• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2008

While it Is well-known that Total duality Management (TQM) can generate and sustain competitive advantage, its process and components have not been clearly identified for the construction industry. This paper aims first to enhance the understanding of TQM Content and Process. Then, drawing various seminal works on TQM and an application of market-based and resource-based theory, a consolidated model identifying the relationship among TQM principles and gaining a sustainable competitive advantage is proposed. Finally, the influence of TQM on sustainable competitive advantage of construction organizations is discussed, thereby interpreting the proposed model. Recognition of TQM's influence will be a starting point, enabling the construction industry to sustain their competitive advantage in the highly competitive global construction market.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-56
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• 2001

This linear fractional - quadratic bilevel programming problem, in which the leader's objective function is a linear fractional function and the follower's objective function is a quadratic function, is studied in this paper. The leader's and the follower's variables are related by linear constraints. The derivations of the optimality conditions are based on Kuhn-Tucker conditions and the duality theory. It is also shown that the original linear fractional - quadratic bilevel programming problem can be solved by solving a standard linear fractional program and the optimal solution of the original problem can be achieved at one of the extreme point of a convex polyhedral formed by the new feasible region. The algorithm is illustrated with the help of an example.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.698-707
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• 2003

A new quadratic response surface modeling method is presented. In this method, the incomplete small composite design (ISCD) is newly proposed to .educe the number of experimental runs than that of the SCD. Unlike the SCD, the proposed ISCD always gives a unique design assessed on the number of factors, although it may induce the rank-deficiency in the normal equation. Thus, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is employed to solve the normal equation. Then, the duality theory is used to newly develop the conservative least squares fitting (CONFIT) method. This can directly control the ever- or the under-estimation behavior of the approximate functions. Finally, the performance of CONFIT is numerically shown by comparing its'conservativeness with that of conventional fitting method. Also, optimizing one practical design problem numerically shows the effectiveness of the sequential approximate optimization (SAO) combined with the proposed ISCD and CONFIT.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 1994

우리나라에서 다른 광물자원보다 매장량이 비교적 풍부하고 에너지원으로서 총에너지소비량에서 중요한 몫을 차지해 온 석탄의 희소성을 측정하기 위하여 시장가격을 사용할 경우 그 결과는 실질고갈상태를 왜곡시킬 수 있다. 왜냐하면 정부가 석탄가격을 관리하며 생산원가보다 낮은 부분에 대해서는 보조금이나 장려금을 지급해 왔기 때문이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 쌍대성이론(duality theory)을 토대로 한 할버슨-스미스(Halvorsen-Smith, 1984) 모형을 이용하여 매장되어 있는 광물자원의 암묵가격(shadow price)을 실증적으로 추정함으로써 우리나라 석탄자원의 희소성을 측정하였다. 최종생산물의 가격으로 측정된 희소성지표에 의하면 우리나라의 석탄자원은 매우 완만하게 고갈되어 가고 있는 반면에 광석의 암묵가격으로 본 회소성지표에 의하면 그보다 더 빠른 속도로 고갈되어 가고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 1994

This paper tries to estimate cost and profit functions under Cobb - Douglas production technology in the coastal fishing, using duality theory of production technology and cost function. Therefore this paper estimates in advance the production functions with two input variables, the number of working persons per tonage(WEMP) and the number of fishing equipment per tonage(WEQU). Then this paper estimates profit function and implicit cost function using the estimated coefficients from production functions. The results of this study show that the annual average profit pertonage of long bag set fishing and trap fishing amount to 4.1 million won and 3.9 million won respectively.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.53-78
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• 2013

This study applied hermeneutic grounded theory suggested by Rennie to understand general meaning of adoption decision process of 7 non-married mothers. At the end of the analysis, 191 meaning units, 46 subcategories, and 11 hermeneutic categories were constructed. The core category that threads throughout the adoption decision process was represented as "living with a scar left by the duality of motherhood; repudiating and embracing." The adoption decision process emerged as recognition of pregnancy, avoidance of reality, searching for adoption, escalation of confusion, determination and rationalization or forfeiture. Based upon our research, we suggested that the adoption decision process of non-married mother was another way of practicing motherhood, and we proposed that we need to develop a psycho-social support program to improve the lives of non-married mothers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.167-177
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• 2009

As the service quality has been reconsidered in public sector as well as private enterprises, the need for public sectors to adopt principle and practices of private sectors is concerned with customer-focused approach, the different business culture of public service organizations makes it difficult to improve service qualify. Also, Since concept of service contains intangibility, heterogeneity, Simultaneousness and perishability, it makes peoples more difficult to measure service quality. Therefore, this study proposes synthetic Administrative Service duality Index(ASQI) using fuzzy set theory and analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the service qualify in subjective environment. In ASQI model, Fuzzy set theory helps to measure the ambiguity of concepts that are relative to human being's subjective judgement. Also, this study utilizes AHP method to evaluate the preference weights of service quality dimensions (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy) for customers.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine quantitatively the relationship between visual image quality and degradation In spatial resolution for a gamma camera by the increase in distance from collimator. The relationship between the portion(p) of images identified the difference of image quality and the difference(${\Delta}FWHM$) in FWHM between paired images was showed in a sigmoid curve. Using Dendy's method, minimum level to be correctly identified the difference of Image duality on three out of four occasion(p=0.75) was corresponded to 0.4 mm in ${\Delta}FWHM$. Using fuzzy theory, the level to be identified the difference of image quality was examined under various conditions. The truth-value of fuzzy sets-degraded or slightly degraded and not-degraded in image quality between palled Images-was gained the peak at 0.5 mm of ${\Delta}FWHM$. It was founded that changes of $0.4{\sim}0.5\;mm$ in FWHM-corresponding about 2 cm distance from collimator could be sufficiently identified in the difference of image quality.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

We propose a war-game model that is appropriate for a raid-type warfare in which, a priori, the maneuver of the attacker is relatively certain. The model is based on a multi-weapon extention of the Lanchester's law. Instead of a continuous time dynamic game with the differential equations from the Lanchester's law, however, we adopt a multi-period model relying on a time-discretization of the Lanchester's law. Despite the obvious limitation that two players make a move only on the discrete time epochs, the pragmatic model has a manifold justification. The existence of an equilibrium is readily established by its equivalence to a finite zero-sum game, the existence of whose equilibrium is, in turn, well-known to be no other than the LP-duality. It implies then that the war-game model dictates optimal strategies for both players under the assumption that any strategy choice of each player will be responded by a best strategy of her opponent. The model, therefore, provides a sound ground for finding an efficient reinforcement of a defense system that guarantees peaceful equilibria.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2002

Fractal which was named by Mandelbrot in 1975 and its theory have been taken notice of many fields of scholarship, namely mathematics, physics, geography, architecture, art, philosophy and so on. If we approach Fractal on the basis of the designing cogitation, it can be used not only as one of materials to take a crease thinking in design, also as a due of the methods to assess the design problem with a new point of view. Based on above background, in this study, it was studied on the graphic artist, Morits Collelius Escher who has been well known as the great artist of illusion," and on the attributes of Fractal which were contained in his various work\ulcorner As a reset, the four attributes, namey ′fractal dimension′, ′self-similarity, ′recursiveness′and ′infinity were founded in his works. Also, it was founded that Escher had employed the attributes of Fractal in his almost works for "the representation of the condition of unified-duality," that is to say, for the union of two different dimensions. After this, it is expected that this study shoed be extended to the development of the principle of Fractal-Design on the basis of ′Fractal which can be defined as the phenomenon of repetitious pattern between chaos and order and′the formative beauty of Fractal′.