• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2012

Objective : The endpoint of this trial is to verify therapeutical availability of conventional western eyedrops combined with acupuncture treatment by means of BUT(tear film break-up time), Schirmer's test, which have been considered to be typical methods for diagnosing dry eye syndrome. Methods : The subjects of this trial included the outpatients who had been diagnosed with dry eye syndrome in Pusan national university hospital and underwent acupuncture treatment from March 2011 to April 2011. They received acupuncture treatment once a week, three times while constantly using Restasis or artificial tears. We collated and analyzed the outcome data of Schirmer's test and BUT conducted at the beginning of this trial and three times more after each acupuncture treatments. Acupoints, such as, Chanjuk(BL2), Eoryo, Sajukgong(TE23), Taeyang, Sabaek(ST2), limited around both eyes were selected based on their clinical effects referring to medical books. Results : 1. From BUT test results, Restasis and acupuncture combined group showed statistically significant difference, however, artificial tears and acupuncture combined group showed difference only between before and after the treatment, which is not statistically significant. 2. From Schirmer's test results, Restasis and acupuncture combined group showed statistically significant difference, however, artificial tears and acupuncture combined group showed difference only between before and after the treatment, which is not statistically significant. 3. The average duration of treatment was statistically 16.3 days for Restasis and acupuncture combined group. Conclusions : Combination of acupuncture and Restasis for dry eye syndrome can shorten the duration of treatment. Therefore, clinical benefit is expected to be worth.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.321-333
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• 1994

1. Autum-dryness syndrome(秋燥) is caused by dry-warm or dry=-cool weather condition when lower-warmer Eumfen(下焦陰分) was injured by jung hyoul hatal(精血下脫) or taking medicines of dryness in autumn. 2. The symptoms of autum-dryness syndrome are headach, fever, chilling, anhydrosis, dry cough, tinnitis, dry lip, dry skin, chest discomfort in cool-dryness syndrome(凉燥) and headach, fever, dry cough, paroxymal cough, dry skin, chest pain, polydipsia, tinnitis, eye redness, sore throat in heat-dryness syndrome(溫燥). 3. Hyangsochongsitang(香蘇蔥頭湯) chn be applied for terating cool-dryness syndrome(凉燥) and chungjogoopyetang(淸燥救肺湯) for heat-dryness syndrome(溫燥). Sang Hang Tang(桑杏湯) can be administered when the evils located in the upper-warmer, and Yukmihwan(六味丸) can be administered when located in the lower-warmer(下焦) 4. According the determination of treatment based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs. When the symptoms of Weifen syndrome(衛分證) are headach, fever, dry lip or chilling or dypsia and the treatment of weifen syndrome apply Hangsosan(行蘇散) or Sang hang tang(桑杏湯). When the symptoms of Qifen syndrome(氣分證) are tinnitis, eye redness, sore throat, chest discomfort, polydipsia, dry cough, watery diarrhea, constipation and Jibaekjihwang(知栢地黃丸) when Ohingulpitang(五仁橘皮湯) Chungjogupyetang(淸燥救肺湯) can are applied for treating Qifen syndrome(氣分證). When the symptoms of younghylfen syndrome(營血分證) are dry cough, watery diarrhea, dypsia, chest discomfort, hematemesis, epistaxis and agyohwang keum tang(阿膠湯) Oknyujun(玉女煎) can be applied for treating Younghyulfen syndrome(營血分證).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.671-677
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the influencing factors of self-reported dry mouth in the employees in social welfare facilities. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 260 employees in social welfare facilities from January 5 to 30, 2015 by convenience sampling method. Except 25 incomplete answers, 215 data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 180. program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, health-related characteristics, whole body dryness and self-reported dry mouth. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by five point Likert scale, and a higher score indicated a lower quality of life. Results: The self-reported dry mouth in the employees in the social welfare facilities varied by the general health status, stress, oral health status and oral malodor. The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to the quality of life and the four subfactors including dryness of skin, eye, lip and nasal mucosa. The quality of life had the influence on the self-reported dry mouth, nasal mucosa dryness, eye dryness, and oral malodor in order. Conclusions: The self-reported dry mouth was closely related to whole body dryness and the quality of life. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs that prevent and manage the dry mouth and whole body dryness in the employees in the social welfare facilities.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the cognitive degree of dry eyes in nursing students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires (cognitive degree of dry eyes, Standard Patients Evaluation of Eye Dryness [SPEED] questionnaire, and McMonnies questionnaire) from 233 nursing students of E university. Results: The mean scores for the cognitive degree of dry eyes, SPEED, and McMonnies were 21.43, 8.02, and 6.39, respectively. The cognitive degree of dry eyes was found to have a significantly positive correlation with McMonnies and SPEED scores. Additionally, the factors that influenced the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students were hours of using smart phones, McMonnies score, and the SPEED score. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that interventions need to developed and applied to reduce and control the cognitive degree of dry eyes among nursing students.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

This study was designed to investigate the current state of lens wearing and care, and to investigate eye discomfort according to the care method. Data of 209 female college students wearing lenses for more than 1 year were analyzed using the SPSS / WIN 22.0 program. 40.2% of female students wear lenses every day and 97.1% wear all day. However, only 45.4% of students washed it daily, and only 17.7 % used protein remover during wash, which resulted in poor management. 98.1% of students complained of discomfort due to the lens, and the Ocular Surface Index (OSDI) scored 42.88 ± 15.25, which was classified as a severe dry eye and threatened eye health. Therefore, it is necessary to improve students' awareness of lens management, and periodical lens inspection and management education are needed.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.32.1-32.10
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• 2023

Background: The association between vitamin D and canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) has not been investigated in dogs. Objectives: To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) and tear film breakup time (TFBUT) in dogs. Methods: Sixty-one clinically healthy, client-owned dogs were enrolled. STT-1 and TFBUT were measured in 122 (61dogs) and 82 (41 dogs out of total 61 dogs) eyes, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were evaluated by quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. The dogs were classified into 6 groups according to the evaluations (STT-1: group 1, normal [≥ 15 mm/min] in both eyes; group 2, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 15 mm/min] in the fellow eye; group 3, abnormal in both eyes; TFBUT: group 4, normal [≥ 20 sec] in both eyes; group 5, normal in one eye and abnormal [< 20 sec] in the fellow eye; group 6, abnormal in both eyes). Results: STT-1 was positively correlated with TFBUT (p < 0.001). Among the STT-1 groups, the mean serum 25(OH)D concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than in groups 2 and 3 with positive correlation (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences among the TFBUT groups 4, 5, and 6. Conclusions: In dogs, it was found that serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a greater effect on quantitative KCS than qualitative KCS. Therefore, it is considered that measurement of serum 25(OH)D concentration could be included in the diagnostic tests in canine quantitative KCS patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.763-768
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effectiveness of Korean medicine, especially Gami-onchung-eum, for treatment of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome. Methods: The patient, diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome, was suffering from systemic symptoms accompanied by dry mouth, dry eye, and fatigue. We treated her with Korean medicine involving a herbal decoction, acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping. We used the European League Against Rheumatism $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ Syndrome Patient Reported Index for assessment. Results: Based on the European League Against Rheumatism $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ Syndrome Patient Reported Index, after 28 days of treatment, dry mouth decreased to a score of 5, dry eye decreased to 2, and fatigue decreased to 3. Conclusions: Korean medicine, including Gami-onchung-eum, may be an effective treatment for Sjogren's syndrome.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the treatment of a patient suffering from $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ Syndrome with influenza A virus infection with Korean medicine. Methods: We used herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion to treat a patient during hospitalization. We observed the changes in symptoms using the European League against Rheumatism $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ Syndrome Patient Reports Index (ESSPRI) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: After treatment for 17 days, the patient's symptoms showed improvement in joint pain, dry eye, and dry mouth. The ESSPRI score was decreased from 10 to 5.3. The VAS for dry mouth and dry eye were decreased from 10 to 6 and from 10 to 5, respectively. Conclusion: This clinical case study suggests that Korean medicine treatment that includes Insamyangyoung-tang-gami could be effective in the treatment of $Sj{\ddot{o}}gren^{\prime}s$ Syndrome.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.752-756
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of cooking condition on the water-soluble flavor precursors relevant to postmortem glycogen metabolisms in various beef muscles from Hanwoo (Korean cattle). The loins, striploins, top rounds, and eye of rounds from 40-mon-old heifers were cooked in either with $100^{\circ}C$ water bath (wet-cooking) or $180^{\circ}C$ household electric oven (dry-cooking) until attained to about $80^{\circ}C$ of internal temperature before the measurements of amounts of macroglycogen, proglycogen, free glucose, and lactate. The macroglycogen and proglycogen contents were not significant differences in all beef muscles between the wet-cooking and dry-cooking treatments. Regardless of cooking condition, the both loin and top round had higher (p<0.05) two types of glycogen than the eye of round. The free glucose and lactate contents presented higher trends in the dry-cooking treatment compared with the wet-cooking treatment. The wet-cooked top round had higher (p<0.05) free glucose than the wet-cooked eye of round. Moreover, the top round contained the highest lactate content regardless of cooking condition. Consequently, it is considered that the dry-cooking treatment would be more beneficial to the flavor of cooked beef muscles than the wet-cooking treatment.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

[Purpose] Here, we aimed to determine the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum stem extract (PSE) on exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rat models and hyperosmotic stress-stimulated human conjunctival cells (HCCs). [Methods] Seven week old male Wistar rats were divided into six groups. Only the rats in the control group (NOR, n=5) did not undergo surgery. Three days after the surgery, the exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rats were randomly allocated to five groups: (1) vehicle-treated dry-eyed rats (DED, n=5); (2) PSE (10 mg/kg) treated DED rats (PSE-10, n=5); (3) PSE (100 mg/kg) treated DED rats (PSE-100, n=5); and (4) PSE (250 mg/kg) treated DED rats (PSE-250, n=5). In addition, the HCC line was co-treated with hyperosmolar media (528 mOsm) and PSE (1-100 μg/ml). [Results] PSE treatment restored the tear volume and goblet cell density by inhibiting severe corneal irregularities and damage. The treatment with PSE significantly attenuated the hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation and cell death through the suppression of mRNA expression levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) as well as the activation of caspase-3 in vitro. [Conclusion] The inhibitory effects of PSE treatment on dry eye disease indicate the potential of nutritional intervention by PES against inflammatory diseases without adverse effects.