• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2021

울릉 연안바다목장 사업은 조성사업을 위해 5년(2013~2017년) 동안 총 50억원(국비 25억+지방비 25억)의 사업비가 투입되어 어장조성, 자원조성, 종자방류, 효과조사 등을 수행하였다. 경제적 편익은 크게 어업순소득 증대효과와 어업 생산비용 절감 효과를 포함한 직접적 효과와 유어낚시 편익 증대효과와 연안바다생태계의 보존가치를 포함한 간접적 효과로 구성한다. 증분율(1안)을 바탕으로 분석한 결과 현존량 평균기준과 총량기준에 의한 어류어업 순소득 증대효과는 '283,958.79천원/년'으로 추정되었고, 어류어업 생산비용 절감효과는 '51,695.46천원/년', 비어류어업의 생산비용 절감효과는 '6,420.65천원/년'으로 추정되었다. 울릉군 유어낚시객 263명을 대상으로 조사한 결과 1년 동안 울릉도 유어낚시 횟수는 평균 7.9회, 1일 유어낚시 어획량은 평균 5.85kg, 왕복여행비용은 평균 659만원, 조획증가율은 평균 12.7%, 가계소득은 평균 462.8만원인데, 이에 따른 울릉도 연안바다목장의 유어낚시의 연간 경제적 편익은 '29,944.75천원/년'으로 추정되었다. 이와 같이 울릉도 연안바다목장 경제성 분석결과 시장가치만을 적용한 보수적 경제성 분석에 의하면 사회적 할인율 4.5%에서의 순현재가치(NPV)는 -1.25억원, 내부수익률(IRR)은 4.30%, 편익/비용비율(B/C ratio)은 0.98로 평가되어 경제적 타당성을 약간 확보하지 못하고 있다. 비시장가치를 포함한 확대된 경제적 타당성 분석결과는 순현재가치가 30.9억원, 내부수익률이 11.3%, 편익/비용비율이 1.49으로 보존가치를 포함할 경우 보수적 방법에 의한 것보다 상당한 경제성을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.796-802
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• 2014

South Korea is recently under serious situation in supplying electricity with enough power reserve. A single fault of power plant at a peak-load time may lead to a total blackout for whole area connected by a single electric grid and isolated from other grids. Despite of the seriousness of blackout, however, there are scarce studies with ex-ante analysis of the economic costs from blackout. In order to evocate the seriousness, we calculate the economic costs for both industrial and household sectors with using some survey data and statistical methodologies. As a result, total economic costs are 39.23 trillion KRW (35.83 trillion KRW for industrial sector, 3.40 trillion KRW for household sector).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2001

Objective : To estimate the annual economic costs attributable to cigarette smoking in Korea. Methods : The costs were classified as being direct medical and non-medical costs, indirect costs and others. We focused on those costs related that are incurred in the treatment of selected diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and cancers), which have been proven to be caused by smoking. In addition to the basic costs of treatment, the additional amount of costs occurred due to smoking was obtained by computing the population attributable risk (PAR%) caused by smoking. To compute the PAR%, relative risks of smoking to the number of outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and the death were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model, respectively. Our major data source was the 'Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) cohort study,' which was composed of a total of 115,682 male and 67,932 female beneficiaries who had complete records of their smoking histories in the year of 1992. Results : The annual costs that could be attributable to smoking were estimated to be in the range of 2,847,500 million Won to 3,959,100 million Won. The maximum estimate of 3,959,100 million Won includes 233,100 million Won for medical costs, 5,100 million Won for transportation costs, 27,600 million Won for care giver's economic costs, 69,100 million Won in productivity loss, 3,435,000 million Won lost because of premature death, 172,100 million Won in costs resulting from passive smoke inhalation and 17,100 million Won for costs that resulted from fires that were caused by careless smoking. Conclusion : Our study confirms that the magnitude of the economic burden of smoking to Korean society is substantial. Therefore, this study provides strong evidence that there is a strong need for a national policy of tobacco control in Korea.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2002

This paper is aimed to analyze how to evaluate the choice of optimal management measures and level of control in fisheries management under the costly and imperfect management system by comparing with costless and perfect management system that is commonly assumed in the analysis of fisheries regulations. Fishermen would set the level of fishing efforts at the point where the marginal fishing profit for fishing effort is equal to the marginal level of fine under costly and imperfect management system. Therefore, under the case where the marginal fishing profit is higher than the marginal level of fine, the level of fishing efforts would be made at the point which is higher than the level of fishing efforts made under costless and perfect management system and is not a point where the economic profit is maximized in regulated fisheries. From this conclusion, the fishermens avoidance activities against regulations as well as the level of control in fisheries management substantially have an influence on the choice of fisheries management instruments. According to the analysis of optimal fisheries management policy, the economic profits in regulated fisheries are determined by the level of fisheries enforcement costs and total fishing profits, in which as enforcement costs increase the economic profits decrease. In addition, the economic profits vary in response to the level of control in avoidance activities. That is, as avoidance costs decrease, the economic profits increase. The determination of optimal level of control in fisheries management should be made at the point where the marginal regulation costs are equal to the marginal profits from regulated fisheries, in which marginal regulation costs are different according to the type of management measures. And the level of profits changes in response to different levels of avoidance activities. The management measure that can maximize the difference between the marginal regulation costs and marginal profits from regulated fisheries should be chosen as an optimal fisheries management instrument.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this study is to estimate the economic costs of cancer on society. Methods : We estimated the economic burden of people with cancer in South Korea. To perform the analysis, we reviewed the records of people who were cancer patients and those who were newly diagnosed with cancer. The data was compiled from the National Health Insurance Corporation, which included the insurance claims database, a list of cancer patients, a database that records the cancer rates, the Korea Central Cancer Registry Center s cancer patient registry database and the Korea National Statistical Office s causes of death database. We classified the costs as related to cancer into direct costs and indirect costs, and we estimated each cost. Direct costs included both medical and non-medical care expenses and the indirect costs consisted of morbidity, mortality and the caregiver's time costs. Results : The total economic costs of cancer in South Korea stood at 14.1 trillion won in 2005. The largest amount of the cost 7.4 trillion won, was the mortality costs. Following this were the morbidity costs (3.2 trillion won), the medical care costs (2.2 trillion won), the non-medical care costs (1.1 trillion won) and the costs related to the caregiver's time (100 billion won). As a result, the economic cost of cancer to South Korea is estimated to be between 11.6 trillion won to 14.1 trillion won for the year 2005. Conclusions : We need to reduce the cancer burden through encouraging people to undergo early screening for cancer and curing it in the early stage of cancer, as well as implementing policies to actively prevent cancer.

• 청정기술
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

자동차에서 배출되는 대기오염 물질로 인하여 인체 건강과 일상 활동이 막대한 피해를 입고 있어 대기오염 물질을 저감하기 위한 새로운 친환경 자동차나 자동차 개조 장치의 개발과 적용이 필요하다. 하지만 이러한 기술의 환경적 편익과 비용이 기존의 경제성 평가에서는 반영되지 않아 친환경기술의 보급에 장애가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 자동차에서 발생하는 대기오염 물질이 우리 사회에 끼치는 사회적 비용을 고려하여 친환경기술의 경제적 타당성을 평가하는 방법론을 제안하고, 이 방법론의 적용성과 타당성을 보여주기 위해 사례연구를 실시하였다. 현재 국내에서는 대기오염 물질의 사회적 비용이 평가되지 않았기 때문에 유럽에서 평가한 사회적 단위비용을 바탕으로 국내 자동차 배출가스 측정기준, 구매력 지수, 환율, 소비자 물가지수를 이용하여 국내에서 활용가능한 사회적 단위비용을 도출함으로써 경제적 타당성 평가에 활용할 수 있게 하였다. 사례연구에서는 경유버스를 개조하여 경유와 압축천연가스를 함께 사용할 수 있도록 하는 혼소시스템 기술에 대해 대기오염 물질의 사회적 비용을 포함한 경제성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 방법론은 자동차뿐만 아니라 다양한 친환경 기술, 사업, 정책의 타당성을 평가하는 데 활용될 수 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1983

This study has examined the principle of rationalization as a guiding principle in fisheries management. Generally speaking, the guiding principle of business management is the principle of profitability which is oriented to the profit maximization, but it has been insisted by Dr, Mohri that the principle of profitability should be translated into the maximization of ratio of added value on gross capital, According to Dr. Durcker, added value (contributed value) can be used to analyze productivity only if the allocation of costs which together make up the figures is economically meaningful. Therefore, the rationalization of fisheries management can be measured as a result of economic allocation of costs, The analysis of economic allocation of costs divides into macro-allocation of costs and micro-allocation of costs. In fisheries management, the former makes use of the analysis of break-even point, and the latter analyzes the efficiency of individual cost respectively and the state of division of costs which allocate into above-the-line expenses of lay system and management's burden expenses. In macro-allocation of costs, it is advisable that fixed costs be converted into variable costs. This is characteristically possible in fisheries management, because wages belong to variable costs in fisheries management while they are regarde as fixed cost in the other industires. Because we could find that all costs would belong to above-the-line expenses, in micro-allocation analysis, the very costs which are directly related to fisherman's poduction activity should be classified into above-the-line expenses, and the other costs into management's burden expenses. This is a central problem in the rationalization of fisheries management.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2022

This study attempted to estimate the amount of expenditure per capita of visitors to the Mongsanpo fishing village tourism festival, and quantitatively measure how much the festival contributes to the local and national economy through input-output model. The analysis data used 302 questionnaires, excluding missing questionnaires, surveyed on festival visitors from April 21 to May 7, 2018, during the 9th Mongsanpo port webfoot octopus and seafood festival. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, analyzing the average expenditure per person of festival visitors, it shows that the average one-person festival visitor consumes KRW 129,519: entertainment costs KRW 5,672 (4.4%), accommodation costs KRW 16,860 (13.0%), food costs KRW 74,791 (57.7%), transportation costs KRW 21,646 (16.7%), shopping costs KRW 6,788 (5.2%), and other costs KRW 3,762 (2.9%). Among the expenditures of festival visitors, the proportion of food expenses was the highest, and transportation costs and accommodation costs were in order. Second, based on the actual expenses spent by visitors at the fishing village tourism festival, the direct economic effect of the Mongsanpo fishing village festival was estimated be approximately KRW 14.8 billion. Third, as a direct and indirect economic impact effect of the Mongsanpo fishing village tourism festival in 2018, the amount of production induced in the local and national economies was estimated at KRW 33.3 billion, and the amount of value-added inducement was estimated at 11.3 billion won, and employment inducement reached 272 people, which is considered to contribute greatly to the national economy. This study quantitatively analyzes and provides the extent to which the fishing village tourism festival using local specialized fisheries directly or indirectly contribute to the local and national economy. Thus, it is expected to serve as useful information by providing basic information on business feasibility required for budgeting for local fishing tourism festivals.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.561-574
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• 2006

This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.389-416
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• 2020

This paper provides empirical evidence on the reorganization of GVCs in East Asia, highlighting that structural trends explain a decrease in the fragmentation of production after 2011 but that it is not the result of rising trade costs along the value chain. Using harmonized inter-country input-output tables, the paper first analyzes the global import intensity of production to document changes in the structure of GVCs. It then calculates theory-consistent bilateral trade costs for intermediate and final products using an approach derived from the gravity literature and introduces a new index of cumulative trade costs along the value chain. These data are used to discuss whether the decrease in global imports is the consequence of shifts in demand, efficiency-enhancing strategies of firms or rising trade costs. Between 2011 and 2016, cumulative trade costs have decreased in East Asian GVCs. However, as COVID-19 is likely to intensify trade and investment uncertainties, trade costs could increase in the future. Policies aimed at reducing uncertainties and preserving the gains from trade and investment liberalization will be key in this new environment.