• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.94-106
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• 2008

As populations inhabiting in natural ecosystem are fragmented by artificial barriers and habitats are destructed by development, extinction possibility of species is getting higher. It is necessary to design and to manage conservation areas and corridors considering animals' movement and migration for sustainable species diversity in present circumstances. 'Least-cost modeling' is one commonly employed approach in which dispersal costs are assigned to distinct habitat types and the last-costly dispersal paths among habitat patches are calculated using a geographical information system (GIS). This study aims to design ecological corridor using least-cost path method and to apply it to a regional ecological network considering movability of medium-large size mammals. This study was carried out over the metropolitan area, which has been deforested by rapid urbanization. Nevertheless there is connected with Gangwon province, Baekdudaegan mountain range and DMZ, considered where many forest species can migrate to this region. This study employs such an approach to develop least-cost path models for medium-large size mammals, have inhabited for this entire region. Considering those species, two forest areas as a source of species supply and forest areas more than 1,000ha are selected as focal forest areas. Movement and migration paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas are calculated by applying landscape permeability theory using land cover map, road density map and land slope map. Results showed least-cost paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas on two species. Wildcat and roe deer are different in some least-cost paths caused by their landscape permeability but paths show generally same specifics. The result of considering regional distribution of expected movement and migration paths to regional ecological network, low altitude mountains of western metropolitan area are evaluated important area for species connectivity. In national or regional levels ecological connectivity is essential to promote species diversity and to preserve integrated ecosystem. This study concludes that developing least-cost models from similar empirical data could significantly improve the utility of these tools.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1996

Ecological approach to conservation of Korea's National Parks (KNP) was reviewed. Four hundred twenty five reports on 15 national parks for 80 years (1915~1994) were analyzed in consideration of phytocoenotic information such as flora, plant community and landscape. Total species was recorded as 157 familles, 752 genera, and 2,369 species (64.3% of Korean flora), in which is included only 75 species of the protected plant species designated by the Ministry of EnvironMent. Occurrence patterns of plant species in national parks were quite similar to one another, but those of plant community were rather unique. Seventy-four of 97 plant communities were reported in only one of 15 national parks, which might be regarded as an endemic or local vegetetation type. These facts are far different from actual status of the KNP＇s ecosystem, which indicate that not only original data in previous reports are less informative, but also tools of investigation and description are too subjective, and thus these can never afford to monitor the ecosystem. From the correlation analysis between 10 ecological characteristics, the following results were obtained: (1) the species richness was positively associated with the area of national park, (2) the number of visitors was related to landscape diversity, (3) occurrence of the designated species was closely related to the vegetation diversity. Numerical analysis (cluster analysis and ordination) using dissimilarity ratio by ecological characteristics divided 15 national parks into 4 groups. The first group, composed of national parks of Chirisan, $S\v{o}laksan$, Sokrisan, Hallasan, $T\v{o}kyusan$, Odaesan, and Sobaeksan, is recognized as the best national parks in terms of ecological conservation values. Nevertheless, they have been faced with the threat of visitor stress. This study will contribute to the establishment of strategy for appropriate conservation and sustainable use of KNP.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 국내 외 생태자산 관련 연구 경향을 파악하는 것이다. 생태자산과 의미가 유사한 12개 키워드와 연관 있는 분야 및 영역들을 확인하면서 연구흐름을 이해하고자 하였다. 우리는 키워드 네트워크 분석을 이용하여 방대하게 이루어지고 있는 국내외 연구들을 분석하였다. 키워드 네트워크 분석은 정보의 구조적 흐름을 이해하고 방향성을 파악하는데 유용하다. 국외 연구들은 지속가능성을 중심으로 보전, 경제적 평가, 관리, 정책 분야로 연결되는 것을 보았다. 국내연구 분석은 문헌자료가 적어 다양한 흐름들을 확인하기 어려웠으나 지역의 활성화를 위해 경제적인 가치를 확인하고자 하는 연구들이 있었다. 이 연구는 향후 국내 생태자산 관련 연구 방향들에 설정하는데 활용할 수 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Urban streams have been severely degraded with wastewater and concrete structure over a prolonged period. The Chonggyecheon Restoration Project recovered a stream in the downtown Seoul with landscaping, plantings and bridges after the cover concrete and elevated asphalt road were removed. The project has been criticized partly because it is not an ecological restoration but rather the development of an urban park with an unnaturally straight flowing stream, artificial building structures, and artificial water pumping from the Han River. Nevertheless, the public have praised the project and almost 100,000 visitors per day come to see the reeds, catfish, and ducks. The stream restoration project is attractive to central and regional government decision makers because it increases the public concern of landscape amenity. Several projects such as Sanjichon and Kaeumjungchon are on going and proposed. These projects have a common and different respect in scope and procedure. The Chonggyecheon project in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS) reviewed the environmental impacts before development. Kaeumjungchon in the PERS and Sanjichon without EIA and PERS are reviewed. EIA and PERS systems contribute to checking the ecological sustainability of the restoration projects. A stream restoration project is a very complex task, so an integrated approach from plan to project is needed for ecologically sound restoration. Ecological stream restoration requires 1) an assessment of the entire stream ecosystem 2) establishing an ecologically sound management system of the stream reflecting not only benefits for people but also flora and fauna; 3) developing the site-specific design criteria and construction techniques including habitat restoration, flood plains conservation, and fluvial management; 4) considering the stream watershed in land use plan, EIA, PERS, and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Additionally the process needs to develop the methodologies to enhance stakeholder's participation during planning, construction, and monitoring.

• 생태와환경
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

In this study, we implemented an experimental approach of ecological model development in order to emphasize the importance of input variable selection with respect to time-delayed arrangement between input and output variables. Time-series modeling requires relevant input variable selection for the prediction of a specific output variable (e.g. density of a species). Inadequate variable utility for input often causes increase of model construction time and low efficiency of developed model when applied to real world representation. Therefore, for future prediction, researchers have to decide number of time-delay (e.g. months, weeks or days; t-n) to predict a certain phenomenon at current time t. We prepared a total of 3,900 equation models produced by Time-Series Optimized Genetic Programming (TSOGP) algorithm, for the prediction of monthly averaged density of a potamic phytoplankton species Stephanodiscus hantzschii, considering future prediction from 0- (no future prediction) to 12-months ahead (interval by 1 month; 300 equations per each month-delay). From the investigation of model structure, input variable selectivity was obviously affected by the time-delay arrangement, and the model predictability was related with the type of input variables. From the results, we can conclude that, although Machine Learning (ML) algorithms which have popularly been used in Ecological Informatics (EI) provide high performance in future prediction of ecological entities, the efficiency of models would be lowered unless relevant input variables are selectively used.

• 아동학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 연변 조선족 아동의 학교적응과 관련된 변수를 생태학적인 접근으로 분석하는 것이었다. 자료는 연변 지역의 소학교로부터 258명의 조선족 아동과 부모가 응답한 질문지를 통해 수집되었다. 우선 개인체계, 미시체계, 중간체계에 속한 7개의 변수들이 아동의 학교적응에 미치는 영향력은 어떠한지 살펴보았으며, 다음으로 각 생태학적 체계에 속한 변수들을 매개로 한 학교적응의 인과관계는 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 상관분석, 회귀분석, 경로분석을 사용한 자료분석 결과, 아동의 성취동기(개인체계), 가정의 물리적 환경과 사회적 지지(미시체계), 어머니의 직업만족도(중간체계)가 높을수록 아동의 학교적응이 잘 이루어지고 있음이 나타났다. 또한 어머니의 교육수준과 어머니의 직업만족도는 가정의 물리적 환경을 매개로 하여, 사회적 지지는 아동의 성취동기를 매개로 하여 아동의 학교적응에 간접적으로 영향을 미치고 있음을 발견하였다. 아울러, 중국 연변이라는 거시체계에 속한 아동의 학교적응에 있어 지역특수성으로 인한 영향보다는 개인적이고 일반적인 변수의 영향이 더 유의하게 작용하고 있음이 시사되었다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2018

Comprehensive utilization of zinc smelting iron slag not only solves environmental problems but also creates huge economic benefits. This study was conducted on the enrichment and recovery of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ from zinc smelting iron slag by superconducting HGMS technology. Several variables such as slurry flow velocity, slag concentration, magnetic field intensity and the amount of dispersing agent were tested in magnetic separation. In the experiments, obtained optimal magnetic separation parameters were 1.60 T of magnetic flux intensity, 600 mL/min of slurry flow velocity of, 15 g/L of slag concentration of, 0.10 g/L of dispersing agent. Under this condition, the content of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ was increased from 86.22% to 94.39% that can approach the Chinese national standard requirements (A level) of iron oxide red. It was concluded that using superconducting HGMS technology was an effective method for the purification of ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$ from zinc smelting iron slag.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2022

The trade-off between morphology and physical function may vary according to ecological traits. Taking a quantitative approach, we attempted to analyze the differences in the skeletal shape of the lower body and limbs in relation to the ecological traits of four anuran species (Dryophytes japonicus, Glandirana rugosa, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and Lithobates catesbeianus) occurring in South Korea. Body size, locomotor mode, microhabitat, trophic positions, and predator defense mechanisms were selected for the ecological traits of the anurans. The pelvis, ilium, and urostyle, which are associated with locomotor performance, were selected for the skeletal shape of the lower body. The ratio of limbs, which is related to locomotor mode and microhabitat, was confirmed by analyzing the skeletons of the forelimbs (radio-ulnar and humerus) and hindlimbs (femur and tibiofibular). Both landmark-based geometric morphometrics and traditional methods were used for skeletal shape comparison. The skeletal shape of the lower body was completely different among the four species, whereas the ratio of the limbs was only different in D. japonicus. The skeletal shape of the lower body may be related to body mass and predator defense mechanisms, whereas the ratio of the limbs was related to the locomotor mode and microhabitat. Quantifying these morphological differences among various species can help elucidate the mechanisms of behavioral and morphological changes in response to ecological effects.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

지금까지 연안 양식장의 지속적인 생산 및 체계적인 관리를 위해 어장환경용량 산정 및 활용에 관하여 많은 연구가 선행되어 왔다. 그러나, 생태학적 부하를 고려한 지속적 적정 생산을 위해서는 4가지 계층구조(물리적 수용능력, 생산 수용능력, 생태학적 수용능력 및 사회적 수용능력)에 의한 어장환경용량 산정 개념을 활용할 수 있다. 생태학적 수용 능력 산정의 경우, 환경과 패류 양식의 상호작용에 관한 좀 더 전체적인 접근이 필요하여 아직까지 모델 개발은 초기 단계에 있으므로, 이에 대한 대안접근으로 패류양식장이 해양생태계의 가능을 어떻게 변화시킬 수 있는지 패류양식장의 생태적 효율을 평가할 수 있는 생태지표의 필요성이 대두되었다. 현재 거제한산만 굴양식장의 정화율 생태지표는 0.331, 여과압 생태지표는 0.203으로 계산되었으며, 이는 연안 생태계에 부하를 주지 않는 생태학적 수용 능력인 0.05를 초과하고 있음을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 생태학적 수용 능력의 개념에 근거한 생태지표를 거제한산만에 적용하여, 현재의 굴 양식장의 개발 수준이 어느 정도인지를 평가하여 지속적인 생산과 효과적인 양식어장 관리 지침으로 활용하는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생태학회 2010년 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.15-27
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• 2010