• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2024

Objective: To measure inter-reader agreement and identify associated factors in interpreting complete response (CR) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 10 readers from seven hospitals with experience of 80-10210 cases, and 149 patients who underwent surgery after CRT for rectal cancer. Using MRI-based tumor regression grading (mrTRG) and methods employed in daily practice, the readers independently assessed mrTRG, CR on T2-weighted images (T2WI) denoted as mrCR_T2W, and CR on all images including diffusion-weighted images (DWI) denoted as mrCR_overall. The readers described their interpretation patterns and how they utilized DWI. Inter-reader agreement was measured using multi-rater kappa, and associated factors were analyzed using multivariable regression. Correlation between sensitivity and specificity of each reader was analyzed using Spearman coefficient. Results: The mrCR_T2W and mrCR_overall rates varied widely among the readers, ranging 18.8%-40.3% and 18.1%-34.9%, respectively. Nine readers used DWI as a supplement sequence, which modified interpretations on T2WI in 2.7% of cases (36/1341 [149 patients × 9 readers]) and mostly (33/36) changed mrCR_T2W to non-mrCR_overall. The kappa values for mrTRG, mrCR_T2W, and mrCR_overall were 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.49, 0.62), 0.55 (0.52, 0.57), and 0.54 (0.51, 0.57), respectively. No use of rectal gel, larger initial tumor size, and higher initial cT stage exhibited significant association with a higher interreader agreement for assessing mrCR_overall (P ≤ 0.042). Strong negative correlations were observed between the sensitivity and specificity of individual readers (coefficient, -0.718 to -0.963; P ≤ 0.019). Conclusion: Inter-reader agreement was moderate for assessing CR on post-CRT MRI. Readers' varying standards on MRI interpretation (i.e., threshold effect), along with the use of rectal gel, initial tumor size, and initial cT stage, were significant factors associated with inter-reader agreement.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.519-541
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• 2010

A number of recent Victorian studies have participated in a renewed focus on form. E. Warwick Slinn and Monique R. Morgan, for instance, have contributed to enhancing our understanding of the Victorian dramatic monologue. This paper aims to expand what they have addressed by revisiting the mechanics of the dramatic form as a form, in particular addressing two types of dramatic monologue represented with supreme adroitness by Robert Browning and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, both of whom successfully attempted to widen our epistemology through a large act of the poetic imagination and great intellectual power. To this end, this paper lays particular attention to the role of the reader who is regarded as a key element of the dramatic aspect of the genre. In the dramatic monologue proper, real readers are actively brought into dialogic relation with the speaker or the poet, or both, whereby it seeks to represent an act of play among the poet, the speaker, and the reader. What the genre achieves in this fashion is twofold. For one thing, it pushes itself sufficiently to the very centre of the complex of apparently various narrative motives that animate the genre; for another, it honours the world of multiple viewpoints more than any other previous form of literature, all the more so as readers' views vary across their own time, space, and socio-cultural contexts. Incidentally, in one way and another, the dramatic monologue is of kinship with a Jamesian type of fiction, which is noted for its exterior impersonality. So this paper concludes by suggesting some theoretical implications that the dramatic genre assumes for, not only the naturalist novel, but also the (post-)modernist one.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.201-236
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• 2014

Juan $Mars{\acute{e}}$ was born in 1933 in Barcelona. Being the son of a City cleaner, he was able to watch, from a very early age, all the films he desired, as many times as he wished. This privilege meant a great help in future years, when having to develop the plots and characters of his works. In his last (latest) novel, Caligrafía de los $sue{\tilde{n}}os$, published in 2011, as he has done in his previous works he uses a cinematographic frame again. The explicit references to Hollywood's Golden Age -such as John Ford's Stagecoach and Cecil B. DeMiller's The Plainsman- bring very specific and vivid images to the reader's mind, leading to clear physical and psychological associations. The aim is achieved: the reader's attention is caught immediately. However, characters, plot and cinematographic structures are actually distracting mirages. They make the reader expect a predictable ending which, in fact, will be very different. Therefore, the surprised reader must step back, in order to approach the main topics of the novel from a certain distance. Doing so, he's following the Theory of the Distancing Effect. He becomes aware of the need of a new perspective on social problems that he had considered as familiar justo a few moments before. Thus, he is getting prepared for a more objective interpretation, such as the futility of war and the ideological differences that led to the (Spanich) Civil War and all its devastationg effects.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제27권
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• pp.347-386
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• 2012

This article aims to establish the model of textual communication and its schema. To do this, we must identify the characteristics of textual communication, different from that of the oral, because the model of communication is usually done to show the structure of oral communication. Moreover, we must clarify the status text as '${\acute{e}}nonc{\acute{e}}$', that is to say product of the act of enunciation. The study of the text has now reached to achieve from the perspective of pragmatics, overcoming the structural point of view that dominates long text linguistics. And now, we need to enrich the theoretical basis of the pragmatics of text. Then the search of elements necessary to develop the model and pattern of textual communication can help to establish the elements used to form the theoretical basis. To clarify the characteristics of textual communication, we needed to explain the present communication by the position of reader and the point of view of textual reference. The schema that we proposed is not perfect, but there are still issues to think to complete it. For example, one must take into account the plurality of readers and reflect the relationship between interpretive texts in this schema, etc. This kind of problem is not only required to complete the schema but also to strengthen the basis of the theory of textual communication and the pragmatics of text.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.255-274
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• 2015

본 연구는 교육 연구용 전자출판물에 대한 이용자의 현재 사용 경험과 실제 기기를 활용한 사용성을 평가하고, 개선사항을 심층 분석하기 위한 목적을 갖고 있다. 학부생과 대학원생 각 10명씩 총 20명을 임의 선정하고 심층면담 및 전자책 리더기 실험방식을 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 피실험자의 학술정보 이용 시 주관적인 선호사항을 분석한 결과 주제성과 이해가능성이 가장 중요한 학술정보 선택시의 고려사항으로 응답되었으며, 학술정보를 활용하는 주요 목표에 대해서 조사한 결과 가장 빈번한 목표는 과제수행, 논문작성 상황으로 조사되었다. 인쇄매체와 전자매체에 대한 사용자 경험을 분석한 결과, 전반적으로 인쇄매체에 대한 사용자 경험이 전자매체에 대한 사용자 경험이 더욱 긍정적이며, 학술정보를 활용하는 상황이기 때문에 전자매체 활용에 대한 부정적인 사용자 경험이 다수 존재하였다. 전자출판물 디바이스 사용성 평가 결과는 전체적으로는 하드웨어 평가(3.47)가 소프트웨어 평가(3.31)보다 높게 나타났다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1460-1478
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• 2020

This paper proposes a novel anti-collision protocol for large-scale RFID tags identification, named Bi-response Collision Tree Protocol (BCT). In BCT, two group of tags answer the reader's same query in two response-cycles respectively and independently according to the bi-response pattern. BCT improves the RFID tag identification performance significantly by decreasing the query cycles and the bits transmitted by the reader and tags during the identification. Computation and simulation results indicate that BCT improves the RFID tag identification performance effectively, e.g. the tag identification speed is improved more than 13.0%, 16.9%, and 22.9% compared to that of Collision Tree Protocol (CT), M-ary Collision Tree Protocol (MCT), and Dual Prefix Probe Scheme (DPPS) respectively when tags IDs are distributed uniformly.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2009

Recently, RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) has emerged as the main technology in the logistic services. When the existing recognition technology based on bar codes brings about lots of problem due its own limits. RFID becomes the center of attention to solve them. However, RFID is not without any obstacles : companies have their own operating systems. while RFID is developed regardless of each campany's special features. RFID middleware system based on web service is expected to remove these obstacles. This paper shows how to operate the middleware based on web service and to lay in the DB the tag informations taken from reader system Middle assures that companies adopting RFID system for their logistic service are given athptabwebty to any systems whatsoever, avaweable by way of defining logistic information, tag information and reader information. For this purse, we implement as the basic web service a middleware system that turns all data into XML(eXtensatle Markupmsngunfo) of SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol), the standard data.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

Recently, RFID has emerged as the main technology in the logistic services. When the existing recognition technology based on bar codes brings about lots of problem due to its own limits. RFID becomes the center of attention to solve them. However, RFID is not without any obstacles: companies have their own operating systems, while RFID is developed regardless of each company's special features. RFID middleware system based on web service is expected to remove these obstacles. This paper shows how to operate the middleware based on web service and to lay in the DB the tag informations taken from reader system. Middle assures that companies adopting RFID system for their logistic service are given adaptability to any systems whatsoever, available by way of defining logistic information, tag information and reader information. For this purpose, we implement as the basic web service a middleware system that turns all data into XML(eXtensible Markup Language) of SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), the standard data.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2007

Recently, RFID has emerged as the main technology in the logistic services. When the existing recognition technology based on bar codes brings about lots of problem due to its own limits. RFID becomes the center of attention to solve them. However, RFID is not without any obstacles: companies have their own operating systems, while RFID is developed regardless of each company's special features. RFID middleware system based on web service is expected to remove these obstacles. This paper shows how to operate the middleware based on web service and to lay in the DB the tag informations taken from reader system. Middle assures that companies adopting RFID system for their logistic service are given adaptability to any systems whatsoever, available by way of defining logistic information, tag information and reader information. For this purpose, we implement as the basic web service a middleware system that turns all data into XML(eXtensible Markup Language) of SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), the standard data.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2016

DRM(Digital Rights Management) is essential for the copy right protection of eBooks based on ePub 3.0 by IDPF. In this paper, we developed eBSS(eBook Service System) as ePub 3.0 builder and viewer system with DRM and proposed an efficient DRM method which improves the performance of contents generation, security and distribution system. The efficient application of DRM method to the eBook contents based on ePub 3.0 for smart phone is practically useful for eBook service system. It is very useful for the suggested eBSS with DRM method and strategy to apply easily and practically to the encryption and decryption of the eBook contents. Also, it is very efficient to generate the ePub 3.0 contents and to apply DRM method to it especially, by using practically this suggested ePub 3.0 builder system from the view point of the eBook content generation and its viewer such as eBook reader for user and eBook providers.