• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1067-1072
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• 2016

Software birthmarks, which are unique characteristics of the software, are used to detect software plagiarism or software similarity. Generally, software birthmarks are divided into static birthmarks or dynamic birthmarks, which have evident pros and cons depending on the extraction method. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting the API sequence birthmarks using a dynamic analysis and similarity detection between the executable codes. Dynamic birthmarks based on API sequences extract API functions during the execution of programs. The extracted API sequences often include all the API functions called from the start to the end of the program. Meanwhile, our dynamic birthmark scheme extracts the API functions only called directly from the executable code. Then, it uses a sequence alignment algorithm to calculate the similarity metric effectively. We evaluate the birthmark with several open source software programs to verify its reliability and credibility. Our dynamic birthmark scheme based on the extracted API sequence can be utilized in a similarity test of executable codes.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

A software birthmark is a set of characteristics that are extracted from a program itself to detect code theft. A dynamic API birthmark is extracted from the run-time API call sequences of a program. The dynamic Windows API birthmarks of Tamada et al. are extracted from API call sequences during the startup period of a program. Therefore. the dynamic birthmarks cannot reflect characteristics of main functions of the program. In this paper. we propose a functional unit birthmark(FDAPI) that is defined as API call sequences recorded during the execution of essential functions of a program. To find out that some functional units of a program are copied from an original program. two FDAPIs are extracted by executing the programs with the same input. The FDAPIs are compared using the semi-global alignment algorithm to compute a similarity between two programs. Programs with the same functionality are compared to show credibility of our birthmark. Binary executables that are compiled differently from the same source code are compared to prove resilience of our birthmark. The experimental result shows that our birthmark can detect module theft of software. to which the existing birthmarks of Tamada et al. cannot be applied.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2021

Recently, with the widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT), the service structure has been studied to interact with various service domains. A common way to interact with other service domains is to develop the APIs needed to interact on the platform. However, to use a common method, we consider many costs and resources as APIs can increase while adding connections from other service domains. To address this issue, we propose the design and implementation of a dynamic API platform. The proposed platform can dynamically create APIs when requesting service applications, depending on the target service domain. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed platform, we develop a COVID-19 weekly infection status, regional infection status, and vaccination status service using dynamic APIs from the Public Data Portal using the proposed dynamic API platform and Node-RED.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

In this study a series of centrifuge tests were carried out in dry sand to analyze the comparison of lateral pile behavior for static loading and dynamic loading condition. In case of static loading condition, the lateral displacement was applied up to 50% of pile diameter by deflection control method. And the input sine wave of 0.1 g~0.4 g amplitude and 1 Hz frequency was applied at the base of the soil box using shaking table for dynamic loading condition. From comparison of experimental static p-y curve obtained from static loading tests with API p-y curves, API p-y curves can predict well within 20% error the ultimate subgrade reaction force of static loading condition. The ultimate subgrade reaction force of experimental dynamic p-y curve is 5 times larger than that of API p-y curves and experimental static p-y curves. Therefore, pseudo-static analysis applied to existing p-y curve for seismic design could greatly underestimate the soil resistance at non-linear domain and cause overly conservative design.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 2014

Debugger systems are necessary to apply dynamic program analysis when evaluating security properties of embedded system software. It may be possible to make the use of software-based debugger and/or DBI framework if target devices support general purpose operating systems, however, constraints on applicability as well as environmental transparency might be incurred thereby hindering overall analyzability. Analysis with JTAG (IEEE 1149.1) debugging devices can overcome these difficulties in that no change would be involved in terms of internal software environment. In that sense, JTAG API can facilitate to practically perform dynamic program analysis for evaluating security properties of target device software. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of JTAG API to enable analysis of ARM core based embedded systems. The API function set includes the categories of debugger and target device controls: debugging environment and operation. To verify API applicability, we also provide example analysis tool implementations: our JTAG API could be used to build kernel function fuzzing and live memory forensics modules.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2009

With the advent of Web 2.0, OpenAPIs are becoming an increasing trend to emphasize Web as platform recently. OpenAPIs are used to combine services and generate new services by mashup. However because the standard documents for OpenAPIs do not exist, it may restrict the use of OpenAPIs. Previous studies of OpenAPIs mashup have been limited to tool design or language definition for service combination rather than dynamic composition. On the other hand, Web services that are a software technology implementing SOA provide standard documents such as WSDL to explain each service, UDDI to register it, and SOAP to transfer messages. Thus Web applications can interpret and execute services by using these technologies. Recent works have also been performed to provide semantic features and dynamic composition for SOA. If a dynamic and systematic approach is provided to combine Web services and OpenAPIs, Web applications can provide users with diverse services. In this study, we present a SOA based framework for mashup of OpenAPIs and Web services. The framework supports dynamic composition of OpenAPIs and Web services, where the process of composite services is described in OWL-S. A prototype is provided to validate our framework. The framework is expected to add diversity to typical Web services.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.198-201
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• 2009

오늘날 운영체계와 미들웨어는 수많은 API를 제공하고 있다. 최종 사용자들이 사용하는 응용 프로그램들은 이러한 API를 활용하여 개발되어지고 있다. 기존의 문서와 같은 형태의 API에 대한 기술은 기계가 자동적으로 처리하기 힘들며 개발자 입장에서도 API를 이해하기 위해서 책을 직접 읽고 이해해야 한다는 단점이 있다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 docgen과 같은 도구들이 있으나 결국은 개발자 관점에서는 API를 직접 숙지하여야 하며 응용 프로그램 상에서 직접 운영체계에서 제공하는 API 호출 부분을 작성하여 개발하여야 한다는 부분은 동일하다. 또한 서로 다른 다양한 운영체계에서는 형식은 다르지만 유사한 기능을 제공을 하는 API들이 있으나 개발자는 특정 운영체계의 API에 맞추어서 각각의 운용체계에 맞는 응용 프로그램을 개발하여야 하는 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 API에 대한 정보에 대한 규격을 정의하고 각각의 API의 기능 및 특성에 대하여 메타 기술언어를 사용하여 기술하여 저장소에 저장해두고 실행시에 이러한 API정보를 사용하여 응용 프로그램과 동적으로 바인딩시켜서 실행시키는 체계에 대해서 논의한다. 응용 프로그램에서 사용하려고 하는 API와 운영체계에서 제공하는 API를 동적으로 결합시키는 엔진에서는 운영체계별 API의 차이에 의한 부분을 상쇄시키는 역할을 담당한다. 이러한 체계를 활용하면 동적으로 재구성 가능한 응용을 개발하는데 있어서 하부 시스템으로 활용될 수 있다. 향후 표준 API를 기술하는데 있어서도 본 연구에서 제시하는 메타 방식의 API 기술표현을 활용하면 보다 정확한 표준 규약 준수 여부를 확인할 수 있는 방법을 제공할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.71-79
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• 2006

Recently, embedded systems like mobile and portable devices are quickly disseminated around the world. Since these.devices need more computation power as the applications become gradually complicated, the bettery lifetime becomes the most serious constraints. So research efforts have been focused on reducing the power consumption, resulting in producing devices with low-power H/W and S/W components. In this paper, we propose a low-power Java API set using the dynamic power management (DPM) scheme in the J2ME Java Platform on the real-time operating system UbiFOSTM and show that we could save energy up to 30% through experiments using the API set.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.289-295
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• 2016

Malware authors spread malware variants in order to evade detection. It's hard to detect malware variants using static analysis. Therefore dynamic analysis based on API call information is necessary. In this paper, we proposed a malware family recommendation method to assist malware analysts in classifying malware variants. Our proposed method extract API call information of malware families by dynamic analysis. Then the multiple sequence alignment technique was applied to the extracted API call information. A signature of each family was extracted from the alignment results. By the similarity of the extracted signatures, our proposed method recommends three family candidates for unknown malware. We also measured the accuracy of our proposed method in an experiment using real malware samples.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.552-556
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• 2005

이동통신사의 다양한 플랫폼은 콘텐츠 개발회사의 다중개발에 의한 경제적 손실을 발생시키고 경쟁력약화로 이어져 다양한 콘텐츠 개발에 집중하지 못하고 있는 문제점을 안고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 기존의 무선인터넷 플랫폼 환경을 WIPI(Wireless Internet Platform (or Interoperability) 라는 모바일 표준 플랫폼으로 표준화하게 되었다. WIPI 표준 플랫폼은 다운로드에 의한 DLL(Dynamic Linking Library)을 지원함에 따라 무선망을 통해 동적으로 API (Application Programming Interface)를 추가/갱신하는 기능을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 메모리 사용을 최소화 및 최적화하여 성능을 개선한 콘텐츠 뷰어를 개발하고, 이를 통해 동적 API 추가 및 갱신 모듈을 구현함으로써 효율적인 WIPI 콘텐츠 제작 환경을 제공하고자 한다.