• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-29
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• 2011

Purpose: The role of a point of care test (POCT) is currently becoming important when treating patients and making decisions in the emergency department. It also plays a role for managing patients presenting with drug intoxication. But the availability of the test has not yet been studied in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the utility and the availability of POCT for drug screening used in the emergency department. Methods: This was a retrospective study for those patients with drug intoxication between January 2007 and December 2010 in an urban emergency department. Results: Between the study period, 543 patients were examined with a Triage$^{(R)}$-TOX Drug Screen. Among those, 248 (45.7%) patients showed negative results and 295 (54.3%) patients showed positive results. The sensitivity of the test for benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressants were 85.9%, 100%, 79.2%, respectively. Conclusion: POCT of drug screening in emergency department showed good accuracy especially in patient with benzodiazepine, acetaminophen and tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Therefore, it can be useful diagnostic tool for the management of intoxicated patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Background: The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has become a serious worldwide problem. However, there is insufficient data regarding the current status of MDR-TB and XDR-TB in Korea. This study examined the recent status of MDR- and XDR-TB using the data from 7 laboratories, in which almost all drug susceptibility tests (DST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were performed. Methods: The patients' identification data and DST results were collected from all 7 laboratories from 2001 to 2006 and the number of patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB were calculated. Results: The number of DSTs was 140,638 for 6 years with an increasing incidence each year (p<0.001). The number of DST with MDR results was 18,510 and personal identifying information was obtained in 16,640 (89.9%) tests. The number of MDR-TB patients from 2001 to 2006 was 2,329, 2,496, 2,374, 2,300, 2,354, and 2,178, respectively, when counting the duplications in a year as one patient. The number of MDR-TB patients when counting the duplications in 6 years as one patient was 2,281, 1,977, 1,620, 1,446, 1,512, and 1,373, respectively. When the same method was adopted, the number of XDR-TB patients was 191, 238, 282, 260, 272, and 264, respectively, and 189, 150, 130, 90, 122, and 110 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the national efforts to control TB, there are still a large number of MDR- and XDR-TB patients in Korea.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

Residual solvents in foods are defined as organic volatile chemicals used or produced in manufacturing of extracts or additives, or functional foods. The solvents are not completely eliminated by practical manufacturing techniques and they also may become contaminated by solvents from packing, transportation or storage in warehouses. Because residual solvents have no nutritional value but may be hazardous to human health, there is a need to remove them from the final products or reduce their amounts to below acceptable levels. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an analytical method for the screening of residual solvents in health functional foods. Furthermore, the aim of this study was to constitute a reasonable management system based on the current state of the market and case studies of foreign countries. Eleven volatile solvents such as MeOH, EtOH, trichloroethylene and hexane were separated depending on their column properties, temp. and time using Gas Chromatography (GC). After determining the GC conditions, a sample preparation method using HSS (Head Space Sampling) was developed. From the results, a method for analyzing residual solvents in health functional foods was developed considering matrix effect and interference from the sample obtained from the solution of solvents-free health functional foods spiked with 11 standards solutions. Validation test using the developed GC/HSS/MS (Mass Spectrometry) method was followed by tests for precision, accuracy, recovery, linearity and adequate sensitivity. Finally, examination of 104 samples grouped in suits was performed by the developed HSS/GC/MS for screening the solvents. The 11 solvents were isolated from health functional foods based on vapor pressure difference, and followed by separation within 15 minutes in a single run. The limt of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and coefficient of variation (C.V.) of these compounds determined by the HSS/GC/MS were found to be 0.1 pg/mL, 0.1-125 pg/g, 51.0-104.6%, and less than 15%, respectively. Using the developed HSS/GC/MS method, residual solvent from 16 out of 104 health functional products were detected as a EtOH. This method therefore seems t o be a valuable extension ofanalytical method for the identification of residual solvents in health functional food.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2021

본 연구는 결핵환자의 초기 치료에서 모든 항결핵제에 감수성을 보이는 경우, 치료 과정 중 항결핵제에 대한 내성 전환을 조사하였다. 2010년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 111개 의료기관에서 녹십자의료재단에 항결핵제감수성 검사를 의뢰한 760건의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 항결핵제에 모두 감수성인 594명중 추적 기간에 감수성에서 내성으로 전환되는 56명을 분석한 결과 INH, RIF, SM, QUI 순으로 단독 내성 전환율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, INH, RIF에 동시에 복합 내성을 보인 경우는 56명중 17명(30.4%)으로 높은 내성 전환율을 보이고 있다. 전환 시기는 INH 항결핵제는 최소 98일부터 1,862일, 평균 435.6일이며, RIF 항결핵제는 최소 108일부터 1,673일, 평균 457.7일로 분석되었다. 이에 본 연구는 결핵 초기 치료 후 모든 항결핵제에 감수성을 보였다면 3개월이 지난 시점에서 반드시 항결핵제 감수성 검사를 통해 내성 전환 및 다제내성결핵을 확인해야만 한다고 사료되며, 국민보건향상과 국민건겅증진을 위한 국가결핵관리 사업에 도움이 되었으면 한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.982-995
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• 2020

A putative multidrug efflux gene, yddA, was cloned from the Escherichia coli K-12 strain. A drug-sensitive strain of E. coli missing the main multidrug efflux pump AcrB was constructed as a host and the yddA gene was knocked out in wild-type (WT) and drug-sensitive E. coliΔacrB to study the yddA function. Sensitivity to different substrates of WT E.coli, E. coliΔyddA, E. coliΔacrB and E. coliΔacrBΔyddA strains was compared with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and fluorescence tests. MIC assay and fluorescence test results showed that YddA protein was a multidrug efflux pump that exported multiple substrates. Three inhibitors, ortho-vanadate, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and reserpine, were used in fluorescence tests. Ortho-vanadate and reserpine significantly inhibited the efflux and increased accumulation of ethidium bromide and norfloxacin, while CCCP had no significant effect on YddA-regulated efflux. The results indicated that YddA relies on energy released from ATP hydrolysis to transfer the substrates and YddA is an ABC-type multidrug exporter. Functional study of unknown ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily transporters in the model organism E. coli is conducive to discovering new multidrug resistance-reversal targets and providing references for studying other ABC proteins of unknown function.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes about 20% of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in Korea. Diagnosing EPTB remains challenging because clinical samples obtained from relatively inaccessible sites may be paucibacillary, thus decreasing the sensitivity of diagnostic tests. Whenever practical, every effort should be made to obtain appropriate specimens for both mycobacteriologic and histopathologic examinations. The measurement of biochemical markers in TB-affected serosal fluids (adenosine deaminase or gamma interferon) and molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction may be useful adjuncts in the diagnosis of EPTB. Although the disease usually responds to standard anti-TB drug therapy, the ideal regimen and duration of treatment have not yet been established. A paradoxical response frequently occurs during anti-TB therapy. It should be distinguished from other causes of clinical deterioration. Surgery is required mainly to obtain valid diagnostic specimens and to manage complications. Because smear microscopy or culture is not available to monitor patients with EPTB, clinical monitoring is the usual way to assess the response to treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2001

결핵환자에 있어 rpoB 유전자 염기서열 돌연변이로 인해 생겨나는 rifampin(RIF)내성은 화학요법치료에서 나타나는 다제내성의 표지자로서 많은 연구가 되어 있으며 rifabutin(RIB)은 이러한 RIF의 내성을 보이는 일부 점돌연변이에 대하여 감성 또는 내성을 보이는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 mycobacteria rpoB 유전자의 특정 DNA 서열(17 bp)을 고정한 올리고뉴클레오티드 칩을 개발하여 rpoB 유전자의 점돌연변이으로 인한 RIF과 RIB의 감수성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 사용된 올리고뉴클레오티드 칩은 RIF 내성 프로브 및 RIB 감성 프로브를 포함하도록 고안되었으며, 각각의 돌연변이에 상응하는 야생형 프로브를 동일한 염기서열에서 선정하여 형광 시그날 세기의 직접비교에 의해 보다 정확한 탐지를 가능하게 하였다. 결과 : 15개의 임상 분리체를 검사한 결과 RIF 내성으로 밝혀진 돌연변이중 13개의 임상 분리체에서 RIB 감수성 돌연변이 종류를 판별할 수 있었다. 결론 : 올리고뉴레오티드 칩으로 rpoB 유전자에 대한 점돌연변이 연구는 결핵환자에 대한 RIF과 RIB 약제내성 유무를 판단케 함으로써 효과적인 화학요법치료를 가능케 할 것이며 기존 방법과 비교시 효율 및 재현성이 매우 높다고 판단되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2008

연구배경: 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵은 전세계적으로 결핵 치료에 큰 위협으로 등장하고 있지만 이에 대한 국내의 정확한 실태 및 추이는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 일개 결핵병원에서 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵의 빈도 및 추이를 살펴봄으로써 국내 실태를 간접적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년부터 2005년 사이에 국립마산병원에 입원하여 배양양성 결핵으로 진단된 환자를 대상으로 약제 감수성검사 결과와 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 2001년부터 2005년 사이에, 다제내성결핵은 신환자에서 9.2%, 13.8%, 16.9%, 23%, 27.0%로 의미있게 증가하였고(p<0.001 for trend) 재치료환자에서 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9%, 19.1%로 의미있게 증가하였다 (p=0.002 for trend). 광범위내성결핵은 신환자에서 0%, 2.3%, 3.1%, 2.5%, 6.3%로 의미있게 증가하였고(p=0.005 for trend) 재치료환자에서 9.1%, 15.7%, 17.3%, 19.9%, 19.1%로 의미있게 증가하였다(p<0.001 for trend). 결론: 다제내성결핵과 광범위내성결핵은 신환자와 재치료환자 모두에서 증가하는 추이를 보였다. 국내의 정확한 실태 파악을 위하여 공공 및 민간의료기관을 포괄하는 통합적인 약제내성실태 조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2011

Purpose: This study analyzed recent trends of instrument usage assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: The researcher collected 64 studies outside the country that were published between January 1996 and August 2010. Results: There was no study on the instrument assessing all domains of cognitive function in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Most instruments assessing cognitive function of breast cancer patients have been used for patients with dementia, depression, and/or organic brain damage. Also the objective neuropsychological tests such as the grooved pegboard for the psychomotor area, RCFT copy in visuospatial skill area and the WAIS-III block design have low sensitivity for measuring cognitive function in breast cancer patients, thus they are not good for applying to breast cancer patients. Conclusion: There is a need to develop an instrument which has good sensitivity and specificity for measuring the cognitive function of the breast cancer patients who experienced cognitive impairment after chemotherapy treatment. In addition, the developed instrument needs to be accessible and feasible in any nursing clinical setting for the purpose of accurate assessment and evaluation of the cognitive function among breast cancer patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1999

국내 식육중 Y. enterocolitica의 분포 조사 및 분리균의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 4월부터 11월사이에 상, 하반기로 나누어 소고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기 463건을 서울, 대전, 광주, 부산에서 구입하여 실험하였다. 전체 식육중 17.5% (81건)에서 Y. enterocolitica가 분리되었으며 닭고기(26.0%)가 가장 많이 오염되어 있었다. 분리율은 계절에 따라 차이를 보였는데 하반기에 수거한 돼지고기와 닭고기에서 상반기보다 2배이상 높은 균 분리율을 보였다. 항생제 감수성 실험결과 대부분의 분리균은 carbenicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin, bacitracin에 대해 내성을 나타내는 반면 polymyxin B, kanamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, gentamicin등에 감수성을 나타내었다. 분리된 Y. enterocolitica의 혈청형은 serotype O:5가 주종이었고 일본 및 유럽 등지에서 많이 분리되어지는 O:9는 분리되지 않았다. PCR 실험결과 81개의 분리균주중 8균주(10%)가 병원성을 갖고있는 것으로 밝혀졌는데 그 중 6균주가 돼지고기에서 발견되었다. 그리고 돼지고기 분리균주중 병원성이 없는 것으로 널리 알려져 있는 serotype O:5가 PCR 양성반응으로 병원성을 보여 이전 연구들과 상반된 결과를 나타낸 것에 대해서는 더 연구해야할 과제로 남아 있다.