• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.411-411
• /
• 2011

KSTAR 토카막 플라즈마의 전자온도 측정을 위한 전자 사이클로트론 방출(ECE) 진단계가 완성되어 KSTAR 3차 운전기간 동안 전자온도를 측정하였다. ECE 진단계는 2단의 헤테로다인 수신기 2개와 75채널의 RF 검출기 그리고 비디오 증폭기로 이루어져있다. 2개의 헤테로다인 수신기의 주파수 범위는 각각 110 GHz~162 GHz, 164 GHz~196 GHz 이며 163 GHz multiplexer에 의해 ECE power를 나눠갖는다. 각 채널 사이의 주파수 간격은 1 GHz이며 토로이달 자장을 2.5T로 운전한다면 플라즈마 반경방향의 모든 위치에서 측정이 가능하다. 또한 시간분해능도 100 kHz로 우수하여 반경방향의 전자온도분포의 시간 변화를 측정할 수 있다. 이 포스터에서는 2010년 KSTAR 실험동안 반경위치에 대한 전자온도를 측정과 sawtooth, ELM 등 MHD 현상 관측 결과에 대해 발표하였다. 그리고 중성빔(NB) 가열을 하는 동안 나타난 H-mode 때 전자온도의 변화도 살펴보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2002.04b
• /
• pp.1385-1388
• /
• 2002

인터넷의 기하 급수적인 발전과 더불어 네트워크 기반의 서비스가 확대되고 있다. 따라서 이전까지의 호스트 기반의 네트워크 관리와 더불어 트래픽 기반의 네트워크 관리가 요구되고 있으며, 이에 본 논문에서는 트래픽 기반의 네트워크 관리 시스템에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 현재 개발된 시스템과 같은 단순한 트래픽의 모니터링과 분석뿐만 아니라 통계 정보를 제공하는 시스템을 제안하고, 시스템의 설계와 구현에 대하여 논의한다. 본 시스템은 프로토콜의 발신지와 목적지 그리고 프로토콜의 크기 등의 분석과 통계를 제공함으로서, 네트워크의 성능 뿐 아니라 장애 및 보안 관리에도 유용할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2013.11a
• /
• pp.46-47
• /
• 2013

지난 수십년 동안 휴대기기 시장의 다양한 요구에 맞추어 임베디드 시스템 기술이 발전되어 왔다. 현재의 임베디드 시스템은 작은 크기의 특화된 하드웨어를 차용하면서도 높은 효율의 성능을 저가에 제공할 수 있는 기술들이 핵심을 이루고 있다. 이러한 핵심 기술들 중의 하나가 다중 메모리 뱅크이다. 예를 들면, 이중 메모리 뱅크는 같은 공간에 두 배의 메모리 대역폭의 제공할 수 있는 특징을 갖는다. 이러한 특징은 이중포트 메모리에 비하여 적은 비용으로 동일한 대역폭을 제공할 수 있는 장점을 제공한다. 그러나 현재까지도 다중 메모리 뱅크의 효율적인 사용을 지원하는 소프트웨어 기술은 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중 메모리 뱅크의 활용 문제를 간섭 그래프 (interference graph)를 이용하여 효과적으로 해결하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2024

Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity and thus avoiding intersymbol interference without entailing the receiver to be aware of the transmission strategy making the signal more reliable achieving full diversity gain in cooperative systems. Here the analyzation of the influence of CDD-SC scheme in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is done with the challenge of overcoming the complication called channel estimation along with overhead in CNR. More specifically, the closed-form expressions for outage probability and symbol error rate are divided under different frequencies among independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) frequency selective fading channel model i.e., the signal is divided into different frequencies and transmitted among several narrow band channels of different characteristics. It is useful in the reduction of interference and crosstalk. The results reveal the diversity order of the proposed system to be mainly affected by the number of multipath components that are available in the CNR.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2024

The present study concerns a removal of chloride ions and structural behaviour of concrete beam at electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE). The electrochemical properties included 1000 mA/m2 current density for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. It was found that an increase in the duration of ECE resulted in an increase in the extraction rate of chlorides, in the range of 35-85%, irrespective of chloride contamination. In structural behaviour, the strength and maximum bending moment of specimen was always lowered by ECE. Moreover, the flexural rigidity and bending stiffness were reduced by the loss of effective cross-section area in the linear elastic range. Simultaneously, the inertia moment was substantially subjected to 70% loss of the cross-section by the tensile strain at the condition of the failure. However, a lower rate of the inertia moment reduction was achieved by ECE, implying the higher resistance to the cracking, but the higher risk of deformation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.11C
• /
• pp.1030-1036
• /
• 2006

In this paper, we present two methods of correcting bit errors in constant amplitude multi-code (CAMC) CDMA, which uses the redundant bits only. The first method is a parity-based bit correction with hard-decision, where the received signals despread into n two-dimensional structure with both horizontal parity and vertical parity. Then, an erroneous bit is corrected for each $4{\times}4$ pattern. The second method is a turbo decoding, which is modified from the decoding of a single parity check product code (SPCPC). Experimental results show that, in the second method, the redundant bits in CAMC can be fully used for the error correction and so they are not really a loss of channel bandwidth. Hence, CAMC provides both a low peak-to-average power ratio and robustness to bit errors.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2007

This paper evaluates the performance combining space-time transmit diversity (STTD) and an efficient channel estimator (ECE) for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems in various mobile channels. Using decision variable (DV), we also derive the analytic bit error rate (BER) and mean square error (MSE) for WCDMA applying ECE for STTD schemes. The simulation results show that the ECE performance is superior to the previous works in [1] as because we use additional pilot diversity which is so called secondary common control physical channel (S-CCPCH). The performance in case of the channel estimator using only one-channel or two-channel is worse than that of an ECE as about the maximum 4 dB at BER 1.0E-3 satisfying voice service over Rician fading channel. Our results show that, even with ICE, an ECE algorithm are effective in improving the output SNR and significantly reduce the error floor. In addition, the simulation results investigated in this paper also reveal that WCDMA combining an ECE and the STTD scheme could provide appreciable performance improvements in Rayleigh fading channel.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.631-642
• /
• 2024

The present study concerns the corrosion mitigation of electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) in concrete structure. Concrete specimen was fabricated with 5.0% chloride in cast, while the other specimen was exposed to 4.0M NaCl solution for 1 year to accelerate corrosion of steel. Then, the ECE was applied to the concrete specimen with 1000 mA/m² of the current density for 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. During the ECE, the corrosion current density and corrosion potential were regularly monitored. As a result, the ECE was very effective in mitigating the degree of corrosion on the steel surface. The corrosion current density was significantly reduced from thousands to decades mA/m², while the corrosion potential was mostly shifted to positive direction. Assuming that the corrosion starts at 1.0 mA/m² of the corrosion current density or/and -275 mV vs SCE of the corrosion potential, the ECE could not fully achieve the repassivation of the steel, although its degree was lowered more or less depending on the duration of the treatment and type of chloride contamination. A visual examination confirmed that an increase in the duration of the treatment could lower the rust formation, but never fully removed all rust stains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.584-591
• /
• 2021

Marine algae (seaweed) encompass numerous groups of multicellular organisms with various shapes, sizes, and colors, and serve as important sources of natural bioactive substances. The brown alga Ecklonia cava Kjellman, an edible seaweed, contains many bioactives such as phlorotannins and fucoidans. Here, we evaluated the antioxidative, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects of E. cava extract (ECE), E. cava phlorotannin-rich extract (ECPE), and the phlorotannin dieckol on neuronal PC-12 cells. The antioxidant capacities of ECPE and ECE were 1,711.5 and 1,050.4 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the ABTS assay and 704.0 and 474.6 mg vitamin C equivalents/g in the DPPH assay, respectively. The dieckol content of ECPE (58.99 mg/g) was approximately 60% higher than that of ECE (36.97 mg/g). Treatment of PC-12 cells with ECPE and ECE increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Intracellular oxidative stress in PC-12 cells due to ECPE and ECE decreased dose-independently by up to 63% and 47%, respectively, compared with the stress control (323%). ECPE reduced the production of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 more effectively than ECE. Early and late apoptosis in PC-12 cells were more effectively decreased by ECPE than ECE treatments. From the results obtained in this study, we concluded that ECPE, which is rich in phlorotannins, including the marker compound dieckol, may be applied to the development of functional materials for improving cognition and memory.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.513.2-513
• /
• 2001