• Title/Summary/Keyword: E-Tailing

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A New Perspective on Competition between Retail and Electronic Stores (온라인과 오프라인 유통채널간의 경쟁에 대한 새로운 조명)

  • 안병훈;이병태;최병삼
    • Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.83-86
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    • 2001
  • There have been several attempts to describe the recent phonemona of e-tailing and the competition of e-tailers with traditional retailers. However, it appears that the previous models exhibit some shortcomings. With an extension of the well-known circular city model, this paper attempts to relax those limiting assumptions and addresses various issues around electronic commerce: whether e-tailing will eventually drive out traditional retailing, whether e-tailing will necessarily increase competition and lead to lower prices, and whether all the consumers will be better off with more alternatives to choose from.

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E-tailing (미국의류산업에서의 이테일링)

  • 남진희;진병호
    • Distribution Business Review
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    • no.3
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    • pp.3-23
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    • 2003
  • 미국은 이테일링(E-tailing)이 발달된 국가이며 특히 의류 분야는 초반의 부진을 딛고 꾸준히 성장하여 온라인쇼핑분야에서 커다란 품목 중의 하나로 자리잡고 있다. 한국도 의류 분야의 이태일링이 최근 눈에 띄는 성장을 거두고 있는데 마케팅방향이나 내부적인 운영시스템등에서 미국과는 다른 모습을 보이고 있다. 이는 각자 다른 환경 속에서 다른 산업 기반을 토대로 정장하였기 때문이며 미국의 경우는 여러 면에서 이테일링이 성공할만한 조건과 토대를 이미 가지고 있었다고 볼 수 있다. 한국은 소비자와의 직접적인 거래 자체에 초점을 맞추고 있는 반면 미국은 판매 이외에 넓은 땅덩어리에 산재해 있는 단위들을 효율적으로 운영하는 후방부의 투자 및 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 넓은 시장 운영에 유리한 시스템을 갖추고 있는 미국의 현황을 살펴봄으로써 앞으로 세계화가 절실히 요구되는 의류 산업환경에 능동적으로 대처 할 수 있도록 제언을 제시하였다.

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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Releases from the Abandoned Dogog Mine Tailing in Korea (도곡광산 광미의 중금속 용출 특성)

  • Park, Chang-Jin;Kim, Won-Il;Jeong, Goo-Bok;Lee, Jong-Sik;Ryu, Jong-Su;Yang, Jae-E.
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.316-322
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    • 2006
  • Objective of this research was to assess the release characteristics of metals from the mine tailing to base the prediction of metal load potential from tailing to soils. Water-soluble concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn released from mine tailing after 2 hrs were 2.31, 129.38, 17.17, and 287.53 mg/kg, respectively, as compared to 1.6, 128, 108, and 142 mg/kg that were extractable by 0.1 M HCl. Kinetics of metal releases followed the power function model significantly indicating that more of water soluble fractions of those metals released at the initial short time, followed by a slow increase. Concentrations of metals released from tailing by water and 0.1 M HCl were in the orders of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. The breakthrough curve from the column experiment showed that concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn reached at highest after one pore volume, but that of Pb reached highest after five pore volumes when 0.1 M HCl was used as eluent. The release rate of Cd from mine tailing was the fastest but Pb was the slowest. The cumulative mass of metal released by 0.1 M HCl was in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd after nine pore volume elution.

Fractionation and Pollution Index of Heavy Metals in the Sangdong Tungsten Mine Tailings (광미에 존재하는 중금속의 분획화와 오염도 평가)

  • Yang, Jae-E.;Kim, Hee-Joung;Jun, Sang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.33-41
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    • 2001
  • Enormous volumes of mining wastes from the abandoned and closed mines are disposed without a proper treatment in the upper Okdong River basin at Southeastern part of Kangwon Province. Erosion of these wastes contaminates soil, surface water, and sediments with heavy metals. Objectives of this research were to fractionate heavy metals in the mine tailing stored in the Sangdong Tungsten tailing dams and to assess the potential pollution index of each metal fraction. Tailing samples were collected from tailing dams at different depth and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. pH of tailings ranged from 7.3 to 7.9. Contents of total N and organic matter were in the ranges of 3.2~5.5%, and 1.3~9.1%, respectively. Heavy metals in the tailings were higher in the newly constructed tailing dam than those in the old dam. Total concentrations of metals in the tailings were in the orders of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd, exceeded the corrective action level of the Soil Environment Conservation Law and higher than the natural abundance levels reported from uncontaminated soils. Relative distribution of heavy metal fractions was residual > organic > reducible > carbonate > adsorbed, reversing the degree of metal bioavailability. Mobile fractions of metals were relatively small compared to the total concentrations. Distribution of metals in the tailing dam profiles was metal specific. Concentrations of Cu at the surface of tailing dams were higher than those at the bottom. Pollution index (PI) values of each fraction of metals were ranged from 4.27 to 8.51 based on total concentrations. PI values of mobile fractions were lower than those of immobile fractions. Results on metal fractions and PI values of the tailing samples indicate that tailing samples were contaminated with heavy metals and had potential to cause a detrimental effects on soil and water environment in the lower part of the stream. A prompt countermeasure to prevent surface of tailings in the dams from water and wind erosions is urgently needed.

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E-tailing & Brand Communication in Facebook: Comparing Germans and Koreans

  • NGUYEN, Vu;BANG, Jounghae
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.17 no.8
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    • pp.99-106
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - Marketing has shifted towards communicating tailored messages and brand contents to consumers with the rise of the Internet and smartphones. These technologies and the brand contents provide the e-tailers with opportunities for brand loyalty and online shopping via SNS, especially Facebook. Thus, this study attempts to scrutinize the effects of the characteristics of brand contents on consumers' engagements. As well, Facebook allows global communication, and yet, Eastern and Western people still live under different cultures. Therefore, this study attempts to compare Germans and Koreans on Facebook. Research design, data, and methodology - 225 survey data were collected from Germany and Korea. The effects of Vividness, Entertainment, Credibility, and Relevance on Engagement in brand contents and the moderating effect of nationality were examined with the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results - Vividness and Entertainment are the most important characteristics to engage consumers in the brand contents regardless of nationality. However, Relevance is more important to Germans while Entertaining and Vividness are to Koreans. Conclusions - To engage young Facebook users and let them shop online, entertaining and vivid brand contents will be effective. Tailored brand contents are essential for users from different cultures on Facebook.

Effect of Pretreatment of Mine Tailings on the Performance of Controlled Low Strength Materials (저강도 고유동 충전재의 성능에 미치는 광미 전처리의 영향)

  • Tafesse, Million;Kim, Hyeong-Ki
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.32-38
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    • 2017
  • For the massive recycling of mine tailings, which are an inorganic by-product of mining process, in the field of civil engineering, pretreatments to extract heavy metals are required. This study focuses on the use of pre-treated tailings as substitute fillers for controlled low-strength material (CLSM). As a comparative study, untreated tailing, microwave-treated tailing and magnetic separated with microwaved tailing were used in this study. Cement contents amounting to 10%, 20% and 30% by the weight of the tailings were designed. Both compressive strength and flowability for all types of mixture were satisfied with the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI) Committee 229, i.e., 0.3-8.3 MPa of compressive strength and longer than 200 mm flowability. Furthermore, all mixtures showed settlements less than 1% by volume of the mix.

Heavy Metal Uptake of Acacia from Tailing soil in Abandoned Jangun Mine, Korea (장군광산 광미 토양으로부터 아카시아의 중금속 전이에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Hong-Yun;Kim, Young-Hun;Kim, Jeong-Jin
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.173-185
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    • 2015
  • Janggun mine (longitude $129^{\circ}$ 03'38.91" Latitude $36^{\circ}$ 51'31.59") had been operated as an underground mine for last few decades. As the part of the remediation process, the surface of tailing dump was covered with uncontaminated soil about 20 cm in depth and acacia trees were planted. Heavy metal uptake of acacia from tailing soil has continued for the past 15 years. Heavy metal concentration ranges of tailing soil that contaminated with As (66.43-9325.34 mg/kg), Cd (0.96-1.09 mg/kg), Cu (16.90-57.60 mg/kg), Pb (57.33-945.67 mg/kg), and Zn (154.48-278.61 mg/kg) have higher than those of control soil As (38.98 mg/kg), Cd (0.42 mg/kg), Cu (10.26 mg/kg), Pb (8.21 mg/kg), Zn (46.74 mg/kg). The As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations of leaf of acacia in highly contaminated tailing dump were 165.95, 0.04, 10.68, 3.18, 48.11 mg/kg, respectively. The metal contents of leaf of acacia tree that obtained from uncontaminated control soil are 1.31 of As, 3.90 of Cu, 0.22 of Pb and 11.01 mg/kg of Zn. It was investigated that in the acacia tree, heavy metals such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn tend to be more highly concentrated in bark and leaf, compared with sapwood and heartwood.

Ultraviolet Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Stainless Steel Cups (스테인리스스틸 컵 내 Escherichia coli의 자외선 살균)

  • Mok, Chulkyoon;Lee, Nam-Hoon
    • Food Engineering Progress
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 2009
  • Ultraviolet (UV) is widely used as a sterilizing agent in restaurants and catering facilities in Korea. Efficacy of UV sterilizers (UVS) was investigated against E. coli on the inner bottom of stainless steel cups. UV intensity on the bottom of cups varied widely with the locations of cups in UVS, showing higher values at center while lower values at outskirts. The deviations in UV intensity were remarkable on top shelf, but alleviated as proceeded to middle and bottom shelves. Inactivation of E. coli was proportional to the UV intensity and treatment time, consequently to UV dose, and showed a pseudo-first-order kinetics with tailing. Initial inactivation rate constants ($K_{1}$) deviated with the locations of the cups, while final inactivation rate constants ($K_{2}$) showed comparable values. An equation for the calculation of the proposed UV treatment time was suggested.

Content Analysis of On-Line Consumer Information for Elderly - Comparison between the US and Korea Apparel E-tailing Sites - (노년층 의류 소비자를 위한 온라인 소비자 정보에 대한 분석 - 한국과 미국의 웹사이트의 비교연구 -)

  • Hong, Kyung-Hee;Choo, Ho-Jung
    • The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.559-573
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    • 2008
  • Internet apparel businesses are required to provide various kinds of consumer information which includes both product information and customer service information. "New Age Elderly" who become an aged man in 21th century are familiar with internet and other high technological tools from their life time experience with technological development and ready to enjoy the convenience the technology offers. As a preliminary step to develop internet consumer information model for elderly consumers, this study examines the US and Korea apparel e-tailing sites targeting elderly consumers. Ten Korean sites and nine US sites were selected and compared for their provision of consumer information in terms of contents, ease to access, and the completeness of the information. Results of data analysis indicate that elderly market in Korea is not yet clearly defined compared to the US. In Korea, elderly consumer market is considered as a part of middle-aged market, and there was no unique target marketing efforts observed. Korean sites are better than the US's sites in terms of shopping information, while the US sites offer detailed information about the company, and customer service information. In both countries, fashion related information is lacking and failing to satisfy fashion conscious elderly consumers. Managerial implications were discussed.

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Priority Assessment for Remediation of Heavy Metals Closed/Abandoned Mine Areas Using Pollution Indexes

  • Kim Hee-Joung;Yang Jae-E.;Park Byung-Kil;Kong Sung-Ho;Lee Jai-Young;Jun Sang-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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    • 2006.04a
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    • pp.183-193
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    • 2006
  • Several metalliferous and coal mines, including Seojin and Okdong located at the Kangwon province, were abandoned or closed since 1989 due to the mining industry promotion policy and thus disposed an enormous amount of mining wastes without a proper treatment facilities, resulting in water and soil pollution in the downstream areas. However, no quantitative assessment was made on soil and water pollution by the transport of mining wastes such as acid mine drainage, mine tailing, and rocky waste. In this research, total and fractional concentrations of heavy metals in mining wastes were analyzed and accordingly the degree of water and soil pollutions in the stream area were quantitatively assessed employing the several pollution indices. Concentrations of Ni, Cd, and Pb in soils near the abandoned coal mine areas were 1,240.0, 25.0 and 1,093.0 mg/kg, respectively, and these concentrations were higher than those in soils near the closed metalliferous mine areas. Also Cu concentrations in soils near the tailing dams were about 1967 mg/kg, which is considered as very polluted level. Results demonstrated that soil at the abandoned mine areas were highly contaminated by AMO, tailing, and effluents of the mining wastes. Therefore, a prompt countermeasure on the mining waste treatment and remediation of the codntaminated water and soil should be made to the abandoned or closed metalliferous and coal mines located at the abandoned mine area.

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