• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.350-361
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the level of bone mineral densities of the femur neck and to identify factors affecting bone mineral density of the femur in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Methods: Participants were 121 PD patients visiting the outpatient clinic of D University Hospital in B City. Bone mineral density was measured at the femur neck by using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The serum vitamin D level, the amounts of milk intake, caffeine intake, cigaret smoking, and alcohol consumption, and the number of steps taken daily were measured. Past and present disease history, the medication history, and duration of the disease were also collected. The level of disability was obtained by neurologists using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results: Among PD patients, 57% had osteopenia and 15.7% had osteoporosis. The bone mineral density of the femur was associated with weight, serum vitamin D level, age, and working status. Conclusion: The identification of weight and serum vitamin D level as important predictive factors emphasizes the importance of balanced nutrition for PD patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2024

PURPOSE: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity. This study examined the frequency of SO in young Korean females between 20 and 29 years of age. METHODS: The study involved 1,000 participants. The height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and smoking status were the research variables. The skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the BMI. The ASM was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Complex sampling analysis and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A .74(.30-1.80) frequency of SO was observed. The statistically significant risk factors in females were height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Young Korean adults with SO have a .74(.30-1.80) frequency of occurrence that is linked to specific risk factors. Hence, primary care clinicians and health care professionals should consider these factors when patients require a referral for early detection and treatment. Healthcare professionals and clinicians can identify potential SO patients by acknowledging these risk factors.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between BMD and life habit such as drinking. exercise smoking or physical condition such as age, sex, height, weight, body mass index(BMI). Materials and Methods: I evaluated the BMD of the femoral neck and L2-L4 spines of 321 persons who took a regular health screening in Woosuk university oriental medical hospital from February to April in 2006 by dual energy bone mineral densitometry. Results: The age of persons ranged from 20 years to 75 years(mean $45.10{\pm}11.54$) and there were 160 males and 161 females. In males, BMD of the femoral head was highest at 2nd decade, BMD of the spine was highest at 4th decade, and BMD of both femoral head and lumbar spine was lowest at 6th decade. In fenales, BMD of both femoral head and lumbar spine was highest at 4th decade and lowest at 6th decade. Among the various physical conditions, only height of persons showed significant correlation with BMD in both males and females. BMD was increased according to increasing height. In males, BMD of persons who had habit such as drinking, exercise or smoking did not show significant change statistically. But in females, drinking group showed high BMD relative to non-drinking group in both femoral head and lumbar spine. Conclusion: BMD was different according to age, sex, height and life habit. Especially aged people showed osteoporotic change progressively. More persistent effort is needed to find out the factors decreasing BMD for prevention of problems by osteoporosis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.167-189
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of female for prevention of osteoporosis. We measured the BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 4802 female, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha. Lunar, U.S.A.). and then analysed the 9 factors-age group, body mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and fast blood sugar-which are related to BMD of female. The following results were obtained : 1. In age group, T-score was the highest at 36－42(六七) years group in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and at 15－21(三七) years group in femoral neck. and then it was decreased rapidly after 43－49(七七) years group in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of female in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck change according to age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$. 2. In BMI, T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck were increased according to BMI increase. 3. In amount of drinking and smoking, T-score was highest in heavy groups(women who have drunk soju more than 4 bottles for a week) in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. But there t was no significant difference in comparison according to age group. 4. In exercise, T-score was higher in exercising group than non exercising group. And it appeared that women who have taken proper exercise had higher T-score than women who have taken exercise daily. 5. T-score was higher in women who ordinarily sleep well in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck than sleep badly. And there was significant difference in 43-56 years group. 6. T-score was low in the group that exceed 110mg/dl in fast blood sugar. Conclusions : The age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$ is related to BMD of women. And risk factors-BMI, exercise, sleep, fast blood sugar, thyroid disease-are related to BMD of women. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of women, and further study will be achieved.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.786-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density(BMD), body composition and life styles of female college students. The subjects were 334 students with a mean age of 21.0 years. BMDs of forearm and calcaneus were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedence analysis. The means for weight, height, and body mass index(BMI) of the subjects were 55.7 kg, 161.0 cm, 21.5 kg/$m^2$, respectively. Grouping by the BMI, 13.2% of the subjects were classified as overweight, and 11.1% of the subjects as obese group. BMD in the forearm and calcaneus were 0.390 g/$cm^2$, 0.514 g/$cm^2$. In the forearm, 58.1% and 9.6% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively, and in the calcaneus, 12.0% and 0.3% of the subjects were classified as osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. Body weight, skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, fat mass and BMI were positively correlated with BMDs in the forearm and calcaneus($r$=0.180~0.495, $p$ <0.01~0.001), and height, % body fat and waist-hip ratio(WHR) were positively correlated with BMDs in the calcaneus($r$=0.213~0.239, $p$ <0.001), but not in the forearm. The factors such as beginning age of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking and exercise had significant influence on BMD($p$ <0.05; p<0.001), whereas sleeping hours, activity level, frequency of exercise, meal times, frequency of snack and fried food intake, breakfast skipping and amount of meal had not significant influence on BMD. Therefore, the acquisition of balanced body composition is necessary through the increase of fat free mass and muscle mass, not through the increase of fat mass among female college students.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.644-652
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among life style, body composition and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in community dwelling Korean adults. Methods: Data were collected from 140 adults who participated in a health check-up program at community health departments in D city, Choong-chung providence. Subjects' life style was assessed with a structured interview survey. Body composition analyses were performed by the bioimpedence method and BMD was measured by peripheral dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry. Results: Among the subjects, 39.3% showed normal BMD values, 50.7% were osteopenic and 10% were assessed as osteoporotic. BMD was significantly different by gender, age, education, economic status and BMI. Subjects who had three or more meals/day had higher BMD then who had less than three meals (t=-2.273, p=.026). BMD was not influenced by regular exercise, alcohol consumption, or smoking. In terms of body composition, there was a significant relationship between fat free mass and BMD (r=.172, p=.043). Conclusion: Implementing an osteoporosis prevention program would be warrented considering the significant proportion of osteopenic or osteoporotic subjects. Regular eating habit with three meals for adequate nutrition need to be emphasized to prevent further bone loss in this population. Among the body composition, fat free mass seem to be the mostly predicting factor for BMD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.206-211
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity, which is a known risk factor for many chronic diseases, has also been associated with vitamin D deficiency. This study explored the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and adiposity measures in a general Korean population using the most recent, nationally representative survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample consisted of 4,771 Korean adults (${\geq}19years$) who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Serum 25(OH)D was determined by radioimmunoassay. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat content were measured as adiposity measurements. Total body fat content was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in men than in women. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with energy intake, and it was negatively correlated with total body fat content (P < 0.0001) and percentage body fat (P < 0.0001) after adjustment for age in both sexes, while was inversely correlated with BMI only in women. In multivariable regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the total body fat content after adjustment for age, BMI, education, region, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and energy intake only in men (P = 0.0047). However, the serum 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with WC or BMI, indicators of adiposity after adjustment for potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with the total body fat content in a general Korean population, but it may be not associated with the indicators for estimating adiposity, such as WC or BMI.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.389-396
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• 2006

Objectives: A community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine theprevalence of osteoporosis and to evaluate the effects of body composition, health behaviors and reproductive history on bone density in postmenopausal women. Methods: The study subjects were 362 postmenopausal women, aged 45 years old or over, who were invited to the hospital. Information on their socio-demographic characteristics and the potential risk factors such as their past medical history, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, diet and menstrual/reproductive histories were collected by trained interviewers. Weight, height, the body mass index ($kg/m^{2}$), and body composition variables were measured. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 30.6% in the $45{\sim}64$ years old women, 52.5% in the elderly women aged $65{\sim}74$, and 68.7% in the women aged 75 years or over. After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, those women in the highest 25% (4th quartile) of the lean body mass are less likely to have osteoporosis (aOR=0.31, 95% CI=0.12-0.76), compared with the lowest quartile group. More parity also had significantly detrimental effects on osteoporosis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women increased with age from 46.3% of those aged 45-64 to 68.7% for those aged 75 and over. Lean body mass and parity appeared significant contributor to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in this population.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.50
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• pp.320.1-320.8
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• 2018

Background: Muscle mass and muscle function are related to depressed mood in studies of adults. Like adults, Korean students are highly likely to suffer from decreased muscle mass due to social conditions. In this study, we evaluated the muscle mass status of Korean adolescents and assess the effect of muscle on depressive mood. Methods: A total of 1,233 adolescent boys and girls participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were enrolled in our study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of appendicular muscle mass and completed questionnaires regarding depressed mood, stress, suicidal ideations, and attempts. Results: There was no difference in depressive mood according to muscle mass among boys (P = 0.634); girls with decreased muscle mass had a greater tendency for depressed mood compared to girls with optimal muscle mass (P = 0.023). After adjusting for age, waist circumference-to-height ratio, smoking status, alcohol consumption, frequency of physical activity, self-reported obesity, weight-loss efforts, and monthly household income, girls with low muscle mass (LMM) were 2.60 times more at risk of developing depression than girls with normal muscle mass (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-6.49; P = 0.040). This trend was similar for girls with LMM with obesity (95% CI, 1.00-11.97; P = 0.049). Conclusion: Adolescent girls who have insufficient muscle mass are more likely to report depressed mood than girls who have ideal muscle mass. Interventions for maintaining proper muscle mass are required.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, for which smoking is considered as the primary risk factor. The present study was conducted to determine whether genetic alterations induced by radon exposure are associated with the susceptible risk of lung cancer in never smokers. Methods: To accurately identify mutations within individual tumors, next generation sequencing was conduct for 19 pairs of lung cancer tissue. The associations of germline and somatic variations with radon exposure were visualized using OncoPrint and heatmap graphs. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using various tools. Results: Alterations in several genes were implicated in lung cancer resulting from exposure to radon indoors, namely those in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor protein p53 (TP53), NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 7 (CHD7), discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (DDR2), lysine methyltransferase 2C (MLL3), chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 5 (CHD5), FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), and dual specificity phosphatase 27 (putative) (DUSP27). Conclusions: While these genes might regulate the carcinogenic pathways of radioactivity, further analysis is needed to determine whether the genes are indeed completely responsible for causing lung cancer in never smokers exposed to residential radon.