• 경영과학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2011

This paper has aimed to identify marketing variables which affect physicians' prescription of drug. Based on a literature review this paper derives the three factors (indirect commercial source, direct commercial source, academic information source) of information sources that physicians rely on for medicines, the three factors (research supporting activity, marketing supporting activity, medicine information supporting activity) of promotion activities physicians prefer, and the four factors (indirect quality of medicine, direct quality of medicine, experience of using medicine, price and design of medicine) of prescription criteria physicians use. Then it investigates using canonical correlation analysis whether or not physicians' prescriptions are affected by the information sources, the promotion activities, and the type of physicians. From the canonical correlation analysis this paper derives the meaningful three canonical functions of prescription for drugs. The first function explains the prescription which is insensitive to marketing activities, the second function does the prescription which is sensitive to them, and the final function does the prescription which is not affected by them.

• 생약학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.112-115
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• 1982

Alisol A monoacetate, alisol B monoacetate, alisol C monoacetate and alisol B were isolated from Alismatis Rhizoma, which is a herbal drug used frequently in the oriental prescriptions. Potential liver-protective activities of the isolated alisol compounds were evaluated against $CCl_4-induced$ liver damage. The results obtained from liver microsomal enzyme assay, measurement of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) and serum triglyceride content indicated that alisol A,B and C monoacetates showed significant liver-protective activities against $CCl_4$ poisoning. Alisol B monoacetate exhibited slightly higher activity than that of alisol B.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.383-398
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• 2024

The identification of antimicrobial use patterns is essential for determining key targets for antimicrobial stewardship interventions and evaluating the effectiveness thereof. Accurately identifying antimicrobial use patterns requires quantitative evaluation, which focuses on measuring the quantity and frequency of antimicrobial use, and qualitative evaluation, which assesses the appropriateness, effectiveness, and potential side effects of antimicrobial prescriptions. This paper summarizes the quantitative and qualitative methods used to evaluate antimicrobials, drawing insights from overseas and domestic cases.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.291-303
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• 2012

As respiratory tract infections (RTI) account for about 60% of all antibiotic prescriptions in outpatient care setting, there are significant concerns about emerging resistance that are largely due to the excessive or inappropriate use of antibacterial agents for viral respiratory infections. This study was aimed to develop retrospective drug utilization review (DUR) program of antibiotics for RTIs using Delphi methods. Retrospective DUR criteria of antibiotics for RTIs were identified based on clinical practice guidelines and opinion of experts. Expert panel members were clinical doctors and pharmacists and Delphi method was applied by survey on 16 members of panels. The claim data from Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment (HIRA) were used to examine trends in outpatient antibiotic prescription between Janunary to December of 2008. As results, Quality index for RTI was assessed for the claim type, antibiotics use of quantity, duration, number and cost. Antibiotic prescription rate for RTIs, Defined Daily Dose (DDD), and duration of antibiotics use were more recognized as significant quality index by experts' opinion. Use of first line agents suggested by guidelines was low and duration of antibiotics use was shorter compared to the recommendations. Antibiotics were over prescribed for RITs. However, dose and duration of antibiotics were under-used.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.8-21
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• 2023

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) drugs are often co-prescribed with other medications to prevent GI complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of potentially unnecessary GI drugs in patients with acute cystitis who were prescribed oral antibiotics and investigate the influencing factors affecting this. Methods: We identified female patients ≥20 years with acute cystitis who visited the outpatient clinic and were prescribed oral antibiotics between July and December by analyzing Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA)-National Patients Sample (NPS)-2019 data. Patients with no prior history of GI disorders within 180 days prior to acute cystitis, excluding or including the date of diagnosis of acute cystitis, were selected (Group A and B). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the factors affecting the prescription of potentially unnecessary GI drugs. Results: A total of 1,544 in Group A and 552 patients in Group B were included for the final analysis. Potentially unnecessary GI drugs were prescribed in 1,176 patients in Group A (76.2%) and 231 patients in Group B (41.8%). Third generation cephalosporines and sulfonamides showed the lower odds ratio for prescribing GI drugs than penicillins. Prescribers from Urology clinics showed more than twice odds ratio for the prescription of GI drugs compared to prescribers from internal medicine clinics. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that potentially unnecessary GI drug prescriptions for patients with acute cystitis were high in South Korea. The positive risk factors affecting the prescription of unnecessary GIs were not patient-related factor but healthcare facility and prescriber-related factors.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to explore the current activities of pharmacists in local pharmacies for preventing narcotics addiction, identify areas for improvement, and support initiatives to enhance and expand the activities of "narcotics addiction prevention counseling pharmacies" (hereinafter referred to as "Majung Pharmacies"). Methods: Surveys were conducted targeting local community pharmacists participating in the Majung Pharmacy activities in Daegu. Results: Out of 42 pharmacists who registered in the Majung Pharmacy movement in 2021, 41 responded (response rate of 98%). After excluding three participants who met the exclusion criteria, data from 38 participants were analyzed. The participating pharmacists were generally well aware of the conditions for pharmacists to serve as "accessible experts" in the forefront of drug addiction prevention. It was observed that the activities of Majung Pharmacies, particularly among highly engaged pharmacists, led to positive effects such as an increased focus on medication counseling for psychotropic drugs, thereby enhancing their professionalism. However, a significant number of participants also expressed negative opinions. Factors such as enthusiasm for professional activities and perceptions of the pharmacist's social role were important in shaping perceptions of Majung Pharmacy activities, whether positively or negatively. Additionally, this study underlined that pharmacists in practice are highly aware of the seriousness of issues arising from the use of narcotics by prescriptions. Conclusion: Suggestions were outlined for both short-term and long-term strategies aimed at ensuring the stable growth and expansion of Majung Pharmacy initiatives.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

This study was aimed to examine the prescribing patterns of antivirals in outpatients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), using National Health Insurance adjudicated claims data (total 1,426,065 claims) dated March 19, 2008 submitted from nationwide healthcare providers to Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. From the data, there were 2,965 claims with CHB diagnosis (ICD-10 code B18.0 and B18.1), and 44.2% (1,311 claims) of the CHB related claims included antivirals such as lamivudine, clevudine, adefovir and entecavir. Lamivudine, adefovir, clevudine and entecavir shared 54.9%, 19.9%, 13.2% and 11.9%, respectively, among antiviral prescriptions. Adefovir and entecavir 1mg presumed as the 2nd line therapy for HBV resistant cases were shared 23.3% of overall antiviral prescriptions. There were statistically significant difference in prescription patterns according to age and institution type: Lamivudine usage was higher in younger (< 20 years old) and older age group (> 70 years old) than the others (p = 0.016), and adefovir and entecavir, which were relatively newer antivirals, had higher prescription rates in higher level of institutions such as tertiary hospitals than the others (p < 0.001). This study would be of help to make an appropriate drug therapy plan for patients with CHB.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.109-135
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• 2006

Objective : In the present study, the author tried to investigate whether six oriental medical prescriptions named gamisingitang (SGT), gamijungtang (IJT), gamicheongpyetang (CPT), galhwengchihyosan (CHS), chwiyeontong (CYT), sigyoungcheongpyetang (SCPT) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Methode : Confluent HTSE cells were inetabolically radiolabeled with $^{3}H-glucosamine$ for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of drugs aforementioned, respectively, to assess the effect of each drug on $^{3}H-mucin$ release. Possible cytotoxicities of effective drugs were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample (CPT, CHS, SCPT and CYT) through Sepharose CL-4B column were analysed and effect of CPT, CHS and CYT on MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured HTSE cells were invsetigated. Results : (1) SGT and IJT did not affect mucin release without cytotoxicity; (2) CPT, SCPT and CHS significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity; (4) CPT, CHS, SCPT and CYT chiefly affected the 'mucin' release and did not affect significantly the release of the releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin. This result suggests that the four herbal prescriptions specifically affect the release of mucin ; (5) CTP and CHS did not significantly affect the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA, however, CYT significantly inhibit the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA. Conclusion : CYT can decrease the synthesis of mucin at gene level in cultured HTSE cells.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

Objective : This study reviews the articles about 'Side effect' published in the Japanese Journal of Oriental Medicine to better understand about side effects of herbal medication and to encourage clinicians, the authorities and the public to establish side effects reporting system. Method : We searched articles published in the Japanese Journal of Oriental Medicine by using keyword '副作用(Side effect)' in the CiNii. Results : Among the 118 articles collected, 14 are clinical articles about side effect of prescriptions, 13 are reports about side effect of prescriptions presented from Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 36 are clinical articles about relief of side effects derived from taking western medicine by taking a herbal prescription, 8 are studies about the effect of a herbal prescription combined with western medicine or comparative studies between a herbal prescription and western medicine, and so on. Conclusions : Lots of articles deal with side effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Bupleuri Radix and so on. When side effects occurred, removing a certain herbal drug or quitting a herbal prescription is helpful to relieve or disappear the side effects. And Side effects reporting system should be established to guide safe medication use and treatment for patients. In order to establish side effects reporting system, the standardization of herbal drugs is needed.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

본 연구를 통해서, 한(寒) 처방의 대표 처방인 황련해독탕(黃連解毒湯)과 열(熱) 처방의 대표 처방인 건강부자탕(乾薑附子湯) 모두 항염 효능을 확인할 수 있었으나, 그 작용 기전에 있어 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었다. 이러한 차이는 한의학의 기본 이론인 한열에 대한 개념에 대한 연구의 초석이 될 수 있기를 바라며, 각 개별 약물의 효능 및 다른 처방들과 다른 기전적 실험이 추가적으로 필요할 것을 보인다.