• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1137-1145
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• 2016

The system for measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal occurring at the sweet glands in the human body was implemented in this study. The EDA measurement system (EDAMS) consisted of an algometer and the bio-potential measurement system (BPMS). Three experiments were performed using EDAMS. First, the linearity of the output voltage corresponding to the pressure being applied to an algometer was evaluated. The linearity of output voltage according to the pressure was 0.956. Second, the amplitude and the latency of the EDA signal at the left palm was obtained while applying the pressure stimuli to the left and right scapula. The latency of EDA signal was shorter whereas the amplitude of EDA signal was higher when the pressure applied was applied to the left scapula. Third, the amplitude and latency of the EDA was measured at left and right palm while increasing the pressure stimuli to the left scapula. The latency of EDA signal at left and right palm was decreased according to the intensity of pressure stimulus applied to the left scapula. However, the latency of the EDA signals did not show the linearity with respect to the pressure stimuli.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

A system for measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal occurring at the sweat glands in the left palm and left finger of the human body was implemented in this study. The EDA measurement system (EDAMS) consisted of an algometer, a biopotential measurement system (BPMS), and a PC. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the function and clinical applicability of EDAMS. First, an experiment was carried out on the linearity of the voltage and the pressure that comprised the output signals of the algometer used for applying a pressure stimulus. Second, the amplitude of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the amplitude of the EDA signal increased. The amplitude of the EDA signal at the left palm was observed to be greater than that at the left finger. The amplitude of the EDA signal was observed to increase in a relatively linear relation with the intensity of the pressure stimuli. In addition, the latency of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the latency of the EDA signal decreased. The latency of the EDA signal at the palm was observed to be less than that at the finger. The latency of the EDA signal was observed to decrease nonlinearly with the pressure stimuli.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2005

Electrodermal activity(EDA) is a bio-electric signal which occurs at the skin surface during the sweating. EDA reflects the activity of the sympathetic axis of the autonomic nervous system. EDA is associated with the eccrine sweat gland at the palmar and plamar surface. This study was aimed to characterize the relationship between EDA and auditory stimulus intensities. Acoustic stimulus used in this study were 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz of narrow band noise, which were representative of speech frequencies in audible range. Stimulus intensity between 90 and 30 dB in 10 dB within dynamic range. After deriving the minimum stimulus intensity(threshold of skin potential) which elicited skin potential, and then the latency and amplitude were derived from waveform of skin potential, each latency and amplitude were compared to stimulus intensity. The waveform of skin potential were recorded stably, and the threshold of skin potential appeared nearly the hearing threshold level of the participant. The latency was decreased and the amplitude was increased according to the increase of the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that auditory evoked skin potential can be applicable to auditory assessment and audiological diagnosis tool.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2015

Although many studies have analyzed the relationship between electrodermal activity (EDA) and sleep stages, a practical method for detecting sleep stage using EDA has not been suggested. The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for real-time automatic detection of deep sleep using the EDA signal. Simultaneously with overnight polysomnography (PSG), continuous measurement of skin conductance on the fingers was performed for ten subjects. The morphometric characteristics in the fluctuations of EDA signal were employed to establish the quantitative criteria for determining deep sleep. The 30-sec epoch-by-epoch comparison between the deep sleep detected by our method and that reported from PSG exhibited an average sensitivity of 74.6%, an average specificity of 98.0%, and an average accuracy of 96.1%. This study may address the growing need for a reliable and simple measure for identifying sleep stage without a PSG.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1247-1248
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• 2022

Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, it has become crucial to analyze the various volumes and characteristics of pedestrian pathways to understand the capacity and level of service (LOS) for pathways to promote a better walking environment. Different indicators have been developed to measure pedestrian volume. The pedestrian level of service (PLOS), tailored to analyze pedestrian pathways based on the concept of the LOS in transportation in the Highway Capacity Manual, has been widely used. PLOS is a measurement concept used to assess the quality of pedestrian facilities, from grade A (best condition) to grade F (worst condition), based on the flow rate, average speed, occupied space, and other parameters. Since the original PLOS approach has been criticized for producing idealistic results, several modified versions of PLOS have also been developed. One of these modified versions is perceived PLOS, which measures the LOS for pathways by considering pedestrians' awareness levels. However, this method relies on survey-based measurements, making it difficult to continuously deploy the technique to all the pathways. To measure PLOS more quantitatively and continuously, researchers have adopted computer vision technologies to automatically assess pedestrian flows and PLOS from CCTV videos. However, there are drawbacks even with this method because CCTVs cannot be installed everywhere, e.g., in alleyways. Recently, a technique to monitor bio-signals, such as electrodermal activity (EDA), through wearable sensors that can measure physiological responses to external stimuli (e.g., when another pedestrian passes), has gained popularity. It has the potential to continuously measure perceived PLOS. In their previous experiment, the authors of this study found that there were many significant EDA responses in crowded places when other pedestrians acting as external stimuli passed by. Therefore, we hypothesized that the EDA responses would be significantly higher in places where relatively more dynamic objects pass, i.e., in crowded areas with low PLOS levels (e.g., level F). To this end, the authors conducted an experiment to confirm the validity of EDA in inferring the perceived PLOS. The EDA of the subjects was measured and analyzed while watching both the real-world and virtually created videos with different pedestrian volumes in a laboratory environment. The results showed the possibility of inferring the amount of pedestrian volume on the pathways by measuring the physiological reactions of pedestrians. Through further validation, the research outcome is expected to be used for EDA-based continuous measurement of perceived PLOS at the alley level, which will facilitate modifying the existing walking environments, e.g., constructing pathways with appropriate effective width based on pedestrian volume. Future research will examine the validity of the integrated use of EDA and acceleration signals to increase the accuracy of inferring the perceived PLOS by capturing both physiological and behavioral reactions when walking in a crowded area.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Bell‘s Palsy is a condition that causes the facial muscles to weaken or become paralyzed. It's caused by trauma to the 7th cranial nerve, and is not permanent. The aim of this study is to be convinced of differences between facial electrodermal activities of paralyzed side and those of normal side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients Methods: Electrodermal activity (EDA) was performed within 1 week after the onset of facial palsy and facial nerve electromyography (EMG) at 2 weeks after the onset. The recovery of facial nerve function was documented by House and Brackmann grading. All the patients were followed up weekly until recovery or up to 6 weeks. Results: There was significant differences (conductivity A: t=3.319, p=0.002; conductivity C: t=2.699, p=0.010) between facial electrodermal conductivities of paralyzed side and those of normal side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients (N=45). And the result showed that logarithmic scale of electrodermal conductivity A value ratio obviousely decreased with logarithmic scale of EMG zygomatic branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.472, p=0.143); logarithmic scale of capacitance B, logarithmic scale of EMG temporal branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.422, p=0.133); logarithmic scale of conductivity C, logarithmic scale of EMG buccal branch amplitude ratio (r=-0.545, p=0.083) (N=12). Conclusion: Electrodermal conductivities increased in paralyzed facial side in acute stage of Bell's Palsy patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-22
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• 1997

This paper studies the arousal effects of aroma and warning sound using EDA(Electrodermal Activity:EDA), Aroma stimulus started at Nz value over 1.2. Warning sound was prepared according to the arousal evaluation and control criteria. As a result, the warning sound could be controlled the arousal level in all the mKSS state. Aroma stimulus was able to prevent drowsy more than warning sound in the mKSS 3 state(the first stage of drowsiness). Therefor, aroma stimulus was can be used for arousal control at that state. Futhermore, arousal control was shown to be more effective with presentation of both aroma and warning sounds than each presentation.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2023

인간의 생체 신호 데이터가 인간의 상태를 가장 잘 설명할 수 있다 할지라도 실제 운전 중에 운전자의 생체 데이터를 얻어 운전자의 상태를 판단하는 일은 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위한 방법 중 하나로 운전자의 주행 정보를 이용한 운전자 스트레스 모니터링 시스템을 제안한다. 운전자의 주행 정보는 OBD-II 스캐너를 통해 취득하고, 실제 운전자의 운전 스트레스 여부는 E4 밴드를 통해 취득한 EDA 데이터를 이용하여 판단한다. 스트레스 감지 모델은 MLP 신경망 모델을 사용하였으며 약 한 달 간의 운행 데이터를 이용하여 학습시켰다. 제안한 시스템을 평가하기 위하여 약 1시간의 운행 데이터를 사용하였고 약 92%의 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 피부전기활동을 이용한 졸음 검출시 발생되는 동잡음 제거법을 제안하였다. 운전 조작시 발생하는 동잡음을 제거할 수 없는 기존의 핸들형 전극의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 두 종류의 손목형 전극을 개발하였으며, 세 종류의 전극을 비교 실험한 결과, type I 전극을 개선한 손목형 전극 II가 동잡음 제거에 가장 효과적이었다. 가상 운전 실험을 통하여 동잡음 판별기준(IRI$\leq$10과 1.1$\leq$dNz)을 설정하고 이 기준을 동시에 만족하는 경우의 Nz값을 동잡음 발생이전의 Nz값으로서 치환하는 동잡음 제거 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 가상 및 도로 주행 실험결과 제안된 알고리즘은 동잡을 성공적으로 제거할 수 있었으며, 본 연구에서 제안된 알고리즘의 개선된 전극을 이용하여 구현된 시스템은 동일한 영향을 받지 않고 각성상태를 정확히 측정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권9호
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• pp.1286-1293
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• 2014

Typically, studies through the simulation system have been progressed, because the evaluation of the driver's arousal state about the service of a actual train has risk of safety for the driver. When configured event same as the real in simulation system, the ability to cope with an accident situation may be the same each other. But the difference in the state of tension or arousal will occur. In this study, requested to cooperate with the railways in order to escape from these constraints, and the target of the experiment was to real engineer service. I was set about experiment when the train was stopped as safe as possible. As a result, the beta wave of EEG signals that representing complex calculations or anxiety is increased rapidly on the basis of a flag station from at the time of departure. The size of the electrodermal activity signal in response to movement of the body gave a noticeable. In terms of HRV, if the train approach a flag station gradually and the R-R interval is narrowed. So that the driver can be estimated as arousal state. In accordance with this study, if the quantitative standard of arousal state be based on the driver's biosignals will provide, it will be able to take advantage of development the system that would prevent train accidents caused by human error.