• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2015

Objectives: An ultra dry air environment of nearly ${\leq}2%$ RH is often required in lithium battery factories. The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective eye, pulmonary, nose, and skin symptoms of workers exposed to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride. Methods: We recruited 274 workers using a self-reported questionnaire in March 2014. Those who worked in ultra-low relative humidity and with thionyl chloride were identified and their prevalence of symptoms was compared with that of other workers. We excluded white collar workers, researchers and other workers who were exposed to various hazard factors, and finally included 164 workers. Results: There were significant differences in the rate of self-reported eye and skin symptoms between exposure group_1 and exposure group_2. Exposure group_2 experienced more frequent eye, and skin symptoms. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for experience of dry eye symptoms and skin symptoms in exposure group_2 showed that dry eye symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 6.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-18.24, p<0.001), and itchiness (OR, 6.45, 95% CI, 1.94-21.43, p<0.01) were the significant variables. The complaints of workers experiencing ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride were high compared with other workers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that exposure to ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride may be associated with more frequent eye and skin symptoms than exposure to ultra-low relative humidity alone. The current precautions to protect workers from the adverse effects of ultra-low relative humidity and thionyl chloride appear to be insufficient, indicating that additional management plans to reduce symptoms should be considered.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2022

본 연구는 보건 계열 대학생을 대상으로 COVID-19 판데믹 시기 스마트기기 사용시간, 눈 건강 실태, 눈 건강 의식 간의 관계를 확인하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구 참여자는 보견계열 대학생 188명을 대상으로 하였고, 자료 분석은 SPSS 26.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술적 통계, indepent t-test, Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients를 이용하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 눈 피로도 점수의 평균은 15.23±13.71점이었으며, 건성안 자각증상 점수는 21.87±12.02점이었고, 눈 건강관리 의식 점수는 3.48±1.09점으로 나타났다. 스마트폰을 일평균 2시간 이상 사용하는 집단에서 눈 관리의식과 건성안 증상(r=.152, p=.005)과 안구피로도와 건상안 증상(r=.650, p<.001)은 통계적으로 유의한 정적상관관계를 나타냈다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 대학생의 스마트기기 사용으로 인한 눈 건강 예방을 위한 방안 모색이 필요하며 눈 건강에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 반복 연구가 필요하다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.292-299
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• 1998

I examined 54 patients who had been diagnosed as dry eye or had experienced symptoms of dry eye such as foreign body sense, dry sense, sore sense, pain, etc. and had some results. The results were as follows; 1. In sex, there were more females than males. 2. The age was examined from 19 years to 70 years and 51-60 years was the most. 3. In duration of symptoms, 1-5 years was taken most of the patients. 4. In blood type, O type was dominant comparing other blood types. 5. In warm and cold preference cold was more than warm or tepid. 6. In associated ocular & systemic disease chronic gastritis was the most and the next was chronic conjunctivitis. 7. In main symptoms foreign body sense was the most of them 8. In prescription Gamisamultang(加味四物湯) was most frequently administered to the patients.

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2018

목적: 건성안 환자에서 조절펄스광선조사가 미치는 임상 효과 및 눈물막지질층 두께 변화에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 건성안에 대한 주관적인 불편감을 호소하는 환자 중 마이봄샘기능부전 소견을 보이며, 눈물막파괴시간이 10초 이하인 25명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 모든 대상자에 대한 조절펄스광선조사는 시술 당일, 15일, 45일 총 3회에 걸쳐 시행되었으며, 시술 전후 눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머검사, 안구표면염색점수, 안구표면질환지수(Ocular Surface Disease Index, OSDI) 및 눈물막 지질층의 두께를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 조절펄스광선조사 시술 후 눈물막파괴시간은 $3.7{\pm}1.2$초에서 $4.4{\pm}2.1$초로 증가되어 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p=0.03), 쉬르머 검사 및 안구표면염색 점수 결과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.01, p=0.01). OSDI는 $39.5{\pm}17.5$점에서 $30.4{\pm}18.7$점으로 통계적으로 유의한 향상을 보였다(p=0.01). 눈물막지질층 두께는 통계적으로 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다(p=0.49). 결론: 조절펄스광선조사 시술은 눈물막파괴시간, 쉬르머검사, 안구표면염색점수 및 주관적인 건성안 증상을 개선시키는 효과적인 치료 방법이라 생각된다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2012

목적: 오래된 건물에 비해 환경 오염 물질이 많이 방출될 것이라 여겨지는 신축된 초등학교에 다니고 있는 어린이들의 눈 자각 증상과 알레르기 증상의 관련성에 대해 알아보았다. 방법: 수도권에 위치하고 있으며 신축한지 3개월이 지난 초등학교에서 수업을 듣는 6학년 115명(남학생 54명, 여학생 61명)을 대상으로 dry eye questionnaire(DEQ)와 ocular surface disease index(OSDI)를 이용하여 건성안과 전반적인 눈 증상에 대해 자각 증상을 설문하였다. 알레르기 관련 설문은 아토피와 알레르기 비염의 과거력을 조사하였고, allergic rhinitis impacts on asthma(ARIA) 지침의 알레르기 비결막염 설문을 사용하여 코간지러움과 눈증상에 대해 10점 척도의 visual analog scale로 체크하였다. 결과:DEQ의 설문 조사에서 57명(50%)의 학생이, OSDI식 설문 조사에서는 19명(16.52%)의 학생이 건성안으로 진단되었으며, 두 가지 설문에서 모두 건성안으로 진단된 학생은 18명(15.79%)으로 조사되었다. 아토피와 알레르기 비염을 가지고 있는 학생은 각각 45명(39.5%)과 29명(25.4%)이었다. 아토피를 가지고 있는 학생 중 건성안을 보인 학생은 DEQ를 이용했을 때 30명, OSDI를 이용했을 때 8명이었다. 또한 알레르기 비염을 가지고 있는 학생 중 건성안을 보인 학생은 DEQ을 이용했을 때 22명, OSDI를 이용했을 때 5명이었다. 아토피와 비염 모두 과거력이 있는 29명의 학생 중에 15명이 눈에 자극을 자각하였다. 눈에 자극과 함께 중복으로 자각하는 알러지 증상으로는 재채기, 코 간지러움, 코 막힘, 콧물의 순서로 많이 나타났으며, 눈에 자극을 자각한 학생일수록 중복하는 알레르기 수와 학생 수가 비례적으로 증가하였다. 결론: 신축된 학교 건물과 같은 환경에서 생활하는 어린이들의 눈 건강 상태에서 눈의 자극 증상이 조사되었으며, 아토피나 알레르기 비염 증상을 가진 학생들에게서 건성안 증상 호소가 더 많은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2020

본 연구는 2016년 6월 16일부터 2016년 12월 31일까지 건강검진센터를 방문한 726명을 대상으로 Schirmer's 검사와 대사증후군 검사를 통해 전신적 만성 염증성 상태가 국소적 만성 염증성 상태로서의 안구건조증에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 대상자중 hs-CRP, HbA1c를 동시 측정한 214명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구대상자 중 고 연령일수록 (p<0.001), 성별로는 여성에서 유의하게 안구건조증이 증가하였으며(p=0.020), 공복혈당과 hs-CRP와는 연관이 없었다. 또한 HbA1c가 증가할수록 안구건조증에 대한 위험도가 증가하였다(β=1.960, p=0.025). 따라서 안구건조증은 만성 염증성 상태로 인한 눈물샘의 미세혈관 변화에 의한 것이 아니며 당뇨환자의 경우 단기간의 혈당 조절보다 장기간의 혈당 조절상태가 더욱 중요하게 작용할 수 있음을 알 수 있으며 당뇨병 환자에서 안구 건조증의 높은 유병률은 만성 염증으로 인한 미세 혈관 변화보다는 자율 기능 장애로 인한 것으로 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2015

As FK506 binding proteins (FK506BPs) are known to play an important role in the regulation of a variety of biological processes related to cell survival, this study was designed to examined the protective effects of FK506 binding protein 12 (FK506BP) on low humidity air flow induced dry eye in a rat model using transduced PEP-1-FK506BP. After the topical application of PEP-1-FK506BP, tear volumes were markedly increased and significant prevention of cornea damage was observed compared with dry eye rats. Further, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PEP-1-FK506BP markedly prevented damage to the cornea, the bulbar conjunctiva, and the palpebral conjunctiva epithelial lining compared with dry eye rats. In addition, caspase-3 and PARP expression levels were found to be decreased. These results demonstrated that topical application of PEP-1-FK506BP significantly ameliorates dry eye injury in an animal model. Thus, we suggest that PEP-1-FK506BP can be developed as a new ophthalmic drop to treat dry eye diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.64-77
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• 2023

Objectives : Recently, the number of patients with dry eye syndrome has been steadily increasing. However, established treatment for it does not yet exist. This study compared electronic moxibustion with acupuncture for patients with dry eye in terms of efficacy and safety. Methods : This trial was designed as an investigator-initiated, single-blinded, comparative, randomized controlled trial. Thirty patients with dry eye were randomized to the electronic moxibustion treatment group(EMG) or the acupuncture treatment group(AG) in equal proportion. The participants who assigned to the EMG were treated with electronic moxibustion to ten acupoints including both sides of BL2, GB14, TE23, and LI4 for 12 minutes. The participants who were assigned to the AG were treated with acupuncture to the same acupoints for 15 minutes. Over 4 weeks, each intervention was carried out twelve times in total. The primary outcome was the ocular surface disease index(OSDI). The secondary outcomes were the subjective symptoms visual analog scale(VAS), quality of life(QoL), Schirmer I test(SIT), and general assessment. Adverse events and vital signs were also investigated for safety assessment. Results : In intragroup comparisons, both the EMG and the AG significantly improved the OSDI scores, the subjective symptoms VAS scores, the QoL scores, and the SIT results after 4 weeks of the trial. However, there were no statistical differences in intergroup comparisons between the two groups after 4 weeks. The safety of electronic moxibustion and acupuncture was confirmed by no occurrence of serious adverse events. Conclusions : Both electronic moxibustion and acupuncture were effective for dry eye syndrome, and they were safe. Electronic moxibustion and acupuncture can be used for dry eye syndrome as equivalent treatments.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate three different mixed formulations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using a low-humidity air flow-induced rat dry eye model and determine the most suitable mixture. The total thickness of the cornea, corneal epithelial thickness, corneal stroma thickness, damaged corneal epithelium percentage region, thickness of the bulbar conjunctiva epithelium, number of goblet cells, goblet cell occupation percentage region, and damaged bulbar conjunctiva epithelium percentage region were measured by histomorphological evaluation. After 5 h exposure to drying airflow, the thickness of the cornea and conjunctiva was decreased with desquamation of the corneal and conjunctiva epithelium. However, these dry eye symptoms were markedly inhibited by treatment with the reference and test formulations. More favorable effects on decreased thickness were detected in response to the CMC than the SH. However, SH had a greater protective effect against corneal and conjunctiva epithelial damage. The application of a mixture of 0.1% SH and 0.2% CMC showed more favorable effects on the corneal and conjunctival damage and the stabilization of the ocular surface than SH or CMC alone.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2020

Introduction This study aims to report a significant improvement of Sjögren's syndrome patient with irritable bladder, diagnosed as 'Soyangin chest-binding symptomatology' based on Sasang medicine. Methods The patient had treatment with 'Dojeokganggi-tang' and western medications. We evaluated the treatment outcome of Sjögren's syndrome symptoms by using a numerical score of 0 to 10, based on the patient's subjective discomfort of dry eye and dry mouth, and irritable bladder symptoms by recording the number of night urination every month. Results Sjögren's syndrome symptoms were significantly improved, and the number of night urination was decreased. After 41 weeks of treatment, the patient didn't have dry mouth any more and had only a little dry eye. The number of night urination was decreased from 3-4 times to once a night. Discussion The patient diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome, treated with Dojeokganggi-tang and western medications for 41 weeks, showed a significant improvement in dry eye, dry mouth, and night urination compared to the first visit.