• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.646-652
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• 2017

In order to clarify an availability of water treatment for persimmon extract dyeing, effect of color developing by water treatment process on cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon extract was investigated. Dyed fabrics were dipped still water and circulation water in various temperature. Concerning water color developing, still water color developing and circulation water color developing have been examined, and the temperature of water has been apprehended to prepare an effective basis of water color development. The surface color based on circulation water color development displays low values of $a^{\ast}$ and $b^{\ast}$, and the range of the c value(Munsell chroma) is narrow and has the value of 2 to 3, thus displays the coloration of a dark tone. The effect of temperature in water color development was insignificant, due to the small difference in temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $40^{\circ}C$. At $80^{\circ}C$, remarkable color development manifested, which is evidence of the high influence of temperature. The effects of circulation were clear at low temperatures, and the effects of temperature highly manifested at high temperatures. Circulation water color development display great color development at all temperatures to allow industrial color development with the absence of sunlight, thereby having an effect of energy reduction and developing color in dark tones, however this also is a strength of persimmon extract concerning color diversification, and is judged to have great value of industrial and practical application.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 1996

Low-temperature plasma treatment or sputter etching is of interest as one of the techniques to modify polymer surface. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET), nylon 6 and cotton fabrics dyed three black dyes were subjected to low-temperature argon plasma and also sputter etching. In relation to bathochromic effect, the surface characteristics of the treated fabrics and films were investigated by means of critical surface tension, SEM and ESCA measurement. The depth of shade of fabrics more increased by the sputter etching technique than argon plasma treatment. Many microcraters on the fiber surface formed by the sputter etching resulted in increase of surface area of the fiber and wettability, but the hydrophobic group was increased by the results of ESCA analysis. In particular the change in reflective index of the fibers was much more effective than the chemical composition of the fiber surface on increasing of the depth of shade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 1995

Cotton fabric was treated with acrylonitrile in t-butyl alcohol and then aminized by reduction of the resultant cyanoethyl cellulose with LiAIH4, under various temperatures and times. Aminized cotton fabric toras dyed with acid and reactive dye. Dyeability as to temperatures, pH, and color fastness were compared to the amiRe group content of treated cotton fabrics. The results of this study were as follow: 1. D.S of cyanoethyl cellulose has been increased by increasing treating temperatures and times. Maximum D.S of cyanoethyl cellulose was 1.45. By SEM and the tensile strength, the damage of the treated cotton was not observed. 2. Since aminized cotton has greater affinity on acid dye than untreated cotton, dyeability increased with the increase of amino group content, and the lower pH, $60^{\circ}C$. 3. Since amino group in aminized cotton changes surface charge of cotton, dyeability for reactive dye increased by increasing the amino group content. Optimum dyeability was obtained at pH 5-7, $40^{\circ}C$. And dyeability of the amine treated cotton increased with the NaCl conc. 4. Color fastness to washing & light of the amine treated cotton was very low except for the wash fastness of the reactive dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2020

The previous study reported that the quaternary copolymer of MMA, BA, MAA, and NEA was expected to be a good monomer composition for a binder polymer with good rubbing fastness for digital textile printing(DTP) pigment ink. However, the rubbing fastness of the dyed fabric with the quaternary copolymer binder containing pigment ink is not enough to be commercially used. Therefore, this study aims to optimize MMA:BA:MAA:NEA composition for improved rubbing fastness. And the binder polymer with various MMA:BA:MAA:NEA compositions were synthesized using miniemulsion polymerization. The particle size, viscosity, molecular weight, and Tg of the synthesized binder were evaluated. And the color strength and rubbing fastness of the black pigment ink dyed cotton fabrics with the prepared binders were also evaluated. Then, the stiffness of undyed and dyed cotton fabrics were evaluated to investigate the changes in touch as the binder structure changes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

The natural dyeing of cotton fabric with gardenia blue powder was studied. Cotton fabrics were treated with chitosan in order to increase K/S values and colorfastness. K/S values were increased with increasing the concentration of gardenia blue powder, dyeing time and temperature, and the lower pH of dye bath. In case of chitosan finishing, K/S values were increased, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ shifted to 600nm at 400nm. The wash fastness was improved, but the abrasion fastness was lowered in the case of wet rubbing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 1995

In order to reduce the amount of waste water generated from textile dyeing process and processing water, cotton fabric was bleached with ozone in ozone/water contact system, and dyed. The results obtained from the measurement of whiteness, reflectance, tensile strength, color difference, and K/S value of treated samples were as follow : 1) In ozone bleaching, factors affect whiteness most are treatment time and ozone dosage. As treatment time is lengthened, whiteness increases. Futhermore, bleaching effect is high in acidic treatment, but low in alkaline treatment. 2) As bleaching goes on, maximum absorption wave length shifts to shoter wavelengths. 3) As treatment time is lengthened or pH of treatment is low, tensile strenth of treated fabric decrease. 4) In all cases, color difference of dyed cotton fabrics in above 2% o.w.f. dyestuff concentration don't go beyond 1∼2 AN unit, compared with standard.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.317-328
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• 2012

In this study, printing was introduced to the common dip-dyeing method of persimmon juice dyeing so as to develop two different colored persimmon juice dyed fabrics with printings of 'jorangmal' patterns (a national monument) instead of producing a plain textile. Following are the results of a comparative study between the persimmon dyed fabric and undyed fabric, both with printings, in terms of its properties, and hand values. Cotton and rayon were chosen as samples and were compared separately. Firstly, the samples showed differences in terms of clarity and visual sensation depending on the presence of persimmon dye, even if the same pattern and color was used. Secondly, the air permeability of two samples improved after persimmon dyeing even though their thickness increased, and their moisture regain increased as well in all humidity conditions. Thirdly, protectiveness against UV increased in dyed samples, and sweat, sunlight, and compound colorfastness improved in printed dye-fabrics compared to plain dyed ones. Therefore, printing proved to be effective in preventing discoloration. Fourthly, tensile linearity and resilience, bending rigidity, compressive linearity and resilience, and shearing stiffness increased more in the dyed samples compared to undyed ones. However, shearing recovery decreased in both dyed fabrics. Fifthly, the result of its hand value showed that Koshi value increased in all samples than undyed ones, whereas Fukurami, Numeri, and Softosa values decreased. Incorporating printing in persimmon dyeing process could expect creative outcomes not only in today's diverse fashion but in areas of arts or crafts as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.992-1001
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• 1996

The binding of polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molecular weight 600) to cotton fabrics was achieved by using pad-dry-cure process in the presence of citric acid, MgCl3·6H3O, DMDHEU, and TEAHCL. Treated fabrics were dyed with direct, acid, and basic dye. Wrinkle recovery angles, durable press rate, wettability, dyeability and color fastness to washing of all treated cottons were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The wrinkle resistance of the PEG treated cottons was increased by increasing PEG and DMDHEU concentration. 2. The wettability of the PEG treated cottons was decreased by increasing PEG and DMDHEU concentration, increased by increasing TEAHCL concentration. 3. PEG/DMDHEU/TEAHCL treated cottons had greater affinity on direct, acid, and basic dye than untreated cottons, and dyeability of the modified cottons was improved compare to untreated fabrics. 4. Color fastness to washing of the PEG/DMDHEU/TEAHCL treated cottons was good except for the wash fastness of the direct dye.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

UV-induced surface copolymerization has been widely applied as a simple, useful and versatile approach to improve the surface properties of textiles. C.I. Reactive Black 5 and acrylic acid (AA) were continuously grafted onto cotton by UV irradiation. The photografting may occur by the copolymerization of AA with the vinylsulfone reactive dye which photochemically converted from the bissulfatoethylsulfone reactive group. The graft yield and color yield were influenced by UV energy, the dye and photoinitiator concentrations, a mole ratio of AA to dye, and pH. The coloration of cotton fabrics having a K/S of 7.0 can be obtained under a UV irradiation energy of 15$J/cm^2$ by the photografting of an aqueous alkaline formulation of 6% dye concentration containing 3% photoinitiator concentration on the weight of monomers, and a 3:1 mole ratio addition of AA to the dye. Furthermore, the photochemically dyed cotton fabrics showed comparable washing (staining) and rubbing fastness to conventional reactive dyeing method except shade change in the wash fastness and light fastness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2012

To evaluate the Hwangsu spring as natural mordants effect on dyeing. The natural mordant effect of Hwangsu spring was analyzed by pH, temperature, trace elements and organic matter. Hwangsu spring having pH 2.42 and $14.4^{\circ}C$ was harvested at the end of September, 2011, in Yeongcheon(Gyeongbuk Province, Korea) and left on a $0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ before use. The Result of ICP analysis, it contain bned Fe(414.9 ppm), Al(88.9 ppm), Mn(4.9 ppm). Dyeing and post-mordant procedure; Fabrics(cotton, silk, rayon) were dyed with natural colorants(Sopbora Japonica L., Caesalpinia sappan L., Allium cepa L.) for 20 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Hwangsu spring, aluminium sulfate $14-18H_2O(Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14-18H_2O)$, iron sulfate peptahydrate($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), copper sulfate pentahydrate($CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$) were used by post mordants. But in the case of Caesalpinia sappan L. was dyed after pre-mordanting with Al(II). The fabrics were dyed with each mordant solutions at $25^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The colorless also was measured by color-differnce meter. Comparison with a synthetic mordants, the K/S values of cotton fabrics dyed with Hwangsu sping were increased.