• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2009

This study was carried out to determine the effect of establishment of organic pasture by hoof cultivation with Korean black goat on productivity of grassland and properties of soil. This study was conducted from August, 2005 to September, 2008 at Cheonan, Korea. Experiment was designed composing with 4 treatment : Standard (Control, T1), Grazing after application of cattle manure (T2), Application of cattle manure after grazing (T3), Application of cattle manure at half of grazing (T4). The establishment ratio of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment(p<0.05). The yield of dry matter (DM) of pasture in control treatment increased significantly as compared with that of organic treatment. The contents of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of pasture were not influenced by cattle manure and grazing method. Grasses coverage ratio in grassland in second year after grassland development were higher than that of first year. The contents of organic matter (OM) and $P_2O_5$ in soil samples collected in organic treatment at the end of the experiment were higher than those of control. However, The pH, and the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na and Mg) in soil samples collected in organic treatment were hardly influenced, as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment. This study suggests that the grasses and legumes coverage ratio in grassland can be improved by suitable pasture management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.816-824
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the shoot height at which the yield and nutritive value of wormwood (Artemisia montana) is optimized in order to provide information on its potential to support animal production (Experiment 1). A second objective was to determine how the essential oil (EO) concentration in wormwood hay and silage differ (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, Artemisia montana was harvested at five different shoot heights (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm) from triplicate $1.8{\times}1.8m$ plots. Dry matter (DM) yield was measured at each harvest date and the harvested wormwood was botanically separated into leaf, stalk and whole plant fractions and analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD). Values for total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) were subsequently calculated using prediction equations. Dry matter yields of stalk and whole plant increased linearly (p<0.001) and leaf yield increased quadratically (p<0.01) with shoot height, whereas the leaf/stalk ratio decreased linearly (p<0.001). As shoot height increased, there was a linear increase (p<0.001) in leaf DM, ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents and a quadratic increase (p<0.05) in leaf acid detergent fiber (ADF) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents, and stalk and whole plant DM (p<0.001), organic matter (OM, p<0.01 and p<0.05), NDF (p<0.001 and 0.05) and NFE (p<0.05) contents. However, there were decreases in leaf crude protein content (CP, quadratic, p<0.001) and stalk and whole plant EE content (linear, p<0.001), CP (quadratic, p<0.05) and ash (quadratic, p<0.05) contents. Digestibility of DM and TDN, and DE and ME value in leaves were not affected by increasing shoot height, but these measures linearly decreased (p<0.001) in stalk and whole plant. In Experiment 2, the hay had higher DM and CP concentrations, but lower EE concentration than the silage. Essential oil (EO) content in wormwood silage (0.49 g/100 g DM) was higher (p<0.05) than that in wormwood hay (0.32 g/100 g DM). Wormwood hay contained 25 essentail oils (EO) including camphor (10.4 g/100 g), 1-borneol (11.6 g/100 g) and caryophyllene oxide (27.7 g/100 g), and wormwood silage had 26 EO constituents including 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (8.1 g/100 g), trans-caryophyllene (8.6 g/100 g) and ${\gamma}$-selinene (16.8 g/100 g). It is concluded that the most ideal shoot height for harvesting wormwood is 60 cm based on the optimization of DM yield and nutritive value. Wormwood silage had a greater quantity and array of EO than wormwood hay.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.269-272
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• 1998

Characteristics of seed and plant growth of the nine local collections of the medicinal plant, Agastache rugosa were evaluated. Seed size of the collection from Garyungsan was larger than the others. Seeds of Damyang collection were the smallest in size. Seeds of the collections were mostly oval shaped. There were no differences between brown and black seed coat color groups in seed width, ratio of seed length to seed width and 1,000 seed weight. Stem lengths of Garyungsan and Bongpyung collections were 99.9 and 95.6 cm, respectively, and were longer than Damyang and Jindo collections. Garyungsan collection had long leaf shape. Leaf size was the smallest for Damyang collection, but was the largest for Bongpyung collection. Inflorescence length of Mokpo collection (15.6 cm) was longer than the average over all collections (12.3 cm). Damyang collection was the shortest (10.1 cm) in inflorescence. Top dry weight of each collection from Soonchun, Bongpyung, Mokpo, Jindo, and Gurye was greater than the average over all collections (20.38 g/plant). Jinju and Damyang collections had less top dry matter than others. There was no difference in the growth traits examined between brown and black seed coat groups. The brown seed group was greater in leaf weight than the black seed group. However, these two groups were not different in stem and inflorescence weight. Collections of A. rugosa from Bongpyung, Soonchun, and Mokpo were promising for commercial cultivation because of their great top dry weight, especially in leaf and inflorescence.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1221-1229
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• 2018

Objective: A study was conducted to evaluate the varietal differences among faba bean straws and also to assess the potentials of faba bean straws supplemented with concentrate fed at the rate 70% straws and 30% concentrate mixture on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of the animals. Methods: Forty yearling Arsi-Bale sheep with initial body weight of $19.85{\pm}0.29kg$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) were grouped in a randomized complete block design into eight blocks of five animals each based on their initial body weight. Straws included in the study were from Mosisa (T1M), Walki (T2W), Degaga (T3D), Shallo (T4S), and local (T5L) varieties of faba bean and concentrate (2:1 ratio of wheat bran to "noug" seed cake). The experiment consisted of seven days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trials followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at the end. Results: Local variety had lower (p<0.05) in grain and straw yield compared to improved varieties but higher in crude protein, metabolizable energy contents and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of sheep fed Walki and Mosisa straws were higher than (p<0.05) straws from Shallo varieties. Sheep fed Walki straw had greater (p<0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency than sheep fed local and Shallo straws. Slaughter body weight and empty body weight were higher (p<0.05) for sheep fed Mosisa and Walki straws as compared to sheep fed Shallo straws. Apart from this, the other carcass components were not affected (p>0.05) by variety of the faba bean straws. Conclusion: There is significant varietal differences between faba bean straws both in quality and quantity. Similarly, significant variation was observed in feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency among sheep fed different straws of faba bean varieties with concentrate supplement. Based on these results, Walki and Mosisa varieties could be recommended as pulse crop rotation with cereals in the study area.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-57
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• 1977

Seasenal absorption of inorganic nutrients and dry matter Production were studied with four-year-old ginseng plant. The residuary amounts of the nutrients supplied to ginseng Plantation were decreased with lime elapsed. The decreasing rate was greater in chemical plots than in Yacto Plots. The amounts of manure applied in this current year and growth in dry matter production of ginseng showed no signficant difference. The amounts of mineral nutrients per unit dry matter were proportional to the amounts of supplied with chemical fertilizer in the early period of growing season but with Yacto in the late season of growing. Seasonal changes of nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium contents per unit dry weight in each organ were high in the middle of May. They decreased sharply in the middle of June and then slowly decreased in both leaves and stems but gradually increased in roots. The absorption ratio of nitrogen to Phosphorus (N/P) was high, and that of nitrogen to Potassium (N/K) was few. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium in leaves became lower with increasing the relative light intensity, but in stems, the concentrations were different with the kind of mineral nutrients. The requisite amounts of mineral nutrient of ginseng plant were 8.3∼9.9 kg of nitrogen, 1.2∼1.5 kg of phosphorus, 6.4∼7.9 kg of potassium Per 10 a for five years.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1994

Earthworm cast was investigated in this study in order to domestically develop inexpensive and safe plug nursery soil. 20,30,40 and 50% of earthworm cast were added to the nursery soil as vegetable plant growth media, in which peatmoss and vermiculite constituted the rest of the soil. The effects of earthworm cast on the growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling were obtained as follows. 1. According to the growth stages, significant differences(p=0.001) were recorded in number of leaves, leaf area and biological dry matter yield per plant(shoor or root dry matter yield per plant). In view of mixing ratios in the nursery soil, number of leaves, leaf area and stem weight per plant showed differences significantly at 1% level and leaf weight, root weight and biological dry weight per plant at 5% level, respectively. 2. The nursery soil with earthworm cast showed increased number of leaves and leaf area per plant compared to the commercial nursery soil particularly in the later stage of this study than in the earlier stage 3. Through the total period of seedling growth, leaf weight, stem weight and root weight per plant in the nursery soil with earthworm cast were genrally higher than those in the control and this trend was apparant in the treatment of more than 40% of mixing ratio with earthworm cast. 4. Although leaf weight per plant was higher than stem weight per plant till the 3rd week, from the 4th week stem weight per plant was getting higher. In the later stage of seedling growth, the stem weight was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control. 5. There was no significant difference on biological dry matter yield in the earlier stage of this study, however in the later stage, it was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.286-291
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• 2002

Seedling establishment of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a critical factor in production system and cultural practices. The objective of this study was to identify the components of soybean seedling developments encompassing planting dates and cultivars that respond to emergence, early growth stage and dry matter accumulation. Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeumkong, Shinpaldalkong 2, and Pungsannamulkong, were planted at Baegsan silty loam soil. Planting date was May 13, June 3, and June 24 in 2001. Sprinkler irrigation was accompanied with 30mm after seeding for three planting dates. Soybean seedlings were sampled at the growth stages from VE to V5. Days to emergence of soybean seedlings were taken 8 at May 13 and 5 at June 24 plantings. Emergence percentage was over 90 at three planting dates. May 13 planting took 33 days and June 24 planting was 25 days for reaching V5 growth stage. Cotyledon number was decreased after V2. Significant cultivar difference was found in cotyledon dry weight until V2 which differed in seed dry weights at the planting times. Leaf and total dry weights of soybean seedlings were not differed from V1 to V3 among planting dates and cultivars. Leaf water contents were generally ranged 78 to 85%. Branch was appeared from V4. Leaf/stem ratio among cultivars was similar at five growth stages and gradually increased from 2.1 at V1 to 2.8 at V5. The results based on this experiment indicated that seedling establishment of soybean was continued from VE to V3 growth stages affecting mainly by planting date and soil moisture.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.267-274
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of mixture ratios of worm cast and soil on the growth orchardgrass seedlings, and estimate the adequate mixture ratio of worm cast for plant growth media. Mixture ratios of worm cast and soil were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The value of dry weight of shoot(SW), dry weight of root(RW), number of tillers per plant(NT) and biological yield(BY) were the highest in the mixture with 60% of worm cast. Particularly, the dry weight distribution to root in 20%-60% mixture ratios of worm cast were higher than those grown in 80%-100% mixture ratios of worm cast, it may due to the enhancement of root growth by adquate worm cast mix. 2. The orchardgrass seedlings in the 60% mixture ratio of worm cast grown in favourable soil conditions compared to those grown in other mixtrure ratios of worm cast and soil without worm cast. The soil analysis data showed that 60% mixture ratio of worm cast contained pH 6.16, 13.84% of organic matter, 0.84% of total nitrogen, 1,413.9ppm of available phosphorus and 16.7me／100g of cation exchange capacity, respectively. 3. Biological yield(BY) indicated positive significant correlation with the dry weights of shoot(SW) and root(RW). And, the dry weight of shoot(SW) had positive correlation with the number of tiller per plant(NT) and dry weight of tiller(WT).

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 1998

To have a basic idea on the spectral reflectance signature in paddy rice canopy, we measured spectral reflectance from paddy rice canopy(Ilpumbyeo) using spectroradiometer (GER Inc. SFOV : 0.35~2.50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) in situ weekly or biweekly from transplanting to ripening stage. Spectral reflectance of the visible range (0.4~0.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) was decreased to below 5% and then slightly increased again after heading stage in rice canopy. Meanwhile spectral reflectance of the near-infrared range (0.7~1.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$) was increased to 40~50% and then decreased a great deal after panicle initiation stage in rice canopy. Landsat TM equivalent band set ($\bar{p}$$_{TMi}$) was created by averaging spectral reflectance values to the real TM bands. Correlation analysis between the rice crop variables (LAI, total dry matter) and TM equivalent band set ($\bar{p}$$_{TMi}$) showed that LAI and total dry matter of rice were highly correlated with visible bands such as $\bar{p}$$_{TM1}$, $\bar{p}$$_{TM2}$, and $\bar{p}$$_{TM3}$. Ratio values ($\bar{p}$$_{TMi}$/$\bar{p}$$_{TMi}$) such as $\bar{p}$$_{TM4}$/$\bar{p}$$_{TM2}$ were also highly correlated with rice crop variables such as LAI and total dry matter.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to estimate the dry matter accumulation using growth analysis in spring growth of perennial ryegrass varieties grown under space planting conditions, based on the data of previous paper9'. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Growth parameters of leaf area ratio(LAR), specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf weight ratio(LWR) were recognized siginificant differences between varieties. But, specific leaf area(SLA), leaf weight ratio (LWR) and relative tiller appearance rate(RTAR) were recognized significant differences between growth stages. Specific leaf area(SLA) was significant difference for the interaction of variety Xgrowth stage. 2. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlations with relative growth rate of shoot(RGR) and root(RWGR), and net assimilation rate(NAR) as affected by the varieties and growth stages. 3. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlation with nct assimilation rate(NAR) in all varieties. Leaf area ratio(LAR) had significantly positive correlation with specific leaf area(SLA) in all varieties, but shows a significant negative correlation with leaf weight ratio(LWR) of Maprima variety. 4. The relative growth rate of biological yields(BYRGR) indicated significantly positive correlations with the absolute growth rates of yield components.