• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1994

Wool fabrics were treated with low temperature oxygen plasma and/or protease, and examined for their mechanical and dyeing properties. By plasma-treatment the strength of wool fabric increased and higher rate of weight loss for protease treatment was obtained. When dyed by levelling type acid dye equilibrium dye uptake appeared same, but rate of dyeing increased by the plasma treatment, while, with milling type acid dye, both of them increased greatly in the order of untreatedplasma/protease-treated. It was assumed from the above results that plasma affects the surface of fiber, and enzyme attacks mainly the inner part of fiber. This was confirmed again by scanning electron microscope.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.238-250
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• 2012

This study examined the degradation behavior of SB(standard berberine) dye and SB dyed silk using HPLC-MS instrument after degradation in the hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet ray radiation/oxygen system up to 9 days and 40 hours respectively. In the degraded samples, berberine was detected at 5.2 min in the SB dye and 5.3 min in the SB dyed silk with its molecular ion=336 and the UV spectra of quaternary alkaloid. Degradation product 3(m/z=102) newly appeared after 5 day degradation treatment with continued increase till the end of degradation treatment. The amount of berberine in the degraded dye decreased with degradation progression. In the silk dyeings, berberine was detected only up to 21 hour degradation sample. The amount of berberine decreased dramatically during the first 6 hours of degradation treatment. The CIELAB color measurement of the silk dyeings showed dramatic change in the b* value, near zero in the 40 hour degraded silk. CIELAB and Munsell color measurements were in agreement with the HPLC-MS results of the dyed silk in the change of berberine content that the degraded silk became white and lost yellow color.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Coagulation process using aluminum sulfate ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$) and ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) was employed as a treatment method for decolorization of a synthetic textile wastewater containing red dye in this paper. Factors such as initial pH, coagulant dosage, initial concentration, conductivity and mixing conditions that influence color removal efficiency were experimentally tested. It was found that $Al_2(SO_4)_3$ is more efficient than $FeCl_3$ as coagulant. When $40mgL^{-1}$ aluminum sulfate was used, results showed that color induced by the red dye was efficiently removed (> 90 %) and was obtained in a large range of initial pH from 4 to 8 with, and for a dye concentration lower than $235mg\;L^{-1}$. After addition of the coagulant, the medium had to be mixed for 30 min at 60 rpm, then allowed to settle for 40 min. The effects of water conductivity in the range $0.035-2.42mS\;cm^{-1}$ and dye concentration up to $380mg\;L^{-1}$ were also followed and discussed.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2020

The current study focused on the preparation of low-cost PVC-based adsorbing membrane. Metakaolin, as available adsorbent, was embedded into the PVC matrix via solution blending method. The as-prepared PVC/metakaolin mixed matrix membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), pure water permeability and contact angle measurements. The results confirmed the improvement of PWP and hydrophilicity due to the presence of metakaolin in the PVC matrix. Additionally the structure of PVC membrane was changed due to the incorporation of metakaolin in the polymer matrix. The static adsorption capacity of all samples was determined through dye removal. The effect of metakaolin dosage (0-7%) and pH (4, 8, 12) on dye adsorption capacity was investigated. The results depicted that the highest adsorption capacity was achieved at pH of 4 for all samples. Additionally, adsorption data were fitted on Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models to determine the appropriate governing isotherm model. Finally, the dynamic adsorption capacity of the optimum PVC/metakaolin membrane was studied using dead-end filtration cell. The dye removal efficiency was determined for pure PVC and PVC/metakaolin membrane. The results demonstrated that PVC/metakaolin mixed matrix membrane had a high adsorption capacity for dye removal from aqueous solution.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.477-493
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• 2016

Immediate use of activated carbon incorporated polysulfone membrane application for dye separation was reported in this work. Dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as the solvent for the membrane preparation. The membrane thus prepared were characterized in terms of surface morphology, ATR-FTIR, AFM, experimental results as membrane performance. The resultant nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested with Congo red dye concentration 200 mg/L. The water permeability was found to be considerably higher than that reported in literature. Experimental results show that the real rejection of the Congo red is 99.57% over the transmembrane pressure 100 psi using 30% activated carbon incorporated membrane. Prepared NF membranes shows the corresponding permeates fluxes were $40Lm^{-2}h^{-1}$ to $82Lm^{-2}h^{-1}$ with different activated carbon percentage incorporated in polysulfone membrane. The present study demonstrated that dye rejection enhanced NF may be a feasible method for the dye wastewater treatment. The overall observations thus indicated that toxic residual dyes can be appreciably separated from the membrane technology, provided that the accompanying polymeric membrane, activated carbon as binding agents and the process parameter levels are astutely selected.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2023

The dye wastewater discharge from the textile industries mainly affects the aquatic environment. Hence, the treatment of this wastewater is essential for a pollutant-free environment. The purpose of this research is to optimize the dye removal efficiency for process influencing independent variables such as pH, electrolysis time (ET), and current density (CD) by using Box-Behnken design (BBD) optimization and Genetic Algorithm (GA) modelling. The electrocoagulation treatment technique was used to treat the synthetically prepared Reactive Black dye solution under batch mode potentiometric operations. The percentage of error for the BBD optimization was significantly greater than for the GA modelling results. The optimum factors determined by GA modelling were CD-59.11 mA/cm², ET-24.17 minutes, and pH-8.4. At this moment, the experimental and predicted dye removal efficiencies were found to be 96.25% and 98.26%, respectively. The most and least predominant factors found by the beta coefficient were ET and pH respectively. The outcome of this research shows GA modeling is a better tool for predicting dye removal efficiencies as well as process influencing factors.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2006

This study aims to attain gray tone dyed goods by using tannin that is contained in green tea. Tannin is given general name of polyphenol, which has a characteristic that bonds with protein and it is used for food preservative that protects against bacteria, as well as its purpose of black tone dye for silk treatment that has been processed since its early ages. In particular, as tannin reacts with all kinds of metallic mordant and changes to various colors, when tannin acid is combined with iron, it becomes tannin steel and produces gray tone color. Tannin that is contained in green tea is condensed tannins and its structure does not hydrolyze, thus having flavan type structure. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of green tea tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of green tea tannin was at around 273nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of green tea tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consisted highly of gray tones and showed overall gray tone with the combined color of yellow and red after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased, the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Additionally, lightfastness was more on a normal fading.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2002

Anaerobic/aerobic reactor system was used to treat a synthetic wastewater with glucose as carbon sources(0.38~2.29 kg COD/m3.day) and Acid Red 14(1.05 "24.00 g Acid Red 141m3.day, color degree of 570 ~ 1710). COD removal efficiency by the anaerobic stage in operation period were above 90 % organic loading rate of 0.38 ~ 2.29 kg COD/m3.day(except, adaptation period) and the removal efficiency of the whole system were above 96 %. The decolorization of the Acid Red 14 was through the alteration of the dye structure(or cleavage of the Azo bond) during the anaerobic treatment. In the A/A system, the anaerobic stage played an essential role in removing both color and COD. In addition it also improves biodegradability of dye f3r further aerobic treatment. After operation, average MLSS concentration of anaerobic sludge reactor, anaerobic fixed-bed reactor and aerobic fixed-bed reactor were 17100mg/L, 20000mg/L, and 10000mg/L, respectively.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.971-977
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• 1998

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of nautral dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Rhusjara ica was studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Rhusjara ica were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The most absorbance of Rhusjara ica solution was 299 nm. The color of Rhusjara ica solution was affected by pH 8~9. The optimum temperature to extract Rhusjara ica was 6$0^{\circ}C$ and dyeing solution for 1 hour. Effective dyeing time to silk was 60min. Effective mordanting temperature was 80~10$0^{\circ}C$, and its time was 30 min. K/S value of dyeing fabrics was recoginazed by mordanting treatment, specially Fe, Al, Cu. K/S value of pre-mordanting was higher than post-mordanting. In the case of Rhusjara ica fastness was increased by mordanting treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.43-55
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• 1996

When some disperse dye was decolored with oxidation power of ozone, the results in investigation of decoloration behavior with dye solution and its order of reaction and variation of TOC were as follow: 1. Order of decoloration for Some disperse dye is C.I. Disperse Blue 79>Blue 73> Red 343>Red 60>Blue 354>Yellow 42. 2. Velocity of decoloration for the all dyestuffs was the fastest when pH 3. 3. TOC was rapidly reduced between 10 min. and 20 min. 4. For the reduction of TOC ozone was needs many times as compared with decoloration of dyestuffs.