• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.94-106
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• 2022

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제8기 1차년도(2019) 자료를 이용하여 한국 노인의 노쇠 수준과 수면 시간의 관계를 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상자는 1,690명이었고, SPSS Win 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 복합표본 빈도 분석, 기술 통계, 교차 분석과 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과로 노쇠한 대상자는 8.9%, 수면 시간이 '부적당(<5시간, >9시간)'한 경우는 13.0%였다. 노쇠 수준과 수면 시간만의 관계를 분석하였을 때 '부적당'한 수면을 취하는 경우는 '비 노쇠', '전 노쇠' 수준에서 유의하게 낮았다. 하지만, 인구사회학적 특성과 건강행태·질병 특성을 동시에 보정하였을 때에는 노쇠 수준과 수면 시간은 유의한 관계가 없었으며 수면 시간이 '부적당'한 경우는 연령 '70~74세'에서 유의하게 낮았고, 낮은 교육 수준, 낮은 소득 수준 및 높은 스트레스 인지 시 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 노인의 노쇠를 예방하고 수면 시간을 개선하기 위해 지속적으로 관심을 가지고 개인과 사회의 노력이 요구된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and depression or suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Methods : The data obtained from the 11th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (KYRBWS) were analysed. 68,043 students from 797 schools participated in this nationwide survey. Results : 53.7% of male students and 68.4% of female students had reported that a weekday sleeping duration of less than 6 hours. When the depression and suicidal ideation were analyzed by age, the odds ratio was higher in middle-school students than in high-school students. Both male and female students showed a higher risk of depression and suicidal ideation when sleeping duration was less than 5 hours and the risk was slightly higher in boys than in girls. Conclusion : Insufficient sleep duration in Korean adolescents increases depression and suicidal ideation, and these results differ according to age and gender.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 산출실험을 통해 발화속도와 한국어의 분절음의 지속시간 및 포만트 특성과의 관계와 모음의 지속시간과 포만트 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 빠른 발화일수록 음절 및 자음과 모음의 지속시간은 짧게 나타났으며 대부분의 화자에서 폐쇄음의 폐쇄구간 대 기식구간의 비율이나 한 음절 내의 모음 대 자음 지속시간의 비율은 발화속도의 영향을 받지 않는 반면 일부 화자들은 발화속도의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도의 영향을 받는 화자들에서 폐쇄음의 경우 폐쇄구간이 기식구간보다 영향을 더 받으며 음절의 경우 모음이 자음보다 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 발화속도와 모음의 포만트값과의 관계 분석 결과 발화속도가 모음약화에 영향을 미치는 정도가 화자간에 차이를 보였으며 이는 화자마다 모음의 포만트값 구현에 관하여 다른 발화기재를 이용하고 있다는 것을 간접적으로 시사해주는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 발화속도의 증가에 따라 조음기관의 움직임의 속도를 증가시키는 화자가 있는 반면 발화속도의 변화에 관계없이 일정한 속도를 유지하는 화자가 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.587-595
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• 2008

지속기간별 강우자료의 보유연한이 충분하지 않은 지역에도 실용적인 적용이 가능한 IDF 관계식을 유도하였다. 이 관계식은 두개의 모형변수와 재현기간으로 구성된 근사식으로서, 지속기간별 강우자료를 통합하고 정규화 하는 변환과정을 통하여 통계적으로 유도되었다. 강우자료의 변환을 위하여 Kruskal-Wallis 통계량과 Manly 변환을 적용하였는데 이 결과 해석적으로 간단한 형식의 IDF 관계식을 얻을 수 있었다. 특히 보유 자료의 수가 제한된 경우 주로 발생하는 짧은 지속기간의 강우강도가 긴 지속기간의 강우강도에 비하여 작아지는 이상 현상을 완화할 수 있는 특징을 보여주었다. 실무적으로 혼란을 주고 있는 산청과 영천의 강우자료에서 발생하는 이상 현상을 처리하기 위하여 제안된 방법론을 적용한 결과 만족스러운 결과를 보여주었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.659-666
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• 2017

Based on the Arrhenius equations, several hydration exothermic models that precisely calculate the influence of concrete's self-temperature duration on its hydration exothermic rate have been presented. However, the models' convergence is difficult to achieve when applied to engineering projects, especially when the activation energy of the Arrhenius equation is precisely considered. Thus, the models' convergence performance should be improved. To solve this problem and apply the model to engineering projects, the relationship between fast iteration and proper expression forms of the adiabatic temperature rise, the coupling relationship between the pipe-cooling and hydration exothermic models, and the influence of concrete's self-temperature duration on its mechanical properties were studied. Based on these results, the rapid convergence of the hydration exothermic model and its coupling with pipe-cooling models were achieved. The calculation results for a particular engineering project show that the improved concrete hydration exothermic model and the corresponding mechanical model can be suitably applied to engineering projects.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

It is well known that vowels are shorter before voiceless consonants than voiced ones in English, as in many other languages. Research has shown that the ratio of vowel durations in voiced and voiceless contexts in English is in the range of 0.6~0.8. However, little work has been done as to whether the ratio of vowel durations varies depending on English variety. In the production experiment in this paper, seven speakers from three varieties of English, New Zealand, British, and American English, read 30 pairs of (C)VC monosyllabic words which differ in coda voicing (e.g. beat-bead). Vowel height, phonemic vowel length, and consonant manner were varied as well. As expected, vowel-shortening effects were found in all varieties: vowels were shorter before voiceless than before voiced codas. Overall vowel duration was the longest in American English and the shortest in New Zealand (NZ) English. In particular, vowel duration before voiceless codas is the shortest in New Zealand English, indicating the most radical degree of shortening in this variety. As a result, the ratio of vowel durations in varying voicing contexts is the lowest in NZ English, while American and British English do not show a significant difference each other. In addition, consonant closure duration was examined. Whereas NZ speakers show the shortest vowel duration before a voiceless coda, their voiceless consonants have the longest closure duration, which suggest an inverse relationship between vowel duration and closure duration.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1995

This study was performed to know the relationship between neurologic soft signs (NSS) and clinical variables such as psychopathology. history of illness, and premorbid social adjustment in patients with schizophrenia. The authors evaluated NSS in 31 patients with schizophrenia using the structured tool for measuring neurologic abnormalities, Neurological Evaluation Scale- Korean Version(NES-K). Relationships between NSS and clinical variables such as duration of illness, intensity of precipitating stressors, duration of outpatient treatment, schooling, peer relationship, total duration of unemployment, total days of psychiatric admission, age, total days of being medicated, age at the first psychiatric admission, frequency of admissions, content of treatment, social adjustment, and severity of symptoms were analyzed. Differences between paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were examined. In addition, Differences between patients with schizophrenia who have predominant positive symptoms and who have predominant negative symptoms were examined too. Total scores of NES-K were correlated with lower schooling (${\gamma}$=0.44, p<0.01). Scores of motor coordination subcategory were correlated with poor peer relationship(${\gamma}$=0.67, p<0.001). Other clinical variables were not correlated with any scores of NES-K. Paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Also positive and negative schizophrenics were not different in scores of NES-K. Most clinical variables except schooling and peer relationship were not related with NSS. This results indicated that the meaning of these signs was not fully be understood. Introduction of the new classification concepts such as deficit or non-deficit syndrome will be helpful to elucidate the meaning of NSS in patients with schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

In order to investigate duration of session in static GPS method, data from a network of 7 points, with baseline length of from 64 km to 358 km, were processed. The network were observed by Trimble 4000SSE and Trimble 4000SSi with duration of 24 hours. Data extracted from this session were processed as if they were measured in 3, 6, 9 ... 21, and 24 hours session. The results (Baselines, Sloop Closures, Coordinates, and Standard errors of coordinates) of these sessions were compared to 24 hours one. Some conclusions were made, which seem to be useful in selection of duration for the same dimension GPS network for different purposes.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대표단위도가 작성되어 있는 중규모 하천유역을 대상으로 첨두유량을 발생시키는 임계지속기간을 결정하고 임계지속기간과 관련된 수문요소들에 대한 평가를 수행하였다. 임계지속기간과 유역특성인자, 유역응답시간 특성인자 그리고 단위도 특성인자들과의 상관분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 재현기간을 제외한 나머지 수문요소(확률강우강도식, 유출량 산정방법, 유효우량 산정방법, 강우시간분포)이 임계지속기간에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다. 상관분석을 통하여 유역면적, 유로연장, 유로경사, 유역경사가 임계지속기간과 상관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 상관성이 높은 유역특성인자와 임계지속기간과의 다중회귀 분석을 실시하고 7가지 형태의 회귀식을 제시하였으며, 유도된 회귀식의 결정계수가 모두 $0.96{\sim}0.97$으로 나타나 매우 높은 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2013

Objectives: To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to identify significant factors for suicidal ideation/attempt. The dependent variable was the log odds of suicidal ideation/attempt, while the independent/control variables were sleep duration and other demographic, socio-economic and health-related factors. Results: A negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation or attempt was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in Korea for Year 2009. The odds ratio of suicidal ideation/attempt regarding less than 4 hours of sleep compared to 6 to 7 hours of sleep, was smaller in a group with depressed mood than in a group without such experience, for example, 1.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 2.08) vs. 2.06 (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.17) for men's suicidal ideation, 2.50 (95% CI, 1.69 to 3.69) vs. 3.89 (95% CI, 1.74 to 8.66) for men's suicidal attempt. A negative association between age (or self-rated health) and suicidal ideation/attempt was also weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience in the nation for the year. Conclusions: There was a negative association between sleep duration and suicidal ideation/attempt in Korea for Year 2009 and this association was weaker for those with depressed mood than for those without such experience. Based on the findings of this study, adolescents' better mental health and longer, more comfortable sleep might help to prevent their suicidal ideation and attempt in Korea.