• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.249-262
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• 2018

In this paper, reaction of functionally graded (FG) thick nanoplates resting on a viscoelastic foundation to a moving nanoparticle/load is investigated. Nanoplate is assumed to be thick by using second order shear deformation theory and small-scale effects are taken into account in the framework of Eringen's nonlocal theory. Material properties are varied through the thickness using FG models by having power-law, sigmoid and exponential functions for material changes. FG nanoplate is assumed to be on a viscoelastic medium which is modeled using Kelvin-Voight viscoelastic model. Galerkin, state space and fourth-order Runge-Kutta methods are employed to solve the governing equations. A comprehensive parametric study is presetned to show the influence of different parameters on mechanical behavior of the system. It is shown that material variation in conjunction with nonlocal term have a significant effect on the dynamic deformation of nanoplate which could be used in comprehending and designing more efficient nanostructures. Moreover, it is shown that having a viscoelastic medium could play an important role in decreasing these dynamic deformations. With respect to the fresh studies on moving atoms, molecules, cells, nanocars, nanotrims and point loads on different nanosctructures using scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) and atomic force microscopes (AFM), this study could be a step forward in understanding, predicting and controlling such kind of behaviors by showing the influence of the moving path, velocity etc. on dynamic reaction of the plate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

In structural engineering, the material properties of the structures such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, density, and size may not be deterministic and may vary at different locations. The dynamic response analysis of such structures may need to consider these properties as stochastic. This paper introduces a stochastic finite element method (SFEM) approach to analyze moving loads problems. Firstly, Karhunen-Loéve expansion (KLE) is applied for expressing the stochastic field of material properties. Then the mathematical expression of the random field is substituted into the finite element model to formulate the corresponding random matrix. Finally, the statistical moment of the dynamic response is calculated by the point estimation method (PEM). The accuracy and efficiency of the dynamic response obtained from the KLE-PEM are demonstrated by the example of a moving load passing through a simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam, in which the material properties (including elastic modulus and density) are considered as random fields. The results from the KLE-PEM are compared with those from the Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method of KLE-PEM has high accuracy and efficiency. By using the proposed SFEM, the random vertical deflection of a high-speed railway (HSR) bridge is analyzed by considering the random fields of material properties under the moving load of a train.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-38
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• 2009

It was reported that the semi-solid forming process has many advantages over the conventional forming process, such as a long die life, good mechanical properties and energy savings. It is very important, however, to control liquid segregation to gain mechanical property improvement of materials. During forming process, rheology material has complex characteristics, thixotropic behavior. Also, difference of velocity between solid and liquid in the semi-solid state material makes a liquid segregation and specific stress variation. Therefore, it is difficult for a numerical simulation of the rheology process to be performed. General plastic or fluid dynamic analysis is not suitable for the behavior of rheology material. The behavior and stress of solid particle in the rheology material during forging process is affected by viscosity, temperature and solid fraction. In this study, compression experiments of aluminum alloy were performed under each other tool shape which is rectangle shape(square array), rectangle shape(hexagonal array), and free shape tool. In addition, the dynamics behavior compare with Okano equation to power law model which is viscosity equation.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2008

The hot deformation characteristics of pure molybdenum was investigated in the temperature range of $600{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and strain rate range of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$ using a Gleeble test machine. The power dissipation map for hot working was developed on the basis of the Dynamic Materials Model. According to the map, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurs in the temperature range of $1000{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$ and the strain rate range of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$, which are the optimum conditions for hot working of this material. The average grain size after DRX is $5{\mu}m$. The material undergoes flow instabilities at temperatures of $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ and the strain rates of $0.01{\sim}10.0/s$, as calculated by the continuum instability criterion.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2019

Previous dynamic models of hysteresis motor use an extended induction machine equivalent circuit or somewhat different equivalent circuit with conventional one, which makes unsatisfiable results. In this paper, the hysteresis dynamic characteristics of the motor rotor are analyzed using the inverse Preisach model and the hysteresis motor equivalent circuit considering eddy current effect. The hysteresis loop for the rotor ring is analyzed under full-load voltage source static state. The calculated hysteresis loop is then approximated to an ellipse for simplicity of dynamic computation. The permeability and delay angle of the elliptic loop apply to the dynamic analysis model. As a result, it is possible to dynamically analyze the hysteresis motor according to the applied voltage and the rotor material. With this method, the motor speed, generated torque, load angle, rotor current as well as synchronous entry time, hunting effect can be calculated.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.846-851
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• 1995

A motor-integrated high-speed spindle system with .psi. 65*25, 000rpm is modeled for analytical and experimental studies related to the dynamic characteristics. And the systematic and rational identification processes for evaluating the material properties of spindle and built-in motor is introduced. The impulse excitation method is applied for the experimental model testing, and the dynamic characteristics of test model is theoretically analysed by using the finite element method based on Timoshenko theory. Especially, the experimental and theoetical results reveal that the test model under the required operational conditions has no critical problem for dynamic characteristics.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2019

In this study, SMG(Smart Material with Grease) was developed, which was improved the precipitation minute particle in grease during long term standstill. Also, small-sized cylinder damper equipped with an electromagnet in a piston was developed for using a performance evaluation of the damper with SMG and the dynamic load test, and damping force using Power model and Bingham model was derived in order to compare to the result of that of the damper. The data obtained from the dynamic load test were analyzed and plotted, and then a dynamic range was calculated to evaluate the usability of the damper with SMG. The performance of the damper with SMG was compared to the damping forse derived from the Power and Bingham model. The result of this evaluation shown that the usability of SMG damper was demonstrated by this test as a semi-active controlling equipment of small-sized damper.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.487-502
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• 2007

In recent decades there has been a trend towards improved mechanical characteristics of materials used in footbridge construction. It has enabled engineers to design lighter, slender and more aesthetic structures. As a result of these construction trends, many footbridges have become more susceptible to vibrations when subjected to dynamic loads. In addition to this, some inherit modelling uncertainties related to a lack of information on the as-built structure, such as boundary conditions, material properties, and the effects of non-structural elements make difficult to evaluate modal properties of footbridges, analytically. For these purposes, modal testing of footbridges is used to rectify these problems after construction. This paper describes an arch type steel footbridge, its analytical modelling, modal testing and finite element model calibration. A modern steel footbridge which has arch type structural system and located on the Karadeniz coast road in Trabzon, Turkey is selected as an application. An analytical modal analysis is performed on the developed 3D finite element model of footbridge to provide the analytical frequencies and mode shapes. The field ambient vibration tests on the footbridge deck under natural excitation such as human walking and traffic loads are conducted. The output-only modal parameter identification is carried out by using the peak picking of the average normalized power spectral densities in the frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification in the time domain, and dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies mode shapes and damping ratios are determined. The finite element model of footbridge is calibrated to minimize the differences between analytically and experimentally estimated modal properties by changing some uncertain modelling parameters such as material properties. At the end of the study, maximum differences in the natural frequencies are reduced from 22% to only %5 and good agreement is found between analytical and experimental dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes by model calibration.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2015

결합 기반 페리다이나믹 모델을 통해 다양한 동적취성파괴 현상을 해석할 수 있었지만, 결합 기반 모델은 다양한 재료 구성 모델을 표현하는데 여러 한계를 보여왔다. 특히 결합 기반 모델은 각 결합들이 서로 독립적으로 작용하도록 가정하였기 때문에 3차원 모델에서 포아송비가 1/4로 고정되며 전단 변형이 표현되지 못하고 체적 변형만이 모사되는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 상태 기반 페리다이나믹 모델을 통한 동적취성파괴 해석을 제시한다. 상태 기반 모델은 일종의 일반화된 페리다이나믹 모델로서 일반적인 재료 구성모델로부터 직접 페리다이나믹 재료 모델을 구성한다. 또한 연결된 모든 결합의 변형을 통해 각 절점의 재료 응답이 결정되기 때문에 체적 및 전단 변형이 모두 표현된다. 본 논문에서는 선형 탄성체에 대해서 상태 기반 평면 응력 페리다이나믹 모델을 소개하고 상태 기반 모델에 적합한 손상 모델에 대해 논의한다. 페리다이나믹 비국부 영역을 축소시키는 $\delta$-수렴성 연구를 통해 동적파괴 모델을 검증하고 상태 기반 모델이 동적 균열 전파를 모델링하는데 적합함을 확인하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.697-713
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• 2022

In the context of the finite elements method, the dynamic behavior of porous functionally graded double wishbone vehicle suspension structural system incorporating joints flexibility constraints under road bump excitation is studied and analyzed. The functionally graded material properties distribution through the thickness direction is simulated by the power law including the porosity effect. To explore the porosity effects, both classical and adopted porosity models are considered based on even porosity distribution pattern. The dynamic equations of motion are derived based on the Hamiltonian principle. Closed forms of the inertia and material stiffness components are derived. Based on the plane frame isoparametric Timoshenko beam element, the dynamic finite elements equations are developed incorporating joint flexibilities constraints. The Newmark's implicit direct integration methodology is utilized to obtain the transient vibration time response under road bump excitation. The presented procedure is validated by comparing the computational model results with the available numerical solutions and an excellent agreement is observed. Obtained results show that the decrease of porosity percentage and material graduation tends to decrease the deflection as well as the resulting stresses of the control arms thus improving the dynamic performance and increasing the service lifetime of the control arms.