• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2013

내비게이션은 차량 운전자에게 경로탐색과 길안내 서비스의 제공을 기본으로 한다. 그러나 현재의 경로탐색에서는 운전자의 안전을 지키기 위해 다양한 도로 상황을 고려하지 않고, 안전운전 DB만을 이용하여 최단경로를 찾는 서비스만을 제공하고 있다. 따라서 안전운전을 위해서는 단순한 최단경로 검색 서비스를 벗어나, 위험지역이나 위험시간대를 고려한 경로탐색이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 A* 알고리즘을 이용하여 안전운전을 위해 위험지역을 회피할 수 있는 경로탐색 방법을 제안한다. 이 경로탐색에서 탐색노드의 경로 적합 도를 측정할 때 위험지역 종류별로 서로 다른 휴리스틱 가중치를 적용하였다. 특히 경로 탐색에서 회피할 위험지역으로는 사고가 자주 발생하는 사고 다발구간, 어린이 보호구역, 교차로지역, 그리고 위험시간대를 고려하여 동적으로 위험지역별 가중치를 부여하였다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과, 안전운전을 위해 위험지역을 회피할 수 있는 경로탐색 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to compare NOx emissions from light duty diesel vehicles measured from on-road tests that conducted under various driving routes and seasonal conditions. We measured real-driving NOx emissions using PEMS, portable emissions measurement system, under the urban, rural and motorway road traffic conditions. On-road tests were repeated at summer, fall and winter season. The accumulated driving distance is more than 1,200 km per each vehicle. Route average NOx emission factors were compared among nine route-season combinations. The emission characteristics of each combinations were investigated using time series mass emission rates and vehicle operation-based emission rates and activities, which is based on U.S. EPA's MOVES model. Most concerned route-season combination is "urban road condition at summer", which shows two to eleven times higher NOx emissions than other combinations. The emission rates and activities under low speed operating conditions should be managed in order to reduce urban-summer NOx. From a NOx control strategy perspective, the exhaust gas recirculation, EGR, is observed to be properly operated under wide range of vehicle driving conditions in Euro-5 vehicles, even if the air conditioner turns on. In high power demanding conditions, the effect of overspeeding could be more critical than that of air conditioner activation.

• 오토저널
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1986

Driving pattern of gasoline passenger car was measured and analyzed at some areas(6urban area routes, 4 radial routes, 4 circular routes)in Seoul city. Measured items were vehicle speed, engine speed, intake manifold vacuum, and fuel consumption. Driving pattern data were reappearanced with engine dynamometer. Results of this investigation might be summarized as below; 1. When we compared urban area route with radial or circular route in rush hour, it was found that the average vehicle speed was measured to be lower about 25% and fuel consumption to be higher about 12% in urban area route. 2. Average vehicle speed was measured to be higher about 30% and driving resistance output to be higher about 25% in non-rush hour, but average fuel economy was increased a little. 3. On the bases of average fuel economy and characteristics of exhaust emissions, optimum driving vehicle speed was found about 60 km/h in the 4th(top)and about 40km/h in the 3rd in driving of experimental engine. 4. Idling frequency and exhaust emissions of CO,HC were related to idling closely. But exhaust emission of NOx, which had nothing to do with idling frequency, had relation to acceleration time ratio.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2019

It is expected that the introduction of real-driving emission will strengthen the exhaust emission. However, various researches have been reported that real-driving emission has been influenced by factors such as characteristics of the test routes and driving characteristics for drivers. In order to reflect this effect, European Commission applied the concept of driving dynamics to prevent deliberately driving of excessive and acceleration over RDE test. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of exhaust emissions according to real-driving test in three test routes and driving style. As a result of the test, it was confirmed that when the same driver tested real-driving test under three test routes, it depends on the driving characteristics of the route. Also, RDE-NOx for driving style was that severe driving has been about 16 times higher than normal driving in KNUT route.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the driving performance and workload according to changing driving environment and types of steering wheel. Twelve drivers who participated in this study consisted of two groups; six Japanese as the left-lane drivers who was accustomed to driving on left-hand side of the road, and six Europeans, Americans, and Korean as the right-lane drivers who was accustomed to driving on right-hand side of the road. They were asked to operate a driving simulator while using two different types of steering wheel (for the left-hand side driving and the right-hand side driving). During the experiment, a range of data were measured including driving performance, mental workload, and eye movements which were recorded in order to identify the amount of time looking towards the in-vehicle route guidance. Results indicated that the use of the steering wheel by parallel moving led to increase high attentional demand and worse glance behavior to traffic signs for the left-lane drivers. In the case of the right-lane drivers, the effects by changing driving direction were more effective than the types of steering wheel due to their habit or traits.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2024

The EU (European Union) was introduced Euro-6e in 2023. Recently, the EU prepare to introduce Euro-7. One of difference Euro-6e and Euro-7 is test route condition. This study developed 5 test routes that have different characteristics and severity. The severity of test routes was made by traffic and road gradient. And this study was conducted RDE test on 5 test routes for Light-Duty diesel vehicle (Euro-6d). Based on the test results, the emission characteristics of CO₂ and NOx were analyzed according to the severity of the test routes. Especially, 4 test routes were satisfied normal driving condition of Euro-7 and other test route was satisfied extended driving condition of Euro-7.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2014

도형식 가변안내표지판은 운전자들의 경로선택에 대한 의사결정을 지원하는 역할을 하며 운전자의 이해도와 시인성이 높아 도심부 도로 및 고속도로에 설치가 확대되고 있다. 그러나 도형식 가변안내표지판에 대한 운영방안이나 지침 등이 전무한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 도형식 가변안내표지판 표출면 구성에 따른 운전자의 선호도를 평가하는 모형을 개발하기 위하여 차량 시뮬레이터를 활용한 실험 및 설문조사를 수행하였다. 연구 결과 표출면의 구성요소 중 도로선형, 외곽선, 문자체 등의 디자인적인 요소보다는 문자높이, 노드수 등의 정보 제공 량이나 시인성과 관련된 부분이 운전자의 감성요인과 선호도에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 도형식 가변안내표지판의 제공 정보 단위 수는 11단위 또는 12단위가 적절한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 통행시간을 제공할 경우 3개의 노드, 통행시간을 제공하지 않을 경우 5개 노드의 정보를 제공하는 것이 적정한 수준임을 의미한다. 따라서 가변안내표지판을 설치할 때 운전자의 감성요인과 선호도를 높일 수 있는 구성요소를 고려하여 표출면을 설계하여야 한다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권6_2호
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• pp.891-897
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a destination optimal route algorithm for providing route finding service for the transportation handicapped by using the multi-criteria decision-making technique and the modified A-STAR optimal route search algorithm. This is a method to set the route to the destination centering on safety by replacing the distance cost of the existing A-STAR optimal route search algorithm with the safety cost calculated through AHP/TOPSIS analysis. To this end, 10 factors such as road damage, curb, and road hole were first classified as poor road factors that hinder road driving, and then pairwise comparison of AHP was analyzed and then defined as the weight of TOPSIS. Afterwards, the degree of driving safety was quantified for a certain road section in Busan through TOPSIS analysis, and the development of an optimal route search algorithm for the transportation handicapped that replaces the distance cost with safety in the finally modified A-STAR optimal route algorithm was completed.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2015

With the advances of the big-data process technology, acquiring the real-time information from the massive image data taken by a mobile device inside a vehicle will be possible in the near future. Among the information that can be found around the vehicle, the route information is needed for safe driving. In this study, the automatic extraction of route information from the road sign imagery was dealt with. The scope of the route information in this study included the route number, route type, and their relationship with the driving direction. For the recognition of the route number, the modified Tesseract OCR (Optical Character Recognition) engine was used after extracting the rectangular-road-sign area with the Freeman chain code tracing algorithm. The route types (expressway, highway, rural highway, and municipal road) are recognized using the proposed algorithms, which are acquired from colour space analysis. Those road signs provide information about the route number as well as the roads that may be encountered along the way. In this study, such information was called “OTW (on the way)” or “TTW (to the way)” which between the two should be indicated is determined using direction information. Finally, the route number is matched with the direction information. Experiments are carried out with the road sign imagery taken inside a car. As a result, route numbers, route number type, OTW or TTW are successfully recognized, however some errors occurred in the process of matching TTW number with the direction.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

Vehicle occupant exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) continues to be the subject of active research because of higher levels of VOCs in vehicles than in the surrounding ambient atmosphere and because of potential health risk. This study identified in-auto and in-bus exposures to 6 selected aromatic VOCs during rush-hour driving. A bus service route was selected to include an urban route (Taegu) and a suburban route (Hayang-Up) to satisfy the specified criteria of this study. The most abundant VOC concentration measured in this study was toluene. In-vehicle target Voc concentrations of the urban route were significantly different from those of the suburban segment. On the sum of average of the target VOCs, in-auto VOC concentration was about 1.5 times higher than in-bus VOC concentration. Based on the sum of average, in-automobile target VOC concentrations of this study were within the range of previous studies conducted in several cities of the United States, while in-bus VOC concentrations of this study were much lower than those of Taipei in Taiwan. In-vehicle VOC concentrations of present study significantly varied with sampling days, while they did not varied with driving period.