• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

In order to investigate the droplet size distribution and Sauter Mean Diameter in a ultra high pressure diesel spray, fuel was injected with ultra high pressure into the environments of high pressure and room temperature by an Electronic Hydraulic Fuel Injection System. Droplet size was measured with the immersion liquid sampling technique. The immersion liquid was used a mixture of water-methycellulose solution and ethanol. The Sauter Mean Diameter decreased with increasing injection pressure, with a decrease environmental pressure (back pressure) and nozzle diameter. Increasing the injection pressure makes the fuel density distribution of the spray more homogeneous. An empirical correlation was developed among injection pressure, air density, nozzle diameter and the Sauter Mean Diameter of spray droplets.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.1261-1271
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• 2019

Droplet size and distribution are important parameters determining venturi scrubber performance. In this paper, we proposed physical models for a maximum stable droplet size prediction and upper limit log-normal (ULLN) distribution parameters. For the proposed maximum stable droplet size prediction model, a Eulerian-Lagrangian framework and a Reitz-Diwakar breakup model are solved simultaneously using CFD calculations to reflect the effect of multistage breakup and droplet acceleration. Then, two ULLN distribution parameters are suggested through best fitting the previously published experimental data. Results show that the proposed approach provides better predictions of maximum stable droplet diameter and Sauter mean diameter compared to existing simple empirical correlations including Boll, Nukiyama and Tanasawa. For more practical purpose, we developed the simple, one dimensional (1-D) calculation of Sauter mean diameter.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2004

Study on the analysis of sodium spray fire using Gaussian drop size distribution, which redistributes a droplet spectrum with given mean diameter if its size classes with critical diameter(D>8mm) occur, was carried out. In this case, the oversized droplets were reduced to a stable diameter. Results calculated by the code using Gaussian drop size distribution were in better agreement with AI experimental results than those of NACOM and SPRAY code. The effect of variance on pressure in the test cell appeared greatly by introducing Gaussian function, which could represent various sodium droplet size distribution. The increase of the variance with mean droplet size resulted had an important effect upon the pressure in the test cell.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2001

This paper describes the macroscopic behavior and atomization characteristics of the high-pressure gasoline swirl injector in direct-injection gasoline engine. The global spray behavior of fuel injector was visualized by shadowgraph technique. The atomization characteristics of gasoline spray such as mean diameter and mean velocity of droplets were measured by the phase Doppler particle analyzer system. The macroscopic visualization and experiment of particle measurement on the fuel spray were investigated at 7 and 10 MPa of injection pressure under different spray cone angle. The results of this work show that the geometry of injector was more dominant over the macroscopic characteristics of spray than the fuel injection pressure and injection duration. As for the atomization characteristics, the increase of injection pressure resulted in the decrease of fuel droplet diameter and the atomization characteristics differed as to the spray cone angle. The most droplets had under $25{\mu}m$ diameter and for the large droplets(upper $40{\mu}m$) as the spray grew the atomization presses were very slow. Comparison results between the measured droplet distribution and the droplet distribution functions revealed that the measured droplet distribution is very closed to the Normal distribution function and Nukiyama-Tanasawa's function.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.236-244
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• 1995

Droplet size is one of the important factors in the deposition and drift of agrichemical application. In this study, droplet size and its distribution of the three different sizes of ceramic hollow cone nozzles being used in the air carrier sprayer for apple production were investigated at the various nozzle pressures and the three air velocities. The Malvern particle size analyzer were used for the measurement of droplet size and its distribution. The important results emerged from th is study can be summarized as follows. 1. Discharged rate was increase with the increase of the nozzle diameter and pressure, amount of the difference was remarkable between the nozzle diameter of 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 mm, but no difference were found between the diameter of 1.0 and 1.2 mm in the same nozzle pressure. 2. Mass median diameter were varied as 40~160 ${mu}m$ at the air velocity of 0 m/s, 70~140 ${mu}m$ of 15 m/s and 100~160 ${mu}m$ of 20 m/s 3. It appeared that the air velocity range of 15~20 m/s was desirable for both drift and deposition control in the given experimental conditions.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2013

This paper describes the atomization characteristics, as well as the velocity and size distribution, of DME spray based on common-rail injection system. To analyze the possibility of using DME fuel as an alternative fuel of diesel, spray atomization characteristics were investigated. For this investigation, two-dimensional phase Doppler analyzer system was used to obtain droplet size and velocity distribution simultaneously. Velocity and droplet size measurements were performed at various injection pressures. Results showed that increasing pressure from 25MPa to 50MPa leads to higher spray droplet velocities and smaller droplet diameter but injection pressure above 40MPa, no signifiant reduction was observed. With the droplet velocity and SMD comparison between diesel and DME fuel, it can be observed that DME has smaller SMD and droplet velocity due to its low surface tension.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.5-10
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure the droplet distribution and Sauter mean diameter(SMD) of biodiesel fuel, using the immersion sampling method. This method involves using an optical microscope and a CCD camera, to take an image of the droplets. These images are then measured by using a 'Sigma Scan' processing program. The results of the above experiment are summarized as followed ; (1) There can be as much as a 10% error rate when measuring the diameter of these droplets, using the image processing method and the naked eye. (2) The result of droplet size distribution test, TVO(transesterified vegetable oil) big size droplet distribution were increased at ambient pressure $6kg/cm^2$. (3) When ambient pressure increased $6kg/cm^2$ above, SMD variation of TVO and UVO(used vegetable oil) 30 are small. (4) On Rosin-Rammler analysis, droplets size distribution of UVO(used vegetable oil) 30 uniform more than TVO 20 on ambient pressure $1kg/cm^2$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 1994

The pupose of this study is to measure droplet size and velocity simultaneously for a transient diesel fuel spray in a quiescent chamber at atmospheric temperature and pressure. Generally, diesel combustion phenomena is mainly governed by characteristics of injection system and fuel spray. Therefore we need to clarify these characteristics for developing more economical diesel systems. In this study, correlation between droplet size and velocity was measured at downstream distance from nozzle. Governing parameters are pump speed and fuel quantity for the detailed nature in this transient diesel fuel spray. It is observed effect to the droplet size and velocity distribution. Velocity(peak, mean, rms), number density and droplet size were investigated simulaneously using PDA in the spray. Various results are presented to illustrate the effects of operation factors and correlation between the droplet diameter and velocity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1595-1603
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• 2003

Droplet combustion at high ambient pressures is studied numerically by formulating one dimensional combustion model in the mixture of n-heptane fuel and air. The ambient pressure is supercritical conditions. The modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong state equation is used in the evaluation of thermophysical properties to account for the real gas effect on fluid p-v-T properties in high pressure conditions. Non-ideal thermodynamic and transport property at near critical and supercritical conditions are also considered. Several parametric studies are performed by changing ambient pressure and initial droplet diameter. Droplet lifetime decreased with increasing pressure. Surface temperature increased with increasing pressure. Ignition time increased with increasing initial droplet diameter. Temporal or spatial distribution of mass fraction, mass diffusivity, Lewis number, thermal conductivity, and specific heat were presented.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 1994

An experimental investigation was undertaken in a diesel spray to evaluate wall impingement behavior and droplet size distribution. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of the application for new combustion type which is based on OSKA-D type. Visualization were employed using optical scheme which was a spark shadowgraphy to observe the behavior of wall impingement caused by diesel spray vertically injected at the center of the combustion chamber. Droplet size measurements using Malvern system were made to quantify the visual observations with surface diameter of impingement. The effects of the surface dia. variation on the droplet size during injection with the wall impingement spray are discussed. It was found that for the wall impingement spray the droplet size becomes greatly small rather than the spray without the wall impingement and the droplet deposition rate of the injection fuel is decreased as the surface area of impingement becomes small.