• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.334-337
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with the development of germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) and the relationship of the severity of disease and prematurity. Methods : A total of 168 premature neonates whose birth weight ${\leq}1500g$ or gestational age ${\leq}34$ weeks were examined by cranial ultrasound (CUS) for detection of GM-IVH among the babies admitted between January 2011 and December 2012 in our medical center neonatal intensive care unit. The babies were divided into two groups : GM-IVH and non-IVH. Clinical presentations, precipitating factors of the patients and maternal factors were analyzed. Results : In univariate analysis, gestational age, birth weight, delivery method, presence of premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and level of sodium and glucose were statistically meaningful factors (p<0.05). But only two factors, gestational age and presence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were statistically meaningful in multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05). Delivery method [normal vaginal delivery (NVD) to Caeserean section] was borderline significant (p<0.10). Conclusion : Presence of PDA and gestational age were the important risk factors associated with development of GM-IVH.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.915-919
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• 1993

The management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus[PDA] with heart failure and cardiac cachexia in premature infants have been a disturbing and controversial problem in the field of pediatric cardiovascular surgery.We analysed our experiences to determine the rationale of surgical closure of PDA in infants . During a period of 7 years from January 1986 to December 1992, 12 infants under 2 months of age underwent operations for "hemodynamically significant" PDA which had caused severe heart failure.There were 6 male and 6 female patients. Their mean gestational age was 33.8 weeks and their mean body weight was 1990 g. ranged from 710 g. to 2900 g. Mean age at operation was 28.5days. Seven patients had history of Indomethacin trial. All patients were operated with double ligation technique under general anesthesia.There was no mortality and blood transfusion was not necessary in any patient during the operation.In all cases, we could confirm the complete closure of PDA after operation by follow-up echocardiography.Two patients died during their hospital stay and 1 patient died at 6 months after operation. The causes of death were sepsis with congestive heart failure, necrotizing entero colitis and pneumonia respectively.We can not detect any operation related complication which resulted in permanent sequelae as well as delayed complications related to nerve damage. These results indicate that surgical ligation of PDA in infants with severe heart failure is relatively safe and effective.effective.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.236-239
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• 2011

A 10 month-old female (intact) Maltese dog was presented due to continuous heart murmur. The dog was diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) based on two-dimensional echocardiography, computed tomography (CT) and angiography. Transarterial coil embolization was used for transcatheter occlusion of the PDA. A single coil was placed successfully and effectively occluded the blood flow through the ductus. Continuous heart murmur disappeared immediately the coil placement and no residual flow was detected. Complications and safety following the procedure were evaluated regularly based on clinical signs, cardiac examinations and serum troponin-I concentrations. This is the first clinical application of coil embolization for transcatheter closure of PDA in a dog in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.240-243
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• 2011

Several vascular accesses can be used for catheter guided coil embolization for occluding patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Although trans-femoral approach is most commonly used in dogs, it is often unable to insert angiocatheter for inserting the coil delivery system, especially small puppies weighing less than 2 kg of body weight. Therefore this case study developed trans-carotid method for puppy using JR coronary catheter and free push delivery system. Using this new method, we successfully treated a puppy with PDA weighing 1.25 of body weight.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.488-493
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of recent-generation patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure devices applied by a new selection strategy according to the characteristics of each PDA. Methods : From February 2003 to January 2006, 138 patients underwent transcatheter closure of PDA (study group). According to the size and morphology of each ductus, a COOK Detachable Coil or 'flex' PFM Nit-Occlud was used for a small ductus (group 1, n=43); 'medium' PFM Nit-Occlud (group 2, n=49) for a moderate ductus; and an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (group 3, n=46) for a large ductus. The 83 patients who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA from February 2000 to January 2003 were defined as the comparison group. The Qp/Qs ratio, pulmonary/aorta pressure ratio, and MD of the ductus were compared. Immediate and follow-up results including residual shunts and complications were also evaluated and compared among groups. Results : In all 138 patients, complete occlusions were confirmed without major complications, while procedure failure (n=2, 2.2%), device embolization (n=1, 1.1%), and persistent residual shunt (n=4, 4.5%) were documented in the comparison group. Total complication rates were lower in the study group than in the comparison group (study group, 1.4%; comparison group, 9.0%; P<0.05). Conclusion : A novel strategy adopting the merits of various recent-generation devices for transcatheter closure of PDA provides excellent clinical results with minimal risk.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.234-239
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• 2011

Purpose: Ibuprofen is used for prevention and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus as an alternative drug of indomethacin in very premature infants. We aimed to determine the effect of prophylactic ibuprofen on patent ductus arteriosus and clinical outcomes in preterm infants less than 1,250 g. Methods: A retrospective review of 39 preterm infants who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit from November 2009 to July 2010 was performed. Patients were divided into a prophylactic group (n=13) and a matched historical control group (n=26), where prophylactic ibuprofen were administrated within 24 hours after birth. The rate of ductal closure, side-effects of drug treatment and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups. Results: Comparison of the prophylactic and control groups revealed no significant differences in the rate of ductal closure (69.2% vs 77.7%, P=0.825) and surgical ligation (23.1% vs 30.8%, P=0.719). Occurrence of bowel perforation was more frequent in the prophylactic group than the control group, but was not significant (30.8% vs 11.5%, P=0.194). The frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage (grade${\geq}$3) and other outcomes did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Ibuprofen prophylaxis in preterm infants did not decrease the rate of ductal closure, the need for surgical ligation and the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Further studies are needed to investigate the beneficial effect and associated adverse events attributed to ibuprofen prophylaxis.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and indomethacin in the prophylaxis of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants and to determine whether ibuprofen could be an alternative agent in prophylactic use. Methods: A retrospective study including 37 preterm infants <1,500 g of birth weight, <34 weeks of gestation, whom were administrated indomethacin (n=17; January 2009-December 2009) or ibuprofen (n=20; January 2010-February 2011) within 24 hr after birth was conducted. The rate of ductal closure, need for surgical ligation, clinical outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and death rate were compared. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean gestational age, mean birth weight, Apgar score, sex, type of delivery, maternal dexamethasone treatment, frequency and duration of ventilator and surfactant treatment. The closure of PDA on day 7 of life was in 19 of 20 infants of the ibuprofen group and 13 of 17 infants of the indomethacin group (P=0.159). Between the two groups, there were no significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Ibuprofen has similar effects to indomethacin in the rate of PDA closure. Our study demonstrates that prophylactic ibuprofen is relatively effective without significant differences with respect to clinical outcomes compared with indomethacin. Therefore, ibuprofen may be used as an alternative agent in the prophylaxis of PDA in preterm infants.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.498-501
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• 2012

A 10-month-old intact male Maltese dog (body weight, 1.6 kg) presented with intermittent cough and abnormal heart sounds. The dog was diagnosed with a left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the basis of the results of transthoracic echocardiography, color flow Doppler examination, and angiography. Transcatheter occlusion of the PDA was performed using the $Amplatz^{(R)}$ Canine Duct Occluder (ACDO) via the femoral artery. The device was placed under fluoroscopic guidance and successfully occluded the PDA. The continuous heart murmur disappeared immediately after the correction and no residual flow was detected. The dog was discharged the following day and regularly examined for complications and safety. This is the first report demonstrating the clinical application of ACDO for the transcatheter closure of PDA via the femoral artery in a small-breed dog in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.591-594
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• 2011

A 9-month-old, intact female Maltese dog and one-year-old, intact female beagle dog were presented with continuous heart murmur. These 2 dogs were diagnosed as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) based on the two-dimensional echocardiography and angiography. Due to the large shunt size, commercially available ductal occlude device was used for transcatheter occlusion of PDA. After Amplatzer$^{(R)}$ vascular plug placement, cardiac murmur was abruptly disappeared in Maltese dog and mildly decreased in beagle dog. Complications and safety after the procedure were evaluated regularly in these 2 dogs. This is first clinical application of Amplatzer$^{(R)}$ vascular plug for transcatheter closure of PDA in two dogs in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1080-1084
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• 2003

Purpose : To compare perinatal characteristics, clinical courses, and overall morbidity between respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) with patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) and RDS without PDA in neonates. Methods : Eighty-three neonates who were diagnosed and treated for RDS in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2002 were included in this study. RDS was complicated with PDA(group A) in 17 patients and not complicated in 66(group B). PDA was diagnosed by echocardiogram in neonates with congestive heart failure symptom, cardiac murmur or chest X-ray findings of cardiomegaly or pulmonary edema. A retrospective study was undertaken of the perinatal characteristics and overall morbidity in group A and group B. Results : The birth weight and gestational periods of group A were less compared with group B. There was more perinatal asphyxia in group A. Incidence of overall morbidity such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage and death was higher in group A. Intravenous indomethacin was administered in 17 PDA infants. Conclusion : The perinatal characteristics in the two groups showed a significant difference. Incidence of overall morbidity in the two groups showed significant differences, however, there is no simple conclusion to draw because we didn't do multifactorial analyses to rule out other many risk factors affecting morbidity, such as gestational weeks or birth weight.