• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2013

Purpose: For patients with CNS injury who are restricted in the use of public transportation, car driving means more than simple movements and is essential for their independent lives, such as participation in society and returning to jobs. Therefore, in order to enhance the quality of life of disabled persons, their high perception and necessity of driving rehabilitation are required. The purpose of this study is to determine the perception and necessity of driver rehabilitation in patients with CNS injury. Methods: In order to survey the perception of patients with CNS injury and necessity of driving rehabilitation, questionnaires were distributed to patients with CNS injury. Questionnaires were composed of demographic characteristics, disability related characteristics, and driver's license related characteristics. Results: Our results showed that the number of driving participants with a driver's license for the disabled was significantly higher than that for non- driving participants with a previous general driver's license in the perception of driving rehabilitation. Conclusion: We suggest that driving rehabilitation for patients with CNS injury should be supported in terms of evaluation and treatment.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

본 조사는 휠체어를 사용하는 장애인이 차량을 탑승할 때 휠체어 수납에 대한 불편함을 파악하여, 향후 관련 제품 개발에 개념설계를 하고자 실시하였다. 연구는 수동휠체어를 사용하고 있으며, 자가 운전을 할 수 있는 장애인 50명을 대상으로 직접 면담하는 설문조사 방식으로 실시하였다. 그 결과 설문에 참여한 88%의 장애인이 차량에 휠체어를 수납할 수 있는 보조 장치의 개발이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 이러한 장치로써 차량 트렁크에서 로봇팔이 차량의 운전석 문까지 나와서 휠체어를 트렁크에 수납하는 방법을 가장 선호하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the EMG characteristics of driver's upper extremity and driving performance for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal by using left and right hand control devices during simulated driving. The people with disabilities in the lower limb have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of functional loss for manipulating brake and accelerator pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in people with lower limb impairments, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Six subjects were participated in this study to evaluate driving performance and muscle activities for operating brake and accelerator pedal by using two different hand controls (steering column mounted hand control and floor mounted hand control) in driving simulator. We measured EMG activities of six muscles (posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, triceps, biceps, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi radialis) during pushing and pulling movement with different hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 software was used for the performance test of different hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While pulling the hand control lever toward the driver, normalized EMG activities of middle deltoid, triceps and flexor carpi radialis in subjects with disabilities were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was also found that muscle responses of posterior deltoid were significantly increased (p < 0.05) when using the right hand control than left hand control. While pushing the hand control lever forward away from the driver, normalized EMG activities of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and extensor carpi radialis in subjects with disability were significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of middle deltoid, biceps and extensor carpi radialis were significantly increased when using the right hand control than left hand control. Brake reaction time and time to reach target speed in subjects with disability was increased by 12% and 11.3% on average compared to normal subjects. The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow acceleration at the straight lane course.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2020

Background: The working conditions of bus drivers are difficult; they lead to occupational diseases and require careful study, particularly in Ukraine. The objective of the article is the description of occupational health risks of passenger bus drivers that lead to deteriorating health. Methods: The risk assessment was performed using a modified Risk Score method, which allowed determining the generalized level of danger to the driver's health. The hygienic hazards level was assessed as based on Stevenson's law, which was generalized later. Results: Based on the modification of the Risk Score method, it was possible to depart from expert assessments method of the risk level and calculate the general indicator based on the degree of dependence of the impact on the human body on its intensity, proposed by V. Minko. This allows objective determining of the impact of hygiene hazards on the health of the driver and to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and partial or complete disability due to the accumulation of emotional fatigue. The hazard assessment was carried out for three brands of passenger buses common in Ukraine, in which the driver is exposed to the dangers of fever, vibration, noise, harmful impurities in the bus cabin, and emotional load. Conclusion: The health of drivers in the cabins of passenger buses is most affected by hygiene hazards: fever, vibration, and emotional stress. The generalized level of risk is calculated by the modified method of Risk Score is 0.83; -0.99, -0.92 respectively.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.288-294
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehensively examine middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Methods: A qualitative method was used, with focus group interviews. The participants were middle-aged male taxi drivers who had been driving for more than ten years and for more than six hours daily. Results: The data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. Middle-aged male taxi drivers' perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease were categorized into three main themes: "individual perceptions of cardiovascular disease", "possibility of behaviors for cardiovascular disease" and "motivations of behaviors for cardiovascular disease". Six sub-themes were extracted as follows: "perception of vulnerability", "perception of seriousness", "perception of profitability", "perception of disability", "self-awareness" and "advancing toward health care". Conclusion: It is necessary to invigorate support systems through measures including education, counseling, and web-based programs to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged male taxi drivers.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2017

The main purpose of this research was to examine the EMG characteristics of driver's upper limb and driving performance for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand control devices(Push/Pull, Push/Right angle, Push/Rock, Push/Twist) during simulated driving. The persons with disabilities in the lower extremity have problems in operation of the vehicle because of functional impairments for controlling accelerator and brake pedal. Therefore, if hand control device is used for adaptive driving controls in persons with lower extremity loss, the disabled people could improve their quality of mobility life by driving a car. Twenty subjects were involved in this research to assess driving performance and EMG activities for operating accelerator and brake pedal by using four types of left hand controls in driving simulator. We measured EMG responses of six muscles(posterior deltoid, middle deltoid, biceps, triceps, extensor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi radialis) during pulling and pushing movement with four types of left hand controls for acceleration and braking. STISim Drive 3 program was used for evaluation test of four types of left hand control devices in straight lane course for time to reach target speed and brake reaction time. While operating the four types of left hand controls for acceleration, EMG activities of posterior deltoid in normal subjects were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the disabled subjects. It was also found that EMG responses of triceps and posterior deltoid were significantly increased(p < 0.05) when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Pull type. While operating the four types of left hand controls for braking, EMG activities of flexor carpi radialis and triceps in subjects with disability were significantly increased(p < 0.05) compared to the normal subjects. It was shown that muscle responses of posterior deltoid, middle deltoid and triceps were significantly increased when using the Push/Right angle type than Push/Rock type. Time to reach target speed and brake reaction time in subjects with disability was increased by 2.5% and 4.6% on average compared to normal subjects. The person with disabilities showed a tendency to relatively slow performance in acceleration at the straight lane course.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 교통약자의 운행지원을 위하여 내비게이션 정보와 웨어러블 밴드를 융합한 진동 알림 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 내비게이션 시스템은 정상인을 기준으로 길 안내와 위치정보 제공에 초점이 맞춰져 있어 표준시력 및 자극의 인지 지연의 장애가 있는 교통약자에게는 안전 및 편 Stick PC의 애플리케이션으로 전송하고 변환된 신호를 웨어러블 밴드로 전달한다. 웨어러블 밴드 의성 저하로 인한 교통사고 유발의 위험성을 가진다. 제안하는 시스템은 내비게이션 운행 정보를 에 전달된 신호는 유형에 따라 좌회전, 우회전, 과속 및 이벤트 등의 구분된 진동 신호를 통하여 운전자의 운행가이드 정보로 제공된다. 구현된 시스템의 성능평가 결과, 메시지의 송수신은 안정적인 상태를 유지하였고 내비게이션 정보 수신에 따른 진동 신호의 반응속도는 평균 1.875ms로 유효한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 한국장애인고용공단 일자리 안정부 장애우를 대상으로 1개월간의 현장 적응 평가에서도 편리성, 오작동, 추가 및 개선 사항과 접근용이성 측면에서 평균 9.16점으로 매우 긍정적인 사용자 평가를 받았다. 향후 카메라와 차량의 센서를 추가하여 차량 접근이나 객체 인식 등에 대한 알림 기능을 추가하여 차량 내부와 외부의 안전에 대한 인식을 높이고, 시력 및 인지 지연 장애가 있는 운전자의 안전한 주행 환경을 구축하기 위한 연구를 계속할 계획이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.288-292
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• 2013

Objective : Vertebral distraction is routinely performed during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Overdistraction can injure the facet joints and may cause postoperative neck pain consequently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of distraction force during ACDF. Methods : This study included 24 consecutive patients with single level cervical disc disease undergoing single level ACDF. We measure the maximum torque just before the the arm of the Caspar retractor was suspended by the rachet mechanism by turning the lever on the movable arm using a torque meter. In order to turn the lever using the torque driver, we made a linear groove on the top of the lever. We compared the neck disability index (NDI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores between the high torque group (distraction force>6 $kgf{\cdot}cm$) and the low torque group (distraction force${\leq}6kgf{\cdot}cm$) at routine postoperative intervals of 1, 3, 5 days and 1, 3, 6 months. Results : The VAS scores for posterior neck pain had a linear correlation with torque at postoperative 1st and 3rd days ($y=0.99{\times}-1.1$, $r^2=0.82$; $y=0.77{\times}-0.63$, $r^2=0.73$, respectively). VAS scores for posterior neck pain were lower in the low torque group than in the high torque group on both 1 and 3 days postoperatively ($3.1{\pm}1.3$, $2.6{\pm}1.0$ compared with $6.0{\pm}0.6$, $4.9{\pm}0.8$, p<0.01). However, the difference in NDI scores was not statistically significant in all postoperative periods. Conclusion : Vertebral distraction may cause posterior neck pain in the immediate postoperative days. We recommend not to distract the intervertebral disc space excessively with a force of more than 6.0 $kgf{\cdot}cm$.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness and effectiveness-related factors of Korean medicine (KM) treatment for patients who have been involved in traffic accidents (TA). Methods: The medical records of 150 TA patients hospitalized in Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Medicine Hospital from September 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed. Medical records included information on patient demographic characteristics, TA situations, use of KM treatment, clinical characteristics, 4 scales [numeric rating scale (NRS), visual analogue scale (VAS), EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and neck disability index (NDI)]. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness-related factors of treatment. Results: The 150 patients (almost 1:1 gender ratio) were typically in their 40's (26.67%), had rear impact to their vehicle (37.33%), were in the driver's seat (70.00%), and without head trauma and loss of consciousness (83.33%). The main symptoms were neck pain (60.66%) and lower back pain (54.00%). All 150 patients showed significant improvement after KM treatment. 4 scales significantly improved when the treatment started within 3 days from the accident and patients were hospitalized longer and took more diverse treatments. The patients experiencing a higher initial pain level (NRS 8-10, $VAS{\geq}70$) showed significant improvement of NRS and VAS scores with faster and longer inpatient treatments than the other patients. The patients with higher initial pain levels ($VAS{\geq}70$) also showed significant improvement in EQ-VAS scores. Conclusion: KM treatment was effective for TA patients in this study. Treatment initiation time, hospitalization period, treatment diversity and initial pain level are related to the degree of improvement of a patient's symptoms.