• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.47
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• pp.81-101
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• 2017

The present study argues that film director Lee Ae-rim animation works depict the world of the grotesque and not only are important sociocultural phenomena but also hold the significance of humor and subversion. The grotesque exhibits the intriguing characteristics of expressing a perspective critical of the existing society through the sensibilities of minorities and is used broadly as a term not only in the aesthetic sense but also designating sociocultural phenomena. Although discussed separately in terms of Mikhail Bakhtin's carnival grotesque and Mary Russo's uncanny grotesque, the grotesque fundamentally rejects existing order and conventions and is externalized through unique expressions, thus opening up a rich possibility for rejection, humor, satire, transformation, and deconstruction of and regarding the authority of the mainstream. Although they constitute a fictional medium, animation films are social products as well so that they are affected by society, culture, and history and stand as important texts that must be interpreted in terms of the relationships between humans' instinctive desires and society and between the overall culture and artistic media. However, the rarity of grotesque portrayals in South Korean animation films also proves that it is a society where even problems that are in themselves sensitive must be manifested ingeniously on a conventional level. South Korean society has a unique history of colonialism and national division and is simultaneously in the unique situation of a society that has undergone growth at a nearly unprecedented rate. Consequently, the society exhibits closed yet dynamic particularity where everyday tension and rigidity, wariness of others and extreme competition are intertwined in a complex manner. Intensively analyzed in the present discussions, director Lee's animation films and are characterized mainly by grotesque images, nonlinear narratives, and vivid depictions. In such a context, these works not only are artistic products of South Korean society but also rejections of a rigid society and share the significance of the aesthetics of the carnival grotesque, which consists of subversive expressions directed at a new world.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2007

This in vitro study examined the effect of surface defects on cutting blades on the extent of the cyclic fatigue fracture of HEROShaper Ni-Ti rotary files using fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. A total of 45 HEROShaper (MicroMega) Ni-Ti rotary flies with a #30/.04 taper were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group 1 contained new HEROShapers without any surface defects. Group 2 contained HEROShapers with manufacturing defects such as metal rollover and machining marks. Croup 3 contained HEROShapers that had been clinically used for the canal preparation of 4-6 molars A fatigue-testing device was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument whilst maintaining similar conditions to those experienced in a clinic. The level of fatigue fracture time was measured using a computer connected the system. Statistical analysis was performed using a Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. The fatigue fracture time between groups 1 and 2, and between groups 1 and 3 was significantly different (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). A low magnification SEM views show brittle fracture as the main initial failure mode At higher magnification, the brittle fracture region showed clusters of fatigue striations and a large number of secondary cracks. These fractures typically led to a central region of catastrophic ductile failure. Qualitatively, the ductile fracture region was characterized by the formation of microvoids and dimpling. The fractured surfaces of the HEROShapers in groups 2 and 3 were always associated with pre-existing surface defects. Typically, the fractured surface in the brittle fracture region showed evidence of cleavage (transgranular) facets across the grains, as well as intergranular facets along the grain boundaries. These results show that surface defects on cutting blades of Ni-Ti rotary files might be the preferred sites for the origin of fatigue fracture under experimental conditions. Furthermore this work demonstrates the utility of fractography in evaluating the failure of Ni-Ti rotary flies.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-151
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• 2022

This study was conducted on a servicism basis as a study to build the management wisdom of Korea as an asset of human society. The case of the founding and development of the Republic of Korea, which developed into one of the world's leading powers with unprecedented rapid growth despite the devastating three-year war immediately after its founding, is an important subject of study. This study conducted a macroscopic analysis. In the process of carrying out the founding activities, it was confirmed that the original idea inherent in Koreans was the Taegeuk idea of the National Flag. The founders of the Republic of Korea consciously or unconsciously adopted the Taegeuk ideology as the founding ideology. It can be said that the Taegeuk ideology has led to greater success because it is based on the service philosophy, which is the common truth of mankind. In this study, the process of preparing for the founding of the Republic of Korea, which was founded by accepting a new maritime civilization from a country with a long continental civilization, the process of national foundation, and the process of operating the country after its founding were analyzed as a whole. In particular, it discovered the excellent wisdom of the founders who appropriately utilized the strengths of continental and maritime civilizations in necessary situations, and confirmed that the dynamic operating model of development through fierce competition between the two opponents was a success factor for high-speed national development. It requires great wisdom for Koreans with diverse ideological backgrounds and unique personalities to unite to establish and run a nation. This is because fierce competition and cooperation must be carried out at the same time. The great wisdom of the founding of the Republic of Korea was able to be demonstrated because the Taegeuk ideology was acting as a common basic ideology for Koreans. Taegeuk ideology, the source of wisdom that Korea has developed under constant tension, can be capitalized as human wisdom, and additional case studies are needed.