• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.30
• /
• pp.145-174
• /
• 2006

An anti-dumping has become the trade policy of choice for developing countries as well as advanced countries, hence it is the impending issue to the export-oriented countries including Korea. After colligating the analysis on the trade and industrial policy between Korea and China as well as the analysis on the preceding research, the main reasons of anti-dumping were selected as followings; an unemployment rate, real GDP growth rate and consumer price increase as internal factors, and trade balance, regional coefficient and trade specification index as external factors. Then, the research on how the above seven variable factors can affect the number of anti-dumping measures was accomplished. For the empirical analysis, the above information was used after reorganizing them by on the quarterly basis. Through the use of the correlation analysis, backward elimination of multiple regression analysis model and time-series analysis, it has appeared that the unemployment rate appeared to be the most important factors of anti-dumping measures in addition to the increase rate of trade balance. The variable such as the unemployment rate is uncontrollable for us, so it is appropriate to establish and operate an preemptive monitoring system based on the increasing rate of the amount of export and increasing rate of trade surplus.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.89-111
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The U.S. Trade Preference Expansion Act (TPEA) of 2015 enables the US Department of Commerce (DOC) to inflate dumping margin when the particular market situation (PMS) exists in the exporter's home market. DOC applied PMS provisions to the steel products from Korea. This paper analyzes whether DOC's calculation by using the regression analysis is consistent with WTO rules. Design/methodology - This paper analyzes the PMS application in law and regression analysis that extends the data period from 10 years to 18 years using the same economic model with DOC, and changes the country group according to the quantities of steelmaking capacity. Findings - Results show that DOC's argument conflating the sales-based with cost-based PMS designed to inflate dumping margins might not be consistent with WTO Antidumping Agreement Article 2.2 and 2.2.1.1 in which costs shall normally be calculated on the basis of records kept by the exporter, providing generally accepted accounting principles and reasonably reflection of the costs and PMS that exists in the Korean steel product markets. Even if it will be consistent, DOC's calculated margin by the regression analysis using a 10-year data is a big gap (5 times) compared with an 18-year data projection and different countries' data through the same methodology, which is a huge gap of regression coefficient. It means that dumping margin would be very wide range from 7.8% to 38.54% and unstable to calculate. Inflating dumping margin by DOC using regression analysis would not only be inconsistent with WTO rules, but also projection result is unreliable. Originality/value - Literature papers have mainly analyzed WTO law itself. This paper however, would be the first attempt to analyze the DOC's new way of dumping margin calculation in both manners of law and an empirical methodology perspective at the same time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2002

Many malfunction take place in container crane spreader due to impact. So we designed a 2 DOF hydraulic impact absorbing equipment to absorb the impact and we studied the change of damping coefficient with respect to the variation of dimensions of oil-Cylinder wail. When we design the dimension of hydraulic cylinder wall considering the displacement on the wall, the value of it over 20m didn't affect the damping coefficient.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.65-66
• /
• 2005

Anaerobic digestion is one of the well-known methods for biological treatment handling of concentrated organic matter such as swine $wastewater.^{1)} The anaerobic digestion can reduce organic loading but also hydrolyze non-biodegradable organic $matter.^{2)}$ The feces from the scrapper-type barn are usually collected to make compost and the urine is discarded with swine-slurry wastewater by ocean-dumping or treated by biological methods. The lagoon, aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, SBR, $A^{2}/O$, and UCT have been applied for treating swine $wastewater.^{3)} In this study, as a result of the analysis of swine wastewater, the total and soluble chemical oxygen demand was 130g/L and 60g/L, respectively. And the volatile fatty acid as chemical oxygen demand equivalent was 45g/L, which was 75% of soluble chemical oxygen demand. Before everything else, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 6.5 g/L. From biochemical acidogenic potential test, it was concluded that the enhanced acidification process to manage swine waste should be operated in the ammonia nitrogen concentration of less than 1.2 g/L. In the result of seeding ratio experiments with artificial $wastewater^{4)}, the lag period of acidogens was taken the long time because of the inhibition by the $ammonia^{5)}$, however no difference of period by the seeding ratio was not shown. The Haldane-based biokinetics were also evaluated using a method of fourth order Runge-Kutta $approximation.^{6,7)}$ The nonlinear least squares (NLLS) method with a 95% confidence interval was also used. The ranges of maximum microbial growth rate, ${/mu_{max}}$, and half saturation coefficient, $K_{s}$, for acidogenesis of various seeding ratio with artificial wastewater were 6.1 ~ 12.6 $d^{-1}$ and 45,000 ~ 53,500 mg glucose/L, respectively. Also, the methanogenic microbial yield coefficient, Y, and microbial decay rate coefficient, $k_{d}$, and inhibition substrate concentration, $K_{si}$, for the reactors were determined to be 0.32 ~ 0.465 ${/mu}g$/mg glucose; 0.42 ~ 1.01 $d^{-1}$ and 51,500 ~ 55,600 mg glucose/L, respectively.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2003

The seismic base isolation design approach has been reviewed and modified to fit the nonlinear static analysis procedure for determination of the performance point of structures in a simpler way, such an adaptation may be possible for the fact that a structural system under development of damage due to earthquake loading keeps softening to result in period shifting toward longer side. The superiority of the proposed method to the state-of-the-practice approach is that the reasonably accurate performance point can be obtained without constructing the so-called acceleration displacement response spectrum required in application of capacity spectrum method. The validity of the proposed approach was verified by comparing the predicted values to the exact ones presented in the literature.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2011

As a result of population growth and economic growth, household and industrial wastes continue to rapidly increase every year. Especially, sewage sludge produced at final stage is increasing with the constant construction and putting in good order of the sewage plant. In addition to the government's prohibition for filling up the sludge, it became more and more difficult to discharge wastes to the sea as London Dumping Convention '96 came into effect. And sewage sludge and the livestock wastes are expected to be thoroughly prohibited from discharging to the sea from 2012. So we need desperately economical and useful alternatives to compact and reuse these wastes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the utilization of solidified sludge-soil mixture as an enhancement and covering material. To determine the proper mixed ratio of solidified sludge, this study conducted basic physical properties tests, compaction tests, uniaxial compression tests, and permeability test. It was found that the higher the ratio of solidified sludge, the lower the coefficient of permeability. Upon the results of particle size distribution, the mixed ratio of solidified sludge that meet the enhancement material condition was 59% or lower for SP granite soil and 48% or lower for SM granite soil respectively.