• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.333-341
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• 2006

The concept for the decolorization in biological dye wastewater treatment systems is based on anaerobic treatment, for the reductive cleavage of the dyes' azo linkages, in combination with aerobic treatment, for the degradation of the products from azo dye cleavage, aromatic amines. Batch tests were conducted to examine the conditions and the factors affecting biological treatment of dye wastewater. From the tests, the removal efficiencies of organics and colors of dyeing wastewater were improved to $COD_{Cr}$ 27% and color 9% by injecting 10% of the domestic wastewater as a cosubstrate, and $COD_{Cr}$ 30%, color 22% with 30% injection of domestic wastewater. Therefore it was proved that decolorization efficiency is demonstrated with domestic wastewater as a cosubstrate. The analysis of aromatic amines in wastewater showed that decolorization was achieved by cometabolism while aromatic amines were produced by cleavage of azo bonds under anaerobic conditions and these products were removed in an aerobic tank subsequently.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

In this study, the removal of MB from saline solutions was evaluated by two methods by adsorption and electrodialysis; the adsorption of the mixture dye/salt on dried orange peel waste (OPW) was studied in batch method. In this study the biosorption of cationic dye by OPW was investigated as a function of initial solution pH, and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. The maximal dye uptake at $pH{\geq}3.6$ in the absence and in the presence of salt and the dye uptake diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt up to 8 g/L. The Redlich Peterson and Langmuir were the most suitable adsorption models for describing the biosorption equilibrium data of the dye both individually and in salt containing medium. As well, this work deals with the electrodialysis application to remove the dye. Synthetic solutions were used for the investigation of the main operational factors affecting the treatment performance; such as applied voltage, pH, initial dye concentration and ionic strength. The experimental results for adsorption and electrodialysis confirmed the importance of electrostatic interactions on the dye. The electrodialysis process with standard ion exchange membranes enabled efficient desalination of cationic dye solutions; there are two main factors in fouling: electrostatic interaction between cations of dyes and the fixed charged groups of the CEM, and affinity interactions.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

We use UV(ultraviolet)-$O_3$ treatment to increase the surface area and porosity of $TiO_2$ films in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). After the UV-$O_3$ treatment, surface area and porosity of the $TiO_2$ films were increased, the increased porosity lead to amount of dye loading and solar conversion efficiency was improved. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images clearly showed that the nanocrystalline porosity of films were increased by UV-$O_3$ treatment. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area of the $TiO_2$ films were increased from $0.71cm^2/g$ to $1.31cm^2/g$ by using UV-$O_3$ treatment for 20 min. Also, UV-$O_3$ treatment of $TiO_2$ films significantly enhanced their solar conversion efficiency. The efficiency of the films without treatment was 4.9%, and was increased to 5.6% by UV-$O_3$ treatment for 20 min. Therefore the process enhanced the solar conversion efficiency of DSSCs, and can be used to develop high sensitivity DSSCs.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1992

The dyeing characteristics of Dylon hand dyes on the cotton & silk fabric were studied, and the fastnesses of Dylon hand dyes were compared with those of direct & acid dyes. The results are as follows. 1. Dye adsorption of Dylon hand dyes increased as the concentration of dye increased. 2. Dye adsorption was increased as treatment time increased, and reached to eqilibrium after forty minutes treatment. 3. The temperature at mixiumum adsorption was 6$0^{\circ}C$, in the range of lower temperature than 6$0^{\circ}C$ color was changed, in the range of higher temperature adsorption of dye was decreased. 4. Dye adsorption was increased in direct proprotion to NaCl concentration and reached to equilibrium. But NaCl concentration of even and maximum adsorption was 5%. 5. Wash fastness of Dylon hand dyes was better than direct & acid dyes, but light fastness was worse.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2003

Cotton fabric md nylon fabric were chosen as base fabric specimens for dyeing using Japanese pagoda tree colorants through chitosan, treatment. With the chitosan treatment, the dye-uptake of the treated fabric increased. This treatment is also expected to be effective in terms of environment-friendliness. The effect of the dyeing methods, mordanting or non-mordanting, and chitosan treatment on the dye-uptake and air permeability of the treated fabrics was investigated. In case of cotton fabric, Al mordanted dyeing resulted in higher dye-uptake through the chitosan treatment. Therefore, the chitosan treatment is effective in this case. Japanese pagoda tree seems to have direct affinity for nylon fabric without the mordanting treatment. In case of cotton fabric, it seems that the cellulose molecules, colorants, and the chitosan make a complex, thereby reducing the air permeability. In case of nylon fabric, due to the fact the Japanese pagoda tree colorant molecules form direct physical bonding with the nylon molecules, it seems that there is not much of air permeability reduction.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2010

An alkalophilic microorganism capable of degrading dyes was developed for the treatment of alkaline dye solution. This strain was identified as Pseudomonas species. Using this microorganism, biological treatment of dye was studied in Erlenmeyer flasks. The characteristics of this microorganism were observed under various incubating-condition such as temperature, pH, nitrogen source, and macronutrients concentration. The removal effciencies of Disperse Red 60 from synthetic wastewater were 33.5 ~ 36.9% at the range of $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, and they were 31.1 ~ 36.7% at the range of initial pH 8 ~ pH 10, respectively. The optimal culture medium was found to be 0.25%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.25%(w/v) polypeptone, 0.1%(w/v) $KH_2PO_4$, 0.2%(w/v) $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and 1.0%(w/v) $Na_2CO_3$. In treatment of various dyes using Erlenmeyer flasks, the removal effciencies of Disperse Blue 87, Disperse Yellow 64, Disperse Red 60, Acid Blue 193, Acid Red 138, and Direct Yellow 23 were found to be 76%, 71%, 58%, 93%, 94%, and 90% respectively after 24hrs reaction of alkalophilic strain Pseudomonas sp. YBE-12.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the effects of anodizing time, dyeing treatment time, and variations in coloring concentration on the color of an AA5052 alloy processed by dye-treated anodizing. The outward color of the anodized film changed to deep red according to increases in anodizing time, dyeing treatment time, and coloring concentration; accordingly, lightness $L^*$ decreased and saturation $a^*$ and $b^*$ increased. The concentration of the dye and the UV-visible absorbance showed a nearly perfect linear relationship, allowing a quantitative analysis of the absorbed dye. Because the quantity of absorbed dye increased as anodizing time, dyeing treatment time, and coloring concentration increased, the outward color of the anodized film deepened. In addition, from the GD-OES depth profile, we found that the dye was preferentially absorbed on the surface of the porous anodized film.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1228-1241
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• 2011

This research compares the change in berberine content in liquid dye and the color and dye uptake of amur cork tree dyed silk upon thermal degradation treatment. Thermal degradation of amur cork tree extract and liquid dye of standard berberine was carried out at room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ refrigeration, and $100^{\circ}C$ oven conditions for 0-192 hours. Amur cork tree dyed silk was treated in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven for 0-240 hours. The berberine content in liquid dye was measured by the relative abundance of the berberine peak in the HPLC-MS chromatograms. The color and dye uptake of dyed silk was measured using K/S value and colorimetric data. The berberine content in standard berberine dye was 2.4 times that of the amur cork tree extract. A similar result was observed between the K/S value of standard berberine dyed silk and that of amur cork tree dyed silk. The berberine dyed silk showed the highest dye uptake after 120 hours in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven. This result was similar to the change in a berberine content in liquid dye in a $100^{\circ}C$ oven treatment. The change of the K/S value of amur cork tree dyed silk and berberine content of amur cork tree extract was similar up to 24 hours. The result suggests that there is a direct relationship between the color change of amur cork tree dyed silk and the berberine content in amur cork tree dye.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2005

The study has objective in raising value of the gray color as a meaningful color suiting sentiments of modern people by expressing the gray color in various perspective utilizing natural dyes that is natural at the same time having aesthetic color tones. For example, the main ingredient used for coloring black and gray color is the pyrogallol tannin and the gray tone dye can be acquired by combining the tannin with iron. In order to find the suitable condition for processing tannin, UV-Vis part absorption spectrum of Gallapple pyrogallol tannin, dye ability based on temperature and time, reflection rate based on concentration, color changes based on acid treatment and alkali treatment, changes on surface based on concentration or metal mordant condition, and lightfastness were measured. Maximum absorption wavelength (${\lambda}_{max}$) of Gallapple tannin was at around 273 nm, while strong absorption was also observed at below 350 nm. Dye ability of Gallapple tannin is done more easily on silk rather than cellulose fibers such as cotton, while the optimum condition for dyeing was observed to be at $60^{\circ}C$, for 20 minutes. As a result of acid treatment, the color of dye material consist highly of gray tones and showed red tone after the alkali treatment. While it was observed that as dye concentration and metal mordant concentration increased the color changed at counter-clockwise direction on the Y-scale of Munsell's scale of colors. Lightfastness was more on a normal fading. I hope this study opens up possibilities towards presenting gray color expressed from tannin as color with diversity and aesthetic value. In future, comparative study between dye expressed from catechol tannin dye materials will be helpful.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2001

Dyeing properties of the colorants extracted from pomegranate hull on cotton fabric were investigated. Effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change and colorfastness were explored. Cationic agent treatment was done for cotton to improve low dyeability in natural dyeing. In addition antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabrics dyed with pomegranate colorants was examined by the shake flask method. Pomegranate colorants showed low affinity to cotton fiber and its adsorption isotherm was Freundlich type. Therefore, hydrogen bonding was involved in the adsorption of pomegranate colorants onto cotton fiber. Mordants did not significantly increase dye adsorption. Pomegranate colorants produced mainly yellow color on cotton fabric. In order to improve dye uptake, cotton was cationized by treating with Cationon UK(quarterly ammonium salt) and chitosan. The cationized cotton with Cationon UK showed higher dye uptake and shorter dyeing time, compared with the untreated cotton. Chitosan treated cotton also showed high dye uptake, but chitosan was less effective compared with Cationon UK. Fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing was not improved by mordanting and cationizing treatment, but light fastness was increased by all mordants and cationic agent. As dye concentration increased, bacterial reduction rate was increased and mordants did not significantly increase bacterial reduction rate.