• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2020

In many aging individuals, dermatochalasis and involutional ptosis appear together. Therefore, for functional and aesthetic purposes, ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty are performed together. The aim of this article is to investigate factors that should be considered in order to achieve good results when simultaneously performing involutional ptosis correction and upper blepharoplasty in aging patients. Involutional ptosis is usually corrected through aponeurosis advancement in mild cases. In moderate or severe ptosis, the Muller muscle and aponeurosis are used together to correct ptosis. Using the two muscles together has the advantages of reducing lagophthalmos and increasing the predictability of outcomes after surgery. Broadly speaking, the surgical method used for involutional ptosis varies depending on the specific case, but unlike congenital ptosis, it is often not necessary to perform overcorrection. In particular, if there are problems such as severe dry-eye symptoms or risk of lagophthalmos, undercorrection should be considered. When performing ptosis correction, the surgeon should be careful not to overdo skin excision; instead, limited excision should be performed. After ptosis surgery, the brow may descend and the double fold may look too small. However, in order to make the double eyelids look larger, the surgeon should consider making the double eyelid design high rather than excising an excessive amount of skin. In some cases, to obtain more natural double eyelids and favorable results, it may be necessary to perform a sub-brow lift or forehead lift before or after involutional ptosis surgery.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.315-320
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• 2003

A total of 240 crossbred(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc) pigs were housed from 70 kg live weight and slaughtered at weights of 95, 105, 115 and 125 kg. The left side loins of carcass were obtained at 24 hr postmortem to measure pork quality. There were significant differences(p<0.01) in eye muscle area of pork loins between the slaughter weights of 95 and 105 kg. However, no differences were observed in pork than 105 kg of slaughter weight. Ultimate pH values were decreased with increasing slaughter weight and cooking loss was also reduced(p<0.01) at the heavier weights. Slaughter weights did not affect the shear force and intramuscular fat. However, dry matter(DM) and crude protein(CP) contents of loin were increased, and cooking loss and sarcomere length were decreased with increasing slaughter weight. The lightness(L$^{*}$) and redness(a$^{*}$) of pork loin were increased with increasing slaughter weight. Results suggested that pork quality may be improved when pig slaughter weight is increased from 95 to 125 kg.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.113-120
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• 2015

Heavy metal ingredients of eyeliner product could cause side effect ranging from simple irritation, keratitis, corneal epithelium inflammation, eyelid dermatitis and dry eye symptoms have been reported. This study was conducted in order to prepare fundamental data for acceptable quality level heavy metal ingredients in the domestic and foreign cosmetic brand eyeliner products and to assess theirs the heavy metal concentrations. We measured the concentration of 5 heavy metals in 10 eyeliner products using ICP/MS-LC. According to the results, the average metal concentrations were as follows.; In case of domestic eyeliner products, 289.4 ppm for aluminium(Al), 304 ppm for manganese(Mn), 44 ppm for nickel(Ni), 0.58 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.35 ppm for lead(Pb). In case of Foreign eyeliner products, 11337.8 ppm for aluminium(Al), 1678.8 ppm for manganese(Mn), 74.2 ppm for nickel(Ni), 1 ppm for arsenic(As) and 0.8 ppm for lead(Pb). Foreign products contained higher amounts of the two elements(Pb, As) compared to domestic ones. Also, greater concentrations of arsenic(As) were detected from waterproof products than non-waterproof ones. In conclusion, for safety reasons we suggested the amounts of heavy metals from the domestic and foreign eyeliner products. This finding will be helpful to provide the fundamental data which is standard of toxicological heavy metals acceptable on eyeliner products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.224-239
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• 1994

In this study we examined several subjective symptoms in an exposed group and an unexposed group to perchloroethylene. The exposed group consists to 30 workers employed in 23 dry-cleaning establishments located in Chung Cheung Do, whereas the unexposed group consists of 42 officers employed in a certain university. This study was conducted from October, 1993 to March, 1994. Also we investigated personal exposure levels and area concentration of PCE, and performed hematological and biochemical examination in blood and urine samples from the exposed group. The results are : 1. The exposed group highly complains several subjective symptoms, particularly in neuropsychiatry, eye, respiratory system and digestive system, compared with the unexposed group. But complaint rates in the exposed group are not related with PCE exposure levels. 2. PCE exposure levels for all dry-cleaning establishment varied widely, from 0.18 to 37.58ppm. The mean exposure level for centers of chain was 16.85ppm, and for local laundries was 8.83ppm, while for self-service establishment it was 3.07ppm. Eighty three percent of the workers were exposed less than the half-level(25.0ppm) of the Korea 50.0ppm standard for eight-hour PCE exposure. Seventeen percent of them exceeded the half-level of the Korea TLV. 3. Statistical correlation exists between the work load(number of operation cycles of equipment and the mass of processed textiles) and the personal exposure levels to be observed. 4. In hematological examination the values of WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PLT in the exposed group were within normal ranges. In biochemical examination(GOT, GPT, ALP, U-A and LDH) most of the items were within normal ranges. From this surveys conducted on 23 dry-cleaning establishments, the complaint rates of the exposed group to PCE in several subjective symptoms were higher than those of the unexposed group, and PCE exposure levels in all dry-cleaning establishment were below the Koera standard 50.0ppm. In hematological and biochemical examination the significant abnormalities by occupational exposure to PCE were not observed. However, the workers employed in dry-cleaning establishments are always faced with risk, becauses they are also exposed to several organic solvents used to remove stains. Therefore, various measures to improve occupational environment in dry-cleaning establishment should be considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2010

Sex and its tropic hormones influence the lacrimal system, corneal anatomy and disease, aqueous humor dynamics and glaucoma, crystalline lens and cataract, and retinal disease. Dry eye occurs especially frequently during pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, and after menopause, during which androgen levels decrease. Androgen control development, differentiation, and lipid production of sebaceous glands throughout the body, and androgen deficiency also leads to meibomian gland dysfunction and evaporative dry eye. On the other hand, estrogen causes a reduction in size, activity, and lipid production of sebaceous glands. Sex and its tropic hormones also influence the corneal anatomy and disease, and corneal thickening occurred on the second day of the menstrual cycle and around the time of ovulation and appeared to be related to estrogen levels. Fuchs' dystrophy is more commonly seen in postmenopausal women than men and may be linked to hormonal changes that occur with aging. In addition, overexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the conjunctiva of vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients. Serum progesterone levels also may be associated with intraocular pressure especially in pregnant women, and for the women. For women with cataracts, hormone levels were typical of menopause, and there was a significant negative correlation between estradiol and follicular stimulating hormone levels. In addition, serum testosterone levels are associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy. Although the role of sex hormones on the eye is largely unknown, and the results should be interpreted with caution until replicated, the functions of sex hormones in ocular disease remains to be investigated, because they may be involved in structure and function of the ocular components, which are important in the pathogenesis of ocular disease.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1982

The growth characteristics and appropriate fertilizer-managements in the rejuvenating bamboo grove were studied with Phyllostachys reticulata. The bamboo soil was the sandy loam with rich humus. In the fertilized plots, the N-fertilizer was significantly absorbed, and it was necessary to fertilize the K-fertilizer continuously. According to the development of rejuvenating after flowering, the temperature and relative illumination became lower. while the moisture became higher. The relationship between the diameter at eye height (D) and the culm length (H) of each bamboo can be expressed as follow; $H=2.5538D^{0.5031}$ The leaf area is the major factor for the production of the bamboo grove. Therefore in the rejuvenating grove, we should refrain form pruning or felling of not -flowering bamboo. The theoretical distribution of the internodal length was obtained by the distribution curve line of the internodal length derived from the regular distribution curve line. Relatively long and even internodal length was found in the fertilized plots 2 and 4. The relation between $D^2H$ and dry weight of culm or dry weight of the above ground part were given by linear regression in both relations respectively on the logarithmic coordinates, but the propertional relation was not established in these relations. The biomass of the above ground part obtained by the allometry method showed high values in the fertilized plots 2.5 and 6. The appropriate amounts of the three elements, N, P and K for the maximum dry matter were 24.19, 15.51, 8.63 kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the accommodative facility, blink rate and accommodative lag according to the change of angles of main viewpoint of near distance worker and study an appropriate viewing angle that mitigates asthenopia, such as headaches or eye fatigue accompanied when reading and staring at the computer or TV for a long time. Methods: Total of 27 people including 12 male university students and 15 female university students in the age of 20 to 36 with frequent near distance works, such as computers, were selected to study the accommodative facility, the blink rate and the accommodative lag in accordance with the change of viewing angles of the near distance workers. The refraction error was corrected completely and the phoropter was shifted to near distance mode to locate the near distance indication at 40 cm. The accommodative facility and the blink rate were measured for one minute at each viewing direction of $40^{\circ}$ downward, $20^{\circ}$ downward, horizontal, and $20^{\circ}$ upward directions based on the horizontal line and the accommodative lag was measured in dynamic retinoscopy using retinoscope. Results: As a result, when the main viewpoint was moved on upper direction from the $40^{\circ}$ below, the accommodative facility was reduced and the blink rate and the accommodative lag were increased so their eyes became dry and the accommodation response was reduced. Conclusions: In near distance works, the eye fatigue level can be minimized by locating a book or a computer screen $40^{\circ}$ below than the horizontal direction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

This study examined the growth of herb plants in response to irrigation on a green rooftop area in order to select herb plants that can be used for rooftop greening. Apple Mint (Mentha suaveolens), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans), Choco Mint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita 'Choco Mint'), Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) showed increased growth when irrigated. Conversely, Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia ), Peppermint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita ), Vicks Plant (Plectranthus tomentosa), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla), Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens), Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) and Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) demonstrated satisfactory growth regardless of irrigation. Peppermint, Tansy, Lemon Verbena, Soapwort, and Lady's mantle seem to be suitable for green rooftop because of their overwintering ability and drought hardiness. Pineapple sage, Apple Mint and Thyme would seem to be inappropriate for rooftop greening because they showed negative growth response to drought and failed overwintering. Although Spearmint, Lemon balm, Choco Mint, Ox-eye Daisy and Roman Chamomile had reduced growth during dry conditions, they were able to overwinter satisfactorily and can be used as rooftop plants with irrigation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is screening of microfloras involved in hydrolysis of seaweed tenella, seaweed fusiforme and green laver. This is a part of studies on the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms. First, about two hundred microflora samples were obtained from mountain, rice field, dry field, sea, seaside and fish market in the vicinity of Yeosu. Thirty-three microflora samples were screened from the destruction of tissue in sea tangle and sea mustard. It was sufficient that results of the naked eye observation were obtained at eight microflora samples as a feces of bull, a decayed pine tree, a soil of dry field, the mud of the banks in a rice field, the water of a ditch in a rice field, the weed of the banks in a rice field, the water in a rice field and leaved in the air. Above all, extraction rate and contents of reducing sugar in extracts of seaweeds added a decayed pine tree(sample No. 8) and the water of a ditch in a rice field(sample No. 27) were showed high value. And the value of chemical analysis of the sample is much better in comparison with control. Accordingly the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms in the inside of these microflora samples can be possible.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is screening of microfloras involved in hydrolysis of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) and sea mustard ( Undaria pinnatifida), This is a part of studies on the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms. General process is difficult to extract of the useful constituent parts as intercellular mucilage, storage polysaccharide and mineral from seafood. It was screening to thirty-three microflora samples as destructed of tissue in sea tangle and sea mustard to about two hundred microflora samples from mountain, rice field, dry field, sea, seaside and fish market etc. in the neighborhood of Yeosu. Sufficient results of the naked eye observation were obtained at eight microflora samples as a feces of bull, a decayed pine tree, a soil of dry field, the mud of the banks in a rice Held, the water of a ditch in a rice Held, the weed of the banks in a rice field, the water in a rice field and leaved in the air, And the value of chemical analysis of the sample is much better in comparison with control. Accordingly, the hydrolysis of seaweed using microorganisms in the inside of these microflora samples can possibility.