• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.11c
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• pp.844-846
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• 1998

In this study, Brass endcap with 2, 3, 5, and 7mm contact surface and 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5mm conical cavity depths was fabricated by the punch die while keeping the cavity diameter constant 9.25mm then displacement characteristics of the cymbal actuators with each of brass endcap thickness were measured under an applied voltage $60V_{max}$. Dispacement increased with increasing contact surface and resonant frequency decreased with increasing contact surface, cymbal actuator with 7mm contact surface and 1.5mm endcap cavity depth exhibits $35.89{\mu}m$ displacement and 18.8kHz resonant frequency, displacement increased with increasing endcap cavity depth while contact surface was kept constant at 3mm and Below a endcap thickness of 0.2mm, Differences in displacement between 1.2mm and 1.5mm cavity depth appeared at $0.18{\mu}m$. that is, displacement of cymbal actuator with 1.2mm over cavity depth saturated nearly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1961-1966
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• 2016

Background: To investigate the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a sample of patients with prostate cancer and to determine the utility of the previously suggested cutoffs of the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) for the diagnosis of PE and that of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for ED. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,202 men with prostate cancer were invited from urology clinics at the universities of Iran, Tehran, Qazvin, Ahvaz, Guilan and Tabriz. Clinical characteristics were collected through medical records. PE and ED diagnoses were made by trained urologists. In addition to the clinical diagnoses, PE and ED were measured through self-report using the PEDT and the IIEF-5. Questionnaire cutoff scores were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and confirmed by predictive ability using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of PE was 63.7% and that of ED was 66.2%. Prevalences of PE decreased and that of ED increased with advanced TNM stages. According to ROC, the suggested cutoff for the PEDT to diagnose a PE was ${\geq}11$ (sensitivity=0.988, 1-specificity=0.084, and predictive ability=0.914) and ${\leq}17$ for the IIEF-5 (sensitivity=0.966, 1-specificity=0.031, and predictive ability=0.967). Conclusions: Prevalence of sexual problems was high in prostate cancer patients in Iran, therefore oncologists should take into account these potential problems when deciding on treatment modalities.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2019

Purpose: Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of patients visiting the emergency department (ED). Abdominal pain is caused by a variety of causes, so it is difficult for a triage nurse to determine the urgency of a patient, but it is still a must. The purpose of this study was to identify the related factors to the urgent diseases of patients with abdominal pain visiting ED. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The study setting was an ED in a tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected from September 1, 2017 to October 15, 2017. During the study period, of a total of 6,181 patients visiting the ED, 731 complained of abdominal pain. Patients with obvious cause of pain and patients who could not express detailed symptoms were excluded. The 573 patients were included in the final analysis. We collected demographics, clinical characteristics, and final diagnosis. We divided final diagnoses into urgent diseases which were more likely to be life-threatening without treatment and non-urgent diseases. We identified the related factors to the urgent diseases of patients with abdominal pain using the logistic regression. Results: 173 (30.2%) patients had urgent diseases. Age (OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.00~1.03), referral from other clinics (OR=2.92, 95% CI=1.86~4.60), ambulance utilization (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.27~3.15), diarrhea (OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.25~0.76), and tachycardia (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.44~3.58) were related to urgent diseases. Conclusion: Triage nurse should take into account the patient's age, mode of visiting, and route of visiting ED; and check the symptom of tachycardia or diarrhea.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2024

This study was conducted to determine whether level-1 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) can adequately recognize ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the emergency department (ED) and whether their ability to do so differs from that of emergency medicine physicians (EMP). From December 2022 to November 2023, patients aged 20 years or older visiting the ED with chief complaints suggesting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were enrolled. As soon as the patient arrived at the ED, a level-1 EMT conducted a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess STEMI; an EMP subsequently assessed whether to activate the percutaneous coronary intervention team. Demographic characteristics, test results, and final diagnoses were collected from the medical records. Among the 723 patients with case report forms, 720 were included in the analysis. These were categorized as follows: 117 (16.3%) with STEMI, 159 (22.1%) with non-ST-segment elevation ACS, and 444 (61.7%) with other conditions. STEMI was correctly recognized in 100 patients (91.7%) by level-1 EMTs and in 104 patients (95.4%) by EMPs (kappa=0.646). EMTs with less than 1 year of ED work experience correctly recognized 60 out of 67 STEMI patients (89.6%), which was comparable with the EMPs who recognized 65 out of 67 STEMI patients (97.0%, kappa=0.614). EMTs with more than 1 year of ED work correctly recognized 40 out of 42 STEMI patients (95.2%), and therefore performed better than EMPs, who recognized 39 out of 42 STEMI patients (92.9%, kappa=0.727). The level-1 EMTs adequately recognized STEMI using a 12-lead ECG and were in substantial agreement with the evaluations of the EMPs.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.619-629
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics between athletes and non-athletes with eating disorders (ED)/disordered eating(DE) and to investigate predictors for ED/DE. 376 female collegiate athletes and 567 college women participated in the study. After using subject selection criteria to detect ED/DE, 243 athletes were considered as either ED (n=22) or DE (n=221). In the non-athletes group, 37 cases of ED and 242 cases of DE were detected. Along with the EDEQ and EDI-2, participants completed a demographic questionnaire, SATAQ, and RSES. The results indicated that the mean seperation between the two groups with ED existed in seven variables including BMI perceived, BMI ideal, EDEQ mean, eating scale, weight scale, perfectionism, and self-esteem. In addition, the means of six variables including BMI perceived, BMI ideal, perfectionism, SATAQ score, awareness, and self-esteem were significantly different between the two groups with DE. Significant predictors for ED/DE were drive for thinness and self-esteem in the non athletes while drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, internalization, and perfectionism were the predictors in the athletes within the ED/DE group. The results suggest that drive for thinness and self-esteem were the essential predictors for ED/DE in the two groups. in the athletes with ED/DE, the predictors were more complicated than those in the non-athletes with ED/DE.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.839-844
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• 2006

Purpose : We studied clinical patterns of the febrile infants and children presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department(ED) in the general pediatric population. Method : We analyzed 1,764 infants and children who had a history of measured body temperature of $38.3^{\circ}C$ or higher, before or after arrival at Pediatric ED of Ilsan Paik Hospital from September 2004 to August 2005. We analyzed their clinical patterns, such as the frequency of febrile illness, age distribution, monthly distribution, diagnosis. Result : The frequency of the febrile illness at Pediatirc ED was 19.9 percent (1,764/8,881 cases). The percentage of admission into hospital was 26.4 percent. The most common age group presenting to Pediatric ED with febrile illness was the 12-23 months group(22.8 percent) followed by the 4-11 months group and the 2 years group. In May, the most numerous patients presented to the Pediatric ED with febrile illness. The frequency of febrile illness was significant higher in the 'Spring & Summer group' compared to the 'Autumn & Winter group'. The ratio of male to femal was 1.4:1. The most common diagnosis was acute pharyngitis(42.5 percent), followed by acute gastroenteritis (15.3 percent), pneumonia(7.0 percent). Conclusion : The frequency of the febrile illness at Pediatirc ED was 19.9 percent. The most numerous patients visited Pediatric ED in May. And, the most common age group was 12-23 months. The proportion of non-urgent disease, such as acute pharyngitis, acute gastroenteritis, acute nasopharyngitis and acute bronchitis, was high. There is a need to educate parents and improve the medical system in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.878-888
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the clinical impact of a quality improvement program including dedicated emergency radiology personnel (QIP-DERP) on the management of emergency surgical patients in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study identified all adult patients (n = 3667) who underwent preoperative body CT, for which written radiology reports were generated, and who subsequently underwent non-elective surgery between 2007 and 2018 in the ED of a single urban academic tertiary medical institution. The study cohort was divided into periods before and after the initiation of QIP-DERP. We matched the control group patients (i.e., before QIP-DERP) to the QIP-DERP group patients using propensity score (PS), with a 1:2 matching ratio for the main analysis and a 1:1 ratio for sub-analyses separately for daytime (8:00 AM to 5:00 PM on weekdays) and after-hours. The primary outcome was timing of emergency surgery (TES), which was defined as the time from ED arrival to surgical intervention. The secondary outcomes included ED length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate. Results: According to the PS-matched analysis, compared with the control group, QIP-DERP significantly decreased the median TES from 16.7 hours (interquartile range, 9.4-27.5 hours) to 11.6 hours (6.6-21.9 hours) (p < 0.001) and the ICU admission rate from 33.3% (205/616) to 23.9% (295/1232) (p < 0.001). During after-hours, the QIP-DERP significantly reduced median TES from 19.9 hours (12.5-30.1 hours) to 9.6 hours (5.7-19.1 hours) (p < 0.001), median ED LOS from 9.1 hours (5.6-16.5 hours) to 6.7 hours (4.9-11.3 hours) (p < 0.001), and ICU admission rate from 35.5% (108/304) to 22.0% (67/304) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: QIP-DERP implementation improved the quality of emergency surgical management in the ED by reducing TES, ED LOS, and ICU admission rate, particularly during after-hours.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3423-3426
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• 2016

Background: Sepsis is an emergency condition with high mortality and morbidity rate. There are limited data on the association of cancer as a risk factor for mortality in sepsis patients in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the ED, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. The study period was between January 1st and December $31^{st}$, 2014. The inclusion criteria were as follows: adult patients over 15 years of age who presented at the ED with suspicion of sepsis, received treatment at the ED, and whose blood culture was found to be positive. Clinical data were recorded from medical records including the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score (MEDS score). The primary outcome of this study was mortality at one month. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors associated with death. Results: During the study period, there were 775 eligible patients. The two most common pathogens identified from blood cultures were Staphylococcus aureus (193 patients; 24.9%) and Escherichia coli (158 patients; 20.4%). At one month after presenting at the ED, 110 patients (14.2%) had died. There were four significant factors for death, having cancer, being on an endotracheal tube, initial diagnosis of bacteremia, and high MED scores. Having cancer had an adjusted OR of 2.12 (95% CI of 1.29, 3.47). Conclusions: Cancer patients have double the risk of mortality if presenting with sepsis at the ED.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.334-340
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• 2017

A pilot-scale electrodialysis system was designed and constructed to treat groundwater polluted with arsenic and manganese. Synthetic groundwater, in which some amount of arsenic and manganese was added to make 500 mg/L of Mn and $50{\mu}g/L$ of As, was used as a feed for the ED system. The limiting current density, linear water velocity, applied voltage, and membrane surface area were investigated to obtain efficient and economic operation of the ED system. The linear water velocity was increased 0.74 cm/s to 11 cm/s based on evaluation of limiting current density. The water quality of diluate for 85 minutes of operation was satisfied with water quality criteria for drinking water using the ED system with 14 pairs of ion exchange membranes. The increased membrane pairs to 21 and 42 pairs were very effective to reduce conductivities of the diluate. The operation cost of the ED system was assessed using specific energy consumption, which was $1.065{\sim}1.2kWh/m^3$. Considering low salt concentrations of the groundwater, improvement of the ED system are required to increase current utilization and to apply low voltage while the ED system was applicable to produce drinking water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal length of time to observe patients with contrast media anaphylaxis in the Emergency Department. Methods: This study included the patients of all age groups who presented with anaphylaxis due to contrast media to the ED of Pusan National University Hospital from January 2006 to August 2009. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the 100 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Their median age was 55 (46-62), and 38 out of the 100 patients (38%) were male. Results: The most common symptom of patients was urticaria. Corticosteroid and H1 antihistamine were given to most of the patients in the ED. All were discharged after observation in the ED and none were admitted to the ward. The average time from injection of the contrast media to the onset of symptom was 31 minutes (24-39) and the average time to symptom recovery was 127 minutes (89-188). The mean observation time in the ED was 93 minutes (59-153). Biphasic reactions were reported in only one case (1/100, 1%). Conclusion: These results suggest that patients who present with an anaphylactic reaction after radiologic studies that use intravenous contrast media can be safely discharged early from the ED because the symptom recovery time is not long and a biphasic reaction is rare.