• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.2763-2769
• /
• 2015

Background: Cancer is an unnatural type of tissue growth in which the cells exhibit unrestrained division, leading to a progressive increase in the number of dividing cells. It is now the second largest cause of death in the world. The present study concerned antioxidant, anticancer and anticholinesterase activities and protocatechuic, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and o-coumaric concentrations in methanol extracts of flowers, fruits and seeds of Hypericum amblysepalum. Materials and Methods: Antioxidant properties including free radical scavenging activity and reducing power, and amounts of total phenolic compounds were evaluated using different tests. Protocatechuic, catechin, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid and o-coumaric concentrations in extracts were determined by HPLC. Cytotoxic effects were determined using the MTT test with human cervix cancer (HeLa) and rat kidney epithelium cell (NRK-52E) lines. Acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were measured by by Ellman method. Results: Total phenolic content of H. amblysepalum seeds was found to be higher than in fruit and flower extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the obtained extracts gave satisfactory results versus butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene as controls. Reducing power activity was linearly proportional to the studied concentration range: $10-500{\mu}g/mL\;LC_{50}$ values for H. amblysepalum seeds were 11.7 and 2.86 respectively for HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines. Butyryl-cholinesterase inhibitory activity was $76.9{\pm}0.41$ for seed extract and higher than with other extracts. Conclusions: The present results suggested that H. amblysepalum could be a potential candidate anti-cancer drug for the treatment of human cervical cancer, and good source of natural antioxidants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.162-175
• /
• 1972

Fifty six compounds of 4-methylthiosemicarbazone and thiorcarbohydrazone derivatives were prepared and subjected to biological tests. The following five compounds, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde monothiocarbohydrazone (2),4-methylbenzaldehyde monothiocarbohydrazone (8), 1-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-5(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) dithiocarbohydrazone (45), 1-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde)-5-furfural dithiocarbohydrazone (46) and 1-benzaldehyde-5-cinnamaldehyde dithiocarbohydrazone (49) exhibited marked antimicrobial activity against E. coli, St. aureus and P. chrysogenum. In addition to these compounds, 3-methoxybenzaldehyde monothiocarbohydrazone (12) and 4-methylbenzaldehyde dithiocarbohydrazone (29) showed marked inhibition of HeLa cell growth at the concentration of 10 ${\nu}$g/ml. It was generally observed that most compounds demonstrated significant antifungal activity against P. chrysongenum but only one compound, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde dithiocarbohydrazone (39), exerted antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis H$_{37}$ RV at the concentration of 10 ${\nu}$g/ml.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2018

Osteoporosis is a major worldwide public health problem that poses a great economic burden to society. Puerariae Radix, the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi, has been widely used in Asia. This study investigated the effects of Puerariae Radix (PR) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. C3H/HeN mice (10 weeks old) were divided into sham and OVX groups. The OVX mice were treated with vehicle, $17{\beta}-estradiol$ ($E_2$), PR (oral administration, 250 mg/kg/day) or PR (intraperitoneal administration, 50 mg/kg/every other day) for 6 weeks. Grip strength, uterus weight, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), estradiol concentration and osteoclast surface levels were measured. Tibiae were analyzed using microcomputed tomography. There were no significant differences in the degree of grip strength, body weight and uterine weight between OVX group and PR-treated group. As compared with the OVX group, the serum estradiol levels were significantly increased in the PR-treated group. PR (i.p.) significantly preserved trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone number, structure model index and bone mineral density of proximal tibiae metaphysic. The administration of PR lowered serum ALP and osteoclast surface levels in OVX mice, suggesting that PR can reduce the bone turnover rate in mice. The results indicate that the supply of PR can prevent OVX-induced bone loss in mice.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.419-429
• /
• 2003

The developments of science education until the middle of the 20th century were often driven by personal ideas and achievements of some influential individual scientists (e.g. T. H. Huxley, H. E. Armstrong. L. Hogben, J. Conant). while that of the 2nd half of the 20th century can be characterized as collective efforts through various research grou ps of science educators (e.g. PSSC, HPP, Nuffield, SATIS). In this respect, John Tyndall(1820-1894), a physicist of the Victorian England best known as Tyndall's Effect, can be considered as one of the great scientists who made a big influence on science teaching and the popularization of science before science secured its place in school curricula. Tyndall worked as a research scientist at the Royal Institution of London, where various lectures and demonstrations of physical sciences were regularly performed for general public, and he was particularly famous for his fascinating physics demonstrations. In this study, we summarize his activities and achievements as a teacher as well as a popularizer of physics, illustrate some of his famous demonstrations and his ideas concerning physics teaching and discuss their implications to today's physics education.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 1983

The in vivo and in vitro buffer capacities of true plasma and tissue buffer capaciies were compared on dogs. Intracellular pH was determined on skeletal muscle by a modification of the method of Schloerb and Grantham using $C^{14}$ DMO. The in vivo curve for plasma or extracellular fluid has a much lower slope than the in vitro curve. The in vivo slope of skeletal muscle in the dog is approximately 20 sl. The slope for skeletal muscle in vivo falls between the in vitro and in vivo slopes of true plasma. It appears that intracellular hydrogen ion varies linearly with extracellular hydrogen ion when $CO_2$ tension is changed. Both hydrogen ion gradient and Hi/He ratio vary in skeletal muscle, with an increase in $CO_2$ tension. Infusion of 0.3N HCl gave two distinct patterns, the $H_i-H_e$ gradient decreased; and it would appear that very little hydrogen ion as such penetrated to the inside of the cells during the time of observation. Although lactic acid presumably enters the cell and the same of larger load was given as was used for hydrochloric acid, only very mild intracellular acidosis resulted, ostensibly due to metabolism of this substrate. Gluconic acid produced a more severe acidosis, both intracellularly and extracellularly, but with both of these acids the hydrogen ion gradient decreased and the $H_i/H_e$ ratio also decreased. The experiments on the dogs with hemorrhagic shock the hydrogen ion increase producing the acidosis originates inside the cells. Even so, the hydrogen ion gradient increased only very slightly in the acute experiments. This may suggest that even over short intervals of time skeletal muscle cells have a capacity to pump out hydrogen ions at a rate which maintains approximately the normal $H_i/H_e$ gradient when the source of the hydrogen ion is in the interior of the cell.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 1995

.betha.-galactosidase activity of Escherichia coli cells containing operon fusion nhaA'-'lacZ was monitored to study the regulation of expression of nhaA gene under various conditions. The expression of the fusion was enhanced only by chemicals containing Na$^{+}$ or Li$^{+}$. This Na$^{+}$ or Li$^{+}$. This Na$^{+}$(Li$^{+}$)-specific enhancement of .betha.-galactosidase activity represented the increase in the rate of synthesis of .betha.-galactosidase rather than the decrease in the breakdown rate. The induction pattern was influenced by copy numbers of the gene. Induction by Na$^{+}$ or Li$^{+}$ was concentration and time dependent, reaching maximum 5-6 fold induction after 2 hours at 0.4-0.5 M for Na$^{+}$ or at 0.25-0.35 M for Li$^{+}$, Although the expression was induced at much lower concentration of Na$^{+}$ at alkaline pH values than at neutral pH in the presence of Na$^{+}$, alkaline pH itself did ot induced the expression of the fusion in the absence of Na$^{+}$. Temperature shift and growth phase of culture did not affect the level of induction.he level of induction.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.65-77
• /
• 2011

Hydrochemical and carbon isotopic (${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$) analyses of 11 water samples, and noble gas isotopic analyses of 8 water samples collected in the Kyeoungbuk and Kangwon areas of Korea were performed to determine their hydrochemical characteristics and to interpret the source of noble gases and $CO_2$ gas in the water. The carbonated mineral waters are weakly acidic (PH = 5.59-6.04), and electrical conductivity ranges from 302 to $864\;{\mu}S/cm$. The chemical composition of all the water samples is Ca-$HCO_3$ type. The high contents of Fe and Mn exceed the safe limits for drinking water. The ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ values of the samples range from -5.30‰ to -2.84‰, indicating that the carbon is supplied mainly from a deep-seated source and to a lesser degree from an inorganic carbonate source. The $^3He/^4He$ ratios of the samples range from $1.51{\times}10^{-6}$ to $6.45{\times}10^{-6}$. The samples plot into three groups on a $^3He/^4He$ versus $^4He/^{20}Ne$ diagram: the deep-seated field (e.g., a mantle source), the atmospheric field, and the air-mantle mixing field. A wide range of $^4He/^{20}Ne$ ratios is observed ($0.036{\times}10^{-6}$ to $1.76{\times}10^{-6}$), indicating that while radiogenic $^4He$ is dominant in these water samples, mantle-origin He is also present. The supply of $CO_2$ gas and noble gases from a deep-seated source to carbonated waters is inferred to be controlled by geological structures such as faults and geological boundaries.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 1994

Fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in a contaminated water was developed, which was the component of pesticides and agricultural agent. The detection principle of designed sensor was the pH variance induced by a reaction of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. The pH variance was detected by the optical system to measure the organophosphorus compounds. Litmus was selected as the pH-sensitive dye suitable to the enzyme reaction and a light source to be detected by the optical system. The enzyme entrapped in Ca-alginate gel was immobilized at the inner wall to maintain the high activity of enzyme and to be reused for a long period. The optical fiber was used to miniaturize and control remotely the sensor system. The He-Ne laser with 632 nm was selected as the light source to prevent light intensity fluctuation by the product. Cheap plastic optical fibers were used as the transmission part of the light and the phototransistor was used as the reception part of light based on the wavelength of He-Ne laser. The proposed fiber-optic biosensor has the linear analytical range of 0 ppm-1.5 ppm with response time of 5 minutes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.331-335
• /
• 1999

The present study describes the analysis of the multiphasic growth function (MGF) to body weight in laboratory and wild mice. Three genetic groups of laboratory mice (Mus musculus domesticus) designated $CF_{{\sharp}1}$, C3H/HeNCrj and C57BL/6NCrj, and a genetic group of Yonakuni wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus yonakuni, Yk) were used. Mean body weights of each genetic group-sex subclass from birth to 69 days of age taken at 3-day intervals were analyzed by a monophasic, diphasic and triphasic functions for describing growth patterns. A comparison among the three functions of the MGF was based on the goodness-of-fit criteria: residual standard deviation (RSD), adjusted R-square (Adj $R^2$) and Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Result of this study indicated that body weight averaged heavier for males than for females. Among the four genetic groups within both sexes, $CF_{{\sharp}1}$ showed the highest, subsequent followed by C3H/HeNCrj, C57BL/6NCrj and Yk. Comparison among the three functions revealed that the triphasic function was the best fit to growth data, with the lowest RSD, the highest Adj $R^2$ and the lowest AIC, for the four genetic groups. For the triphasic function, RSD within each genetic group-sex subclass was similar for males and females. Adj $R^2$ was 0.999 for all genetic group-sex subclasses. AIC for laboratory mice males and females ranged from -70.48 to 66.50 and from -92.81 to -68.64, respectively; whereas for Yk wild mice males was -74.29 and females -78.42.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2015

Using starch gel electrophoresis, ten isozyme loci were examined in nine populations of Euphorbia ebracteolata in Korea. Populations of E. ebracteolata tend to have higher within-population levels of genetic variation (A = 2.2, P = 61.1, He = 0.165) along with low levels of genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}$ = 0.075) compared to previously reported Euphorbia species. The relatively high genetic variation in E. ebracteolata may be due to its long-lived regional distribution and to the outcrossed nature of the species. Low levels of genetic differentiation and the absence of unique alleles in E. ebracteolata populations suggest that Korean populations diverged recently. This study does not support the recognition of var. coreana and for. magna as separate taxa, and suggests that they should be combined with E. ebracteolata.