• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2004

Nanoparticles of iron oxides have been prepared by the levitational gas condensation (LGC) method, and their structural and magnetic properties were studied by XRD, TEM and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Fe clusters were evaporated from a surface of the levitated liquid Fe droplet and then condensed into nanoparticles of iron oxide with particle size of 14 to 30 nm in a chamber filled with mixtures of Ar and $O_2$ gases. It was found that the phase transition from both $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ and $\alpha$-Fe to $Fe_3O_4$, which was evaluated from the results of Mossbauer spectra, strongly depended on the $O_2$ flow rate. As a result, $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ was synthesized under the $O_2$ flow rate of 0.1$\leq$$Vo_2$(Vmin)$\leq$0.15, whereas $Fe_3O_4$ was synthesized under the $O_2$, flow rate of 0.15$\leq$$Vo_2$(Vmin)$\leq$0.2.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.280-287
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• 2008

In case of low pressure steam turbine used in power plant, it was operated in wet steam and high stress condition. Therefore, it is possible that the corrosion damage of low pressure was induced by this condition. According to previous study, about 30% of total blade failure correspond to corrosion fatigue or SCC(stress corrosion cracking) in low pressure turbine. Especially, LSB(last stage bucket) of low pressure turbine has a higher hardness to prevent erosion damage due to water droplet however, generally this is more dangerous for SCC damage. Therefore, to improve reliability of turbine blade. various methods for SCC evaluation has been developed. In this study, the crack found in LSB during in-service inspection was evaluated using microstructure analysis and stress analysis. From the stress analysis, the optimum size of fillet to remove the crack was proposed. And also, the reliability was evaluated for modified LSB using GOODMAN diagram.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.146-149
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• 2006

Spray characteristics of an injector employed in mono-propellant hydrazine thrusters were investigated by PIV(particle image velocimetry) and LDA/PDA(laser/phase Doppler anemometry) techniques. The instanteneous plane image data captured by PIV measurement were examined in order to judge a pass-fail criteria of spray injection performance according to the specific pressure supplied. LDA/PDA technique were also applied to measure the velocity and droplet size of spray were not obtained from PIV measurement. The objective of this experimental study was the clear understanding of spray characteristics as well as the derivation of injector performance to understand clearly the spray characteristics by comparing the both results.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.3805-3810
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• 2013

The surface modification of silica particles (SPs) was systemically conducted by the treatment of 0.1-10 wt % phenylsilanetriol (PST) on the basis of SPs used through two step processes: 1) the PST coating of SPs via evaporation under reduced pressure and 2) their thermal condensation leading to Si-O-Si bond formation via heating at $130^{\circ}C$. The evaluation of the modified SPs was conducted by the simple floating test on water and the measurement of the contact angle (CA) of water droplet on the 2-dimensional layer of modified SPs on slide glass. When PST was used about 2 wt % or above on the basis of SPs (about average size: 50 nm) used, the modified SPs were fully floated on the water and all dispersed into upper organic solvent layer after a shaking with the mixture of the water and benzene, indicating that the modified SPs have hydrophobic properties. The modified SPs were characterized by $^{29}Si$ MAS NMR and physicochemical properties including SEM, TEM, BET, adsorption/desorption isotherms, etc. were measured and compared each other in details. This research demonstrates that the organosilanetriol is a good modifier applicable for the surface modification of inorganic oxide particles using a low amount of modifier on the basis of oxide particles used.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 2020

This study is aimed at determining an algorithm capable of estimating the erosion index of rainfall for the region of Maceió-Alagoas in the northeast of Brazil. The sample of the truncated data from 2003 to 2006 counts 26,889 droplet size distributions integrated per minute, with 680 rain events with duration longer than 10 minutes. The equation proposed to estimate erosion index used as a dependent variable and independent variable, presenting a coefficient of determination of 99%. The statistical significance validated the relation between minimum rainfall intensity and erosion.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1394-1397
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• 2006

Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) films, of which the liquid crystal has negative dielectric anisotropy, were prepared from the phase separation between MJ001317 and a variety of compositions of resins by common polymerization induced phase separation method. In this work, the effects of resin compositions have been systematically investigated and it was found that the morphology and size of droplet, which is closely related to electro-optic properties, mainly depend on the rate of polymerization and cross-linking density for each resin composition. The reverse mode PDLC films from this newly developed formulation containing TPGDA/EHA/HMPPO showed the good off-state transmittance, contrast ratio (19/1), and relatively low driving voltage(10V).

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

Biological and chemical assays(e.g., clinical tests for medical diagnosis) are needed to handle small liquid volume with high accuracy and high reliability. Many micro-dispensing systems using various actuation methods have been developed and applied. In this research, we confirm repeatability of the cartridge-type dispensing system with various measuring methods for guarantee of an acceptable reliability. We systematically examine the dispensed volume variation and dispense rate during 500,000 shots of sequential actuation. Using the same method, we confirm the repeatability of dispensed volume while varying operating conditions and design parameter(i.e., outlet size) of the dispensing system. Also, we examine the consistency of the dispensed volume of droplet while varying the operating pressures. Furthermore, we repeatedly measure differences between an actual dispensed volume and a target volume. According to our results, it is expected that the stable and reliable performance of our dispensing system can effectively be used in various applications containing bio-solutions.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2010

Y123 films have been deposited on $LaAlO_3$ (100) single-crystal and IBAD substrates by spray pyrolysis method using nitrate precursors. Ultrasonic atomization was adopted to decrease the droplet size, spraying angle and its moving velocity toward substrate for introducing the preheating tube furnace in appropriate location. A small preheating tube furnace was installed between spraying nozzle and substrate for fast drying and enhanced decomposition of precursors. C-axis oriented films were obtained on both LAO and IBAD substrates at deposition temperature of around $710{\sim}750^{\circ}C$ and working pressures of 10~15 torr. Thick c-axis epitaxial film with the thickness of $0.3{\sim}0.6\;{\mu}m$ was obtained on LAO single-crystal by 10 min deposition. But the XRD results of the film deposited on IBAD template at same deposition condition showed that the buffer layers of the IBAD metal substrate was affected by long residence of metal substrate at high temperature for YBCO deposition.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2001

This paper presents turbulent characteristics of an impinging F-O-O-F type injector in which fuel ad oxidizer impinge on each other to atomize under the different momentum ratio. Water was used as an inert simulant liquid instead of fuel and oxidizer. The droplet size and velocity in the impinging spray flow field were measured using a PDPA. The gradient of the spray half-width(b$_2$) along the long-axis direction declined throughout the entire spray flow field with increasing the momentum ratio from 1.19 to 6.48. However, the gradient of the half-width(b$_1$) along the short-axis direction decreased with increasing the momentum ratio. The turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy were converged into the center of the center of the initial region with increasing the momentum ratio. As the momentum ratio increased from MR=1.19 to MR=6.48, the turbulent shear stress decreased. The results of this study can be used for the design of an impinging type injector for liquid rackets.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.688-696
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• 2001

Vaporizing characteristics of two GDI injectors with different spray angles were investigated using exciplex fluorescence method. Injector I has narrower spray angle, while injector II has wider one. The exciplex system of fluorobenzene and DEMA in a non-fluorescing base fuel of hexane was employed. In quantifying concentration of fuel vapor, quenching of concentration and temperature was corrected. Droplet size and velocity were also measured by PDPA under non-vaporizing condition. From obtaining the images of liquid and vapor phases, vaporizing GDI sprays could be divided as two regions: cone and mixing regions. For injector I, vortex region was not developed. High concentration of fuel vapor due to vaporization of many fine droplets was distributed near the spray axis. For injector II, droplets with the diameter of about 10 $\mu$m were distributed in the vortex region. The vortex region had high concentration of fuel vapor due to vaporization of these droplets. Particularly, higher and lower concentrations of fuel vapor were balanced at 2ms after the start of injection for injector II.