infectious diseases (EID) in the field of nursing published in Korea since 2000 and before the outbreak of COVID-19 to identify overall themes and trends. Methods: The data search period was limited to papers from 2000 to 2019, and a literature review was conducted through a domestic DB search. 1574 papers extracted through search terms were excluded according to the criteria, and the final 39 papers were selected and analyzed. Results: Nursing studies related to EID consisted of 35 quantitative studies and most of them were descriptive research studies. As for specific disease types, MERS accounted for the largest number with 22, followed by 11 influenza A, 4 EID and 2 SARS. Nurses were the most common subjects with 19 cases (48.7%), and the number of study subjects was 200 or more, 23 cases (59.0%). The outcome variables of the analysis target literature were infection prevention behavior performance, knowledge, attitude, stress, anxiety, nursing intention, and infection control. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in suggesting the direction of follow-up research by identifying the trends in EID research.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1006-1016
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• 2023

Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. Results: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0-4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0-4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.566-570
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• 2020

The present paper computes the refractive indices of different corona viruses (H5N1, H5N2, H9N2, H4N6, FAdV and IBV) through reflectance analysis of a virus solution. The computational analysis indicates that the refractive indices of all viruses are negative at the signal of 412 nm. Further the numerical output shows that the infectious bronchitis viruses (family of novel corona viruses, COVID-19) have higher negative refractive indices as compared to other corona viruses. Finally refractive indices of the family of COVID-19 are investigated with respect to the EID (Electronic infusion Device) concentration of the viruses, showing that the refractive index which ranges from "-0.96725 to -0.999998" corresponds to '0.01 to 10000' EID virus concentration.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.4147-4157
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• 2015

전장 환경이 변화함에 따라 무기체계에 다양한 기능이 탑재되고 있다. 이와 함께 무기체계의 이상 유무를 진단하는 무기체계점검장비 또한 이전보다 더 복잡하고 수많은 정보를 다루게 되었다. 하지만, 대부분의 무기체계점검장비는 개발자 중심으로 설계되어있다. 이 때문에, 운용자가 점검장비 디스플레이에 전시되는 정보들을 파악하여 무기체계의 이상 유무를 판단하기 쉽지 않다. 따라서, 점검장비 운용자의 인지부하를 줄이고, 무기체계의 안전한 점검을 수행할 수 있도록 무기체계점검장비 디스플레이를 개발하였다. 이를 위해 생태학적 인터페이스 디자인 기법을 적용하였다. 작업영역분석을 통해 작업영역 모델을 개발하고, 요구정보를 추출하여 무기체계점검장비 디스플레이를 개발하였다. 새로운 디스플레이의 가장 큰 장점은 사용자가 수행하는 점검과 점검장비의 상태를 직관적으로 확인할 수 있다는 것이다. 본 연구 결과로 제시된 디스플레이를 활용하여 운용자가 보다 효율적이고 안전하게 임무를 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.