• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 1996

Acinous gland cells (A, B, C, D and E-type cells) and duct cell (G-type cell) are observed in acinus and in duct of salivary gland of Korean Slug respectively by electron microscope. The type-A gland cells are numerous and are packed with medium electron dense granules (diameter, $3{\mu}m$) in cytoplasm. The circular shaped nucleolus and evenly developed chromatins are observed in the nucleus of type-B cell, and cytoplasm includes medium electron dense granules (diameter, $2.5X3.7{\mu}m$). The type-C gland cell has a round nucleus, and thin elongated-shaped heterochromatins are evenly distributed in the nucleoplasm and many net shaped endoplasmic reticulums and oval serous granules of middle electron density (diameter, $3.5X5{\mu}m$) fill the cytoplasm. The type-D gland cell is the largest and the most numerous of the gland cells consisting the salivary gland and heterochromatins in nucleus are well developed in the nucleoplasm. Most of granules (diameter, $0.8X2.5{\mu}m$) in cytoplasm are round, and look dark for the high electron density, and cytoplasm is filled with net-shaped endoplasmic reticulums. The type-E gland cells are rarely existent around the salivary gland, and the granules of those cells are irregular in shape and size and are vacuolized in cytoplasm. Intralobular salivary duct is composed of the high electron dense squamus endotheliums, while the other interlobular salivary duct is filled with irregular columnar epitheliums. The interlobular duct cell contains the high electron dense granules (size, $0.3{\sim}1.5{\mu}m$) in cytoplasm and those granules are secreted into cilia of salivary lumen.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2006

Obstructive sialadenitis is one of common disease in salivary gland, and most common histologic features are loss of acinar cell and ductal dilatation associated with fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Although many experimental studies has been accomplished for the salivary acinar cell change in obstructive salivary gland disease, studies for myoepithelial cell were deficient. This study is designed for salivary gland tissue change, especially myoepithelial cell when nonspecific chronic sialadenitis or salivary duct injury by duct obstruction or cut can be occurred that is common encounted clinically. After ligation and cutting of submandibular gland of rabbit, groups of aminmal were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 weeks postoperatively, submandibular gland were removed. The histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, with immunohistochemical staining with ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin, characteristics of myoepithelial cell were examined. With transmission electron microscopy, ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell were examined for distribution and ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the histopathologic evaluation, ligation and cutting group of 1 week, linkage of myoepithelial cell associated with acinar atrophy and degeneration were disappeared in both group. 2. More prominent squamous metaplasia was seen in acinar cells of ligation group of 2 weeks experimental rabbit than cutting group. 3. Acinar cells are nearly disappeared in both ligation and cutting group of 4 weeks, and myoepithelial cell also disappeared associated with acinar cell atrophy, and duct-like structure composed by squamous cells by squamous metaplasia in acinar cells were distributed. 4. In immunohistochemical study, both ligation and cutting group ${\alpha}$-SMA distribution were diminished at 1 week experimental rabbits, but myoepithelial cell was more diminished in ligation group than cutting group, which were distributed around cells of squamous metaplasia. 5. Nuclear condensation, chromosome margination, and cytoplasmic vaculoation were appeared in myoepithelial cell of both cutting and ligation group after 1 week with transmission electron microscopy. But degenerative substance were seen in cytoplasm of myoepithelial cell of ligation group of 4 weeks. From the results obtained in this study, atrophy and degeneration of myoepithelial cell was more prominent in duct ligation group than duct cutting group, and myoepithelial cells were seen around cells squamous metaplasia of acinar cell.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1990

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the enterochromaffin cells in the duodenal mucosa of rabbit following bile duct ligation. Adult male rabbits were divided into normal, sham operation and experimental groups. Bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia and animals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after operation. Mucosal specimens from the duodenum were prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), followed by postfixation with 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded within araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and observed under a JEM 100CX II electron miroscope. The results were as follow; 1. Irregularities of the nuclei of the enterochromaffin cells were noticed from the 1st day after bile duct ligation, and concentration of the chromatin in the nucleus was more frequently observed on the 7th and the 14th day. 2. The granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of the enterochromaffin cell were more developed than those of the normal on the 1st day after bile duct ligation, but they showed poor organization from the 3rd day. 3. Amount of the microfilaments in the enterochromaffin cell was significantly increased from the 5th day after bile duct ligation and they were more frequently observed in the vicinity of the nucleus. 4. Vacuoles with various electron densities in the enterochromaffin cell were increased in number from the 3rd day after bile duct ligation. 5. Glycogen-like particles in the enterochromaffin cell were frequently observed on the 3rd and the 5th day after bile duct ligation. 6. In the early stage of the ligation of bile duct, in the enterochromaffin cells, well developed intracellular organelles, such as granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were pronounced. But, in the later stage, the cells contained poor organelles, with the some structural sign of necrotic change.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.231-241
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• 2001

The mammalian cortical collecting duct (CCD) plays a major role in regulating renal NaCl reabsorption, which is important in $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ homeostasis. The M-1 cell line, derived from the mouse cortical collecting duct, has been used as a mammalian model of the study on the electrolytes transport in CCD. M-1 cells were grown on collagen-coated permeable support and short circuit current $(I_{sc})$ was measured. M-1 cells developed amiloride-sensitive current $5{\sim}7$ days after seeding. Apical and basolateral addition of ATP induced increase in $I_{sc}$ in M-1 cells, which was partly retained in $Na^+-free$ or $Cl^--free$ solution, indicating that ATP increased $Na^+$ absorption and $Cl^-$ secretion in M-1 cells. $Cl^-$ secretion was mediated by the activation of apical cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) chloride channels and $Ca^{2+}-activated$ chloride channels, but $Na^+$ absorption was not mediated by activation of epithelal sodium channel (ENaC). ATP increased cAMP content in M-1 cells. The RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that M-1 cells express $P2Y_2,\;P2X_3\;and\;P2Y_4$ receptors. These results showed that ATP regulates $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ transports via multiple P2 purinoceptors on the apical and basolateral membranes in M-1 cells.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 1999

The distribution and relative frequency of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreas were studied during developmental stages (fetus, neonate, 1-month-old, 6-month-old and adult) of the Korean native goat by immunohistochemical methods. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were detected in the exocrine of all ages, in the endocrine portions (pancreatic islets) from the neonate, and in the pancreatic duct of the 1-month-old. The relative frequencies of these cells in the pancreatic islets increased with age. However, there were no age-related changes in the relative frequencies of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells in the exocrine and pancreatic duct. Generally, they were distributed in the interacinar spaces, the epithelium of the pancreatic duct, or dispersed in the peripheral zone of the pancreatic islets in all ages. However, clusters consisting of 3-4 cells were also found in the subepithelial connective tissues from the 1-month-old. In addition, the distributions in the endocrine portions of the adult were divided into two patterns: 1) they are dispersed in the marginal regions with moderate or low frequencies, or 2) in the inner zone with high frequencies.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2020

We constructed a cooling system for solar cells using convection phenomena and investigated its cooling performance. The cooling system didn't need any driving power or water resources. The convection cooler manufactured with a right-triangle shape of an air duct was attached to the rear of the solar cell to confirm that cooling was performed using convection phenomena. When the ratio of duct width to attachment surface width was 3:7, and the ratio of entrance height and exit height of duct was 5:1, it showed the best cooling performance. Comparative experiments with solar cells without convection cooler showed that cooling effects from 16.5℃ to 20.9℃ occurred after 40 minutes exposed to the 1300W Xenon lamp condition.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 1994

Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is an unusual variety of renal carcinoma considered to arise from the epithelium of the collecting ducts. We recently experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytology of collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney in a 17 year-old girl. The smear revealed many cellular clusters of ordinary papillary pattern, characterized by clumping of cells with nuclear overlapping, in a slightly necrotic background. The tumor cells had abundant delicate granular cytoplasm with some having vacuolation. The nuclei were only slightly pleomorphic with somewhat coarse chromatin and one or more small nucleoli Some nuclei showed irregular nuclear membrane and nuclear groove. A few polymorphs were also present.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2001

Identification of the age of ginseng root is very important in commercial market as well as in research field. However, any criterion abut it has not been clearly established yet. We studied to find a clear morphological key for identification of ginseng root\\`s age using the histochemical staining method. Fresh sections of 3, 4, 5, and 6 year old roots were stained with 1% nile blue, observed under the light microscopy, and compared each other. The number of secretory duct layers(SDL) is a useful key to confirm the age of ginseng root as follow; three-year-old root has two, four-year-old one has three, fie-year-old one has four, and six-year-old one has five resin duct layers on each cortical region of roots. Secretory ducts are thought to be formed by the vascular cambium every year. Unlike the surrounding parenchyma cells, secretory epithelial cells lack starch grains in the cytoplasm.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.513-520
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• 1998

Though the wandering spiders do not produce webs for prey-catching, they have silk producing apparatus. Among the four kinds of silk glands in the wolf spider, Pardosa astrigera, the ampullate one is the most predominant gland in both sexes, and is composed of three functional parts; excretory duct, storage ampulla and convoluted tail regions. The duct is basically composed of three superposed types of layers which are inner cuticles, monolayered epithelial cells and peripheral connective cells. The electron lucent subcuticles which have the functions of water removal and orientation of silk fibers during polymerization are well developed at the anterior region near the spinneret. Whereas the endocuticles which contain two types of banding patterns at the cross section are developed at the rest of the duct region. The secretory silks are synthesized within the glandular epithelial cells of the tail as secretory granules, and then released to the inner cavity of the storage ampulla by the mechanism of apocrine secretion. Most of these secretory vesicles are originated from the rough endoplasmic reticula of the glandular epithelial cells, whereas no Golgi complexes are found in any of the cells which have been examined.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

This study investigated structure and function of the reproductive system in Aplysia kurodai by means of anatomical, histological, and histochemical observation. Reproductive system of this species is consisted of ovotestis, small hermaphroditic duct, ampulla, accessory genital mass and large hermaphroditic duct. The ovotestis is composed of a large number of follicles, and both oocytes and spermatocytes matured in the same follicle. The small hermaphroditic duct is a single tube and contains a swelling, the ampulla, which functions as a storage organ for endogenous sperm and an oviduct. The accessory genital mass is connected to both the small and large hermaphroditic duct, and consisted of three glands: albumen, membrane (winding) and mucus gland. The albumen gland is consisted of granular cells producing basophilic and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The membrane and mucus gland are consisted of granular cells producing acidophilc and sulfated mucopolysaccharides. The large hermaphroditic duct is a single tubular gonoduct linking the accessory genital mass to the common genital aperture but is consisted of two parallel compartments. Internally, these two compartments are incompletely divided by internal septum or fold, which are called as the red hemiduct and white hemiduct, respectively. The red hemiduct functions as an oviduct and the white hemiduct functions as a copulatory duct. The reproductive system of A. kurodai is externally comprised a single tube, i.e., monaulic type. However, internal structure of duct is incompletely divided into oviduct and copulatory duct, i.e., the oodiaulic type.