• 센서학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1996

수액을 장시간 환자에게 주입할 때 적절한 주입량, 주입률을 조절하는 것이 중요하다. 부적절한 주입량은 환자의 회복에 좋지 않은 영향을 끼칠 수 있으므로 주입량을 감지하는 센서의 신뢰도는 인퓨전 펌프 시스템에 많은 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 인퓨전 펌프 시스템에 사용될 3가지 센서의 성능을 검토하였다. 피에조 필름, 광트렌지스터 및 광 다이오드 어레이의 3가지 센서가 비교되었으며 제안하는 신호 처리 기법과 광 다이오드 어레이를 사용한 기법을 이용하여 간섭과 진동 조도변화 센서의 위치에 따른 감도 변화등의 영향을 줄일 수 있었다. 실험 결과 광 다이오드 어레이가 다른 센서들에 비하여 높은 신지도를 보여 주었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.635-643
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• 2017

The rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete structures using Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials have been widely investigated. As a priority issue, however, the effect of curing conditions on the bonding behavior between FRP and concrete structures is still elusive. This study aims at developing a prediction model to accurately capture the mode-II interfacial debonding between FRP strips and concrete under different curing conditions. Single shear debonding experiments were conducted on FRP-concrete samples with respect to different curing time t and temperatures T. The J-integral formulation and constrained least square minimization are carried out to calibrate the parameters, i.e., the maximum slip $\bar{s}$ and stretch factor n. The prediction model is developed based on the cohesive model and Arrhenius relationship. The experimental data are then analyzed using the proposed model to predict the debonding between FRP and concrete, i.e., the interfacial shear stress-slip relationship. A Finite Element (FE) model is developed to validate the theoretical predictions. Satisfactory agreements are obtained. The prediction model can be used to accurately capture the bonding performance of FRP-concrete structures.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.302-310
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• 2019

Melanoma cells have been shown to respond to BRAF inhibitors; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their clinical application. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis with BRAF inhibitor-sensitive (A375P) and -resistant (A375P/Mdr with acquired resistance and SK-MEL-2 with intrinsic resistance) melanoma cell lines, to reveal the genes and pathways potentially involved in intrinsic and acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. A total of 546 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 239 up-regulated and 307 down-regulated genes, were identified in both intrinsic and acquired resistant cells. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the top 10 biological processes associated with these genes included angiogenesis, immune response, cell adhesion, antigen processing and presentation, extracellular matrix organization, osteoblast differentiation, collagen catabolic process, viral entry into host cell, cell migration, and positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling. In addition, using the PAN-THER GO classification system, we showed that the highest enriched GOs targeted by the 546 DEGs were responses to cellular processes (ontology: biological process), binding (ontology: molecular function), and cell subcellular localization (ontology: cellular component). Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) network analysis showed a network that was common to two BRAF inhibitorresistant cells. Taken together, the present study may provide a useful platform to further reveal biological processes associated with BRAF inhibitor resistance, and present areas for therapeutic tool development to overcome BRAF inhibitor resistance.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.791-801
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• 2022

Boil-dried concentrates (BDC) and steam-dried concentrates (SDC) were prepared from highly nutritious olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus roes (OFR) as seafood processing by-products and their nutritional characteristics were investigated. Although SDS-PAGE profiles of the BDC and SDC proteins were similar to each other, it was observed that three of the five OFR protein bands in the 50-100 kDa range had disappeared. We also detected significant differences in the Hunter's color of the two concentrates in terms of color difference (𝚫E) and whiteness. The recovery amounts of BDC and SDC prepared from 100 g of OFR were 18.6 and 21.4 g, respectively, with respective protein contents of 67.7% and 68.9%. The main amino acids of OFR and concentrate proteins were valine, leucine, lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine, whereas major minerals were sulfur, potassium, sodium and phosphorus, the amounts of which in concentrates had been significantly reduced. We established that by sterilizing, inactivating endogenous enzymes, and inhibiting microbial growth, the cook-dried process contributes to enhancing the concentration and storage stability of nutrients by reducing water activity, volume, and weight. Accordingly, we suggest that concentrates (BDC and SDC) prepared from OFR have considerable potential as nutritionally fortified materials.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2021

암을 유발하는 유전자는 모든 암 환자에게 공통적인 것은 아니며, 이러한 환자 특이적 암 유발 유전자의 탐색은 개인 맟춤형 암 치료 및 항암제 개발에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 환자 특이적 암 유발 유전자를 찾기 위한 생물 정보학 연구들이 있어왔지만, 아직 정확도 면에서는 발전의 여지가 있다. 본 논문에서는 환자 특이적 암 유발 유전자를 탐색하기 위하여 NPD (Network based Patient-specific Driver gene identification)라는 방법을 제안한다. NPD는 환자 특이적 유전자 네트워크를 구축하고, 여기에 수정된 PageRank 알고리즘을 적용하여 유전자에 점수를 부여한 후, 유전적 변이 데이터를 사용한 승률 계산 방법을 통하여 암 유발 유전자를 찾는 세 단계로 이루어진다. TCGA 데이터 베이스의 여섯 개의 암 데이터에 NPD를 적용한 결과, NPD가 기존의 환자 특이적 암 유발 유전자 탐색 방법들보다 전체적으로 높은 F1 점수를 보여줌을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2023

Background: This study investigated the effect of an excess and a deficit of spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the mechanical allodynia and neuroglia activation in a rodent pain model of carrageenan inflammation. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an intrathecal (i.t.) catheter to administer the drug. To induce an excess or deficit of 5-HT in the spinal cord, animals were given either three i.t. 5-HT injections at 24-hour intervals or a single i.t. injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) before carrageenan inflammation. Mechanical allodynia was measured using the von Frey test for 0-4 hours (early phase) and 24-28 hours (late phase) after carrageenan injection. The changes in the activation of microglia and astrocyte were examined using immunofluorescence of the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord. Results: Both an excess and a deficit of spinal 5-HT had no or a minimal effect on the intensity of mechanical allodynia during the early phase but prevented the attenuation of mechanical allodynia during the late phase, which was observed in animals not treated with i.t. 5-HT or 5,7-DHT. Animals with an excess or deficit of 5-HT showed stronger activation of microglia, but not astrocyte, during the early and late phases, than did normal animals. Conclusions: Imbalance in the descending 5-HT pathway in the spinal cord could aggravate the mechanical allodynia and enhance the activation of microglia, suggesting that the spinal 5-HT pathway plays an essential role in maintaining the nociceptive processing in balance between facilitation and inhibition in inflammatory pain caused by carrageenan inflammation.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.323-323
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• 2022

Jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)], belonging to the Leguminosae family has been frequently used in edible and medicinal plants in Asian countries. Jack beans are high in protein which is approximately 30%. Concanavalin A (Con A) is a major protein of Jack bean and belongs to the family of legume lectins. It has inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing autophagy. However, Con A negatively affects nutrient utilization by other mechanisms. It binds to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of the digestive tract mucosa, inhibits the activity of the enzymes of the brush border of the enterocytes. In order to use Jack bean young seedpods, they are restricted to 'young pods (soft, pre-swelling)' according to the 'Food Code' (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the quantitative change of Con A across developmental stages of Jack bean pods. Biological samples consisted of Jack bean pods and seeds in 7 stages of development. The expression pattern of Con A mRNA was monitored by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Expression of Con A proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The expression of Con A mRNA and protein in the seeds tended to increase gradually as the seeds expanded. However, in pods, they were much less than in seeds. As the expression of Con A mRNA and protein increases as the pods thicken, it is predicted that Con A synthesis increases when the thickness growth of the pod begins after the length growth of the pod is completed. Since the expression of Con A in the pods and seeds in very low when the pods are about 2 cm, therefore 2 cm pods seem appropriate when using 'young pods'. It is also necessary to study other proteins in Jack bean, such as Urease and Canavalin. These studies will serve as the basis for processing Jack bean.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.147-147
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• 2022

Various types of cropping systems have been developed, such as a highly profitable cropping system, and there is a need to develop for each region. Jack bean [Canavalia ensiformis (L.)] is widely consumed for tea in which young seedpods are dried, roasted, and boiled in water. Jack bean is rich in histidine and urease that improve allergic rhinitis and they are effective in alleviating inflammation. Thus, young dried and roasted seedpods are very profitable. However, only 'young pods (soft, pre-swelling)' should be used for tea processing according to the 'Food Code' (Ministry of Food and Drug Safety). Therefore, the pods to be harvested were set based on a length of more than 20 cm and a thickness of less than 2 cm. In the southern region of Korea, onion and garlic are grown as primary crops in winter. Therefore, the possibility of a cropping system linked with Jack bean in summer was studied. Onion and garlic were sown and transplanted on October 25, 2021. Garlic was harvested on May 23,2022, followed by onion on May 31,2022. After that, the jack bean was transplanted on May 31, June 7, June 17, and June 27 to determine the appropriate period for the transplanting. The young seedpods were harvested 100-110 days after the transplant. Compared to the yield of young seedpods, there was no significant difference according to the transplantation period. Given that young seedpods are harvested before planting onion and garlic, 'Onion - Jack bean' and 'Garlic - Jack bean' cropping systems will be advantageous for income improvement.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2023

Bacterial contamination negatively affects the quality, functionality, and safety of dairy products. Adherent populations of bacteria, referred to as biofilms, grow on the surfaces of dairy processing equipment and are the primary cause of dairy contamination. In addition, microorganisms present in the farm environment and dairy factory can contaminate the Clear-In-Place (CIP) line through raw milk transport pipes; therefore, exhaustive management is required. In dairy manufacturing facilities, biofilm formation is controlled using CIP systems that primarily require sodium hydroxide and nitric acid. However, the leakage or incomplete removal of these potently active compounds can be harmful to humans. In the present study, we compared the eradication of Escherichia coli and other bacteria using commercially available combinations of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and citric acid, which are recognized by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) as food disinfectants. When considered in the CIP system of the field manufacturing process, E. coli was not detected (compared to detection before treatment), and other bacteria were detected at 0-32 culture-forming units (CFU)/cm². The residual amount of chlorine ions after CIP treatment was similar to that in tap water, and there was no significant difference in the overall components of the fermented dairy products. Therefore, the NaClO/citric acid CIP system can be safely applied in dairy manufacturing processes.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Background/Aims: Multiple outbreaks of multidrug-resistant organisms have been reported worldwide due to contaminated duodenoscopes. In 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration recommended the following supplemental enhanced surveillance and reprocessing techniques (ESRT) to improve duodenoscope disinfection: (1) microbiological culture, (2) ethylene oxide sterilization, (3) liquid chemical sterilant processing system, and (4) double high-level disinfection. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the impact of ESRT on the contamination rates. Methods: A thorough and systematic search was performed across several databases and conference proceedings from inception until January 2021, and all studies reporting the effectiveness of various ESRTs were identified. The pooled contamination rates of post-ESRT duodenoscopes were estimated using the random effects model. Results: A total of seven studies using various ESRTs were incorporated in the analysis, which included a total of 9,084 post-ESRT duodenoscope cultures. The pooled contamination rate of the post-ESRT duodenoscope was 5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3%-10.8%, inconsistency index [I²]=97.97%). Pooled contamination rates for high-risk organisms were 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.7%, I²=94.96). Conclusions: While ESRT may improve the disinfection process, a post-ESRT contamination rate of 5% is not negligible. Ongoing efforts to mitigate the rate of contamination by improving disinfection techniques and innovations in duodenoscope design to improve safety are warranted.