• 생약학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1976

The hitherto existing gap in the field of chromatographic methods has been filled by the direct coupling of a suitable oven (TAS-oven) with TLC. The sample to be examined is heated either isothermally or linearly within the temperature gradient of $50{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. The volatile and/or thermolytically evolved substances are fractionated on the TLC-layer and subsequently chromatographed under standard conditions. Transport mechanisms from the sample to the TLC-layer, applications of the TAS-procedure and further developments are discussed. Thermofractography, developed from the TAS-procedure, is demonstrated on different groups of natural substances such as alkaloids, amino acids, nucleic acids. nucleosides, nucleotides, triglycerides and other lipids, pyrone glycosides and aglycon. Experimental work and results on the thermolysis of macromolecular natural and synthetic substances, natural polyphenols, tanning agents and leather and the possibilities of differentiating various lignins, carbohydrate and synthetic polymers are reported. Further, it is shown that classical reactions in the microgram range, e.g. zinc dust distillation, sulphur-and selenium dehydrogenation and catalytic dehydrogenation, can be coupled directly with TLC. Also described is a method which allows to investigate the gaseous compounds evolved during thermofractography in the range of up to $450^{\circ}C$. Thermal procedures coupled with TLC open up the following new possibilities for chemical microanalysis: fractionated separation of distillable and sublimable components, fractionated thermolysis and carrying out of thermal reactions in the ultra micro range.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.55.1-55.1
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• 2011

Luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs; $L_{IR}$ > ${10^{11}}_{Lsun}$) are the most powerful objects in the local Universe. Previous work suggested that dust re-processing of starburst and/or active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity, triggered by galaxy interactions, is responsible for their enormous infrared emission. To understand the nature of LIRGs, it is essential to determine their spectral types. Optical spectral types of 115 ultraluminous infrared galaxies in the southern sky are presented using CTIO observations. The AGN fraction is on average 50% and increases with infrared luminosity. Near-infrared spectral types of 36 LIRGs are also presented based on AKARI observations. In the sample, 12 optically elusive buried AGNs are found. To investigate the evolutionary sequence of LIRGs, star formation histories of ~6000 LIRGs in the SDSS and IRAS/AKARI matched sample are derived by comparing observed optical spectra and stellar population models. AGN-dominated LIRGs are currently massive relative to starburst-dominated LIRGs, which originates from an enhancement of star formation at intermediate-ages. For ~1100 early-type LIRGs, optical and NIR fundamental planes (FPs) are constructed. The FP of LIRGs is significantly different from that of normal early-type galaxies, but the difference is minimized in low luminous and AGN-like LIRGs. These findings support that the importance of AGN is growing as infrared luminosity increases and that LIRGs follow at least in the high mass regime the standard evolutionary scenario: starburst LIRGs evolve into AGN LIRGs and finally into normal early-type galaxies.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Agricultural practice and improper waste disposal in developing regions have resulted in environmental degradation in land and waters, for which low-cost, proven solutions are needed. We demonstrate in the laboratory the applications of composting and trickling filter techniques to treat olive mill wastes that can be implemented in the West Bank and other regions of the world. To a pomace waste sample from a California mill, we amended with saw dust (wood carbon source) and baking soda ($NaHCO_3$ alkalinity) at weight ratios of waste/wood/$NaHCO_3$ at 70:27:1 and composted it for periods of 11 and 48 days; the compost was used as an additive to potting soil for transplanting. The pomace sample was also blended into slurry and introduced to a water-circulating pond and trickling filter system (P/TF) to examine any inhibitive effect of the pomace on biological removal of the organic waste. The results showed the compost-amended potting soil supported plant growth without noticeable stress over 34 days and the P/TF system removed BOD and COD by >90% from the waste liquid within 2 days, with a first-order rate constant of 1.9 $d^{-1}$ in the pond. An onsite treatment design is proposed that promises implementation for agricultural waste disposal in developing regions.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2012

We present the results of Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) fitting of far-infrared galaxies detected in the AKARI Deep Field-South (ADF-S) Survey and discuss their physical properties. Additionally, we perform a comparison between photometric redshifts estimated using only optical and both optical and infrared data. We conclude that our sample consists mostly of nearby galaxies rich in dust and young stars. We observe an improvement in the estimation of photometric redshifts when the IR data are included, comparing to a standard approach based mainly on the optical to UV photometry.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.345-346
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• 2012

Starting from an infrared selected GALEX-SDSS-2MASS-AKARI sample of local star forming galaxies, we built mock samples from redshift 0 to 2.5 to investigate star formation rate (SFR) calibrations using WISE luminosities. We find W3 and W4 band fluxes can indicate SFRs with small scatters when the rest-frame wavelengths are longer than ${\sim}6{\mu}m$. When the wavelength becomes shorter, the observed luminosities are more tightly connected to the emission of old stellar populations than dust, therefore lose the reliability to trace the SFR. The current SFR calibrations are consistent with previous studies.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 2013

I will present a new approach to constrain galaxy physical parameters from the combined interpretation of stellar and nebular emission in wide ranges of observations. This approach relies on a comprehensive library of synthetic spectra, assembled using state-of-the-art models of star formation and chemical enrichment histories, stellar population synthesis, nebular emission and attenuation by dust. We focus on the constraints set by 5-band photometry and low- and medium-resolution spectroscopy at optical rest wavelengths on a few physical parameters characterizing the stars and interstellar medium. Since these parameters cannot be known a priori for any galaxy sample, we assess the accuracy to which they can be retrieved by simulating 'pseudo-observations' using models with known parameters. We find that the combined analysis of stellar and nebular emission in low-resolution (50A FWHM) galaxy spectra provides valuable constraints on all physical parameters. The approach can be extended to the analysis of any type of observation and during this talk i will present some applications to observed galaxies up to redshift 1.5.

• 천문학회보
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.29.4-29.4
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• 2016

The relations between star formation and properties of molecular clouds are studied based on a sample of star forming regions in the Galactic Plane. Sources were selected by having radio recombination lines to provide identification of associated molecular clouds and dense clumps. Radio continuum and mid-infrared emission were used to determine star formation rates, while 13CO and submillimeter dust continuum emission were used to obtain masses of molecular and dense gas, respectively. We test whether total molecular gas or dense gas provides the best predictor of star formation rate. We also test two specific theoretical models, one relying on the molecular mass divided by the free-fall time, the other using the free-fall time divided by the crossing time. Neither is supported by the data. The data are also compared to those from nearby star forming regions and extragalactic data. The star formation "efficiency," defined as star formation rate divided by mass, spreads over a large range when the mass refers to molecular gas; the standard deviation of the log of the efficiency decreases by a factor of three when the mass of relatively dense molecular gas is used rather than the mass of all the molecular gas.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.433-438
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• 2008

Much of the increase in agricultural productivity over the past half century has been due to the control of the pests with synthetic pesticides. The use of these pesticides has caused environmental problems and public health concern. The guidelines of maximum residue levels of pesticides in agricultural products has been well documented but more careful monitoring of their residues is required. Pyrethorid class pesticides are dominant in modern agricultural industry but public health concerns have been recently considered. The major route of pesticide exposure is the diet and with improved surveillance of pyrethorid residues in agricultural products their exposure should be controlled and minimized. In suitable products with reduced matrix effects such as agricultural products, aqueous samples, fruits and vegetables the use of immunoassays for pyrethorid residue monitoring could satisfy this requirement. Immunoassays have several advantages, namely they are highly sensitive, selective and cost-effective and enable large-scale sample handling and analysis in the laboratory.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.477-479
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• 2015

By probing nuclear regions and the overall properties of AGN hosts as a function of their environments, we aim to observationally examine how AGN activities are related to their surroundings. We have selected a representative sample of AGN hosts in the Virgo cluster. The selected galaxies are located in a range of density regions showing various morphologies in 1.4 GHz continuum emission. High-resolution observations with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) allow us to access the inner region of the AGN without suffering from dust extinction and synchrotron self-absorption. Since a number of our targets are too weak to be detected at K-band (22 GHz) within their coherence time, we applied phase referencing to calibrate fast atmospheric phase fluctuations.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.140.1-140.1
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• 2012

We investigate properties of maser emission for 3373 O-rich AGB stars. We divide the sample stars into four different groups whether they were detected by OH, SiO and $H_2O$ maser emission or not. To understand the nature of the maser sources, we present various infrared two-color diagrams (2CDs) using IRAS, near infrared and AKARI data. For each group, we compare the positions on the various infrared 2CDs with theoretical models. We find that OH maser sources generally show higher color indices and larger dust optical depths than SiO or $H_2O$ maser sources. This could be due to differences of the mass-loss rates and/or variability which may influence the maser pumping mechanisms.