• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2004

Pilot-scale experiments were performed for the treatment of bank filtrate contammg high manganese concentration around 2mg/L using rapid manganese sand filtration to investigate effects of oxidant dose and pH control on the removal efficiency of manganese. For theoretical dose ranges of oxidant (sodium hypochlorite) between 3 and 4mg/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was 0.57 mg/L, which corresponded to 72.5% removal and was higher than drinking water quality standards of 0.3mg/L. For excess dose ranges of oxidant between 4 and 8mg/L, the manganese concentration of effluent was reduced to 0.14mg/L, which corresponded to 94.5% removal, but the residual chlorine concentration was over 1.0mg/L. On the other hand, manganese removal efficiency drastically increased up to the value of 98.0%, which is equivalent to the effluent concentration of 0.03mg/L by controling pH to the range between 7 and 8 for the theoretical dose of oxidant. Consequently, these results indicated that appropriate dose of chemicals, such as oxidant and alkali, and continuous monitoring of manganese should be necessary to obtain efficient removal of manganese and to optimize the maintenance of treatment facilities for the treatment of bank filtrate with high concentration of manganese.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

Recently, significant contamination problems by residual chemicals have occasionally been occurred from major rivers and drinking water in Korea. Therefore, the management for use of them and risk assessment should be more strictly performed. In this study, we have analyzed trihalomethanes in treated water samples taken from water plants located in the region of four major rivers (i.e. Han river, Geum river, Youngsan river and Nakdong river) in Korea for eight years (1997～2004). From the data, we could assess the excess cancer risk by calculating the chronic daily intakes (CDI) multiplied by individual oral slope factors, Q₁＊, for the cancer suspected matters such as trihalomethanes, moreover the hazard index which is calculated by dividing the CDI by the acceptable daily reference dose (R/sub f/D) was determined for the risk assessment. As a result, in the case of 95 percentile excess cancer risk, it was shown that the excess cancer risk for dichlorobromomethane in the Nakdong river region is highest among the tested samples as 8.73 x 10/sup -6/. The 95 percentile total hazard index (the sum of individual hazard indices considering R/sub f/D), in addition, was below 1.0 for all samples, and therefore it was assessed that water samples taken from treatment plants of four major rivers are not harmful.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

The objective of this study it to evaluate the microbial safety in rapid sand filters adapted in most drinking water treatment plants. The potential pathogens to cause water quality problems Are presumed to be Giardia and Gryptosporidium. They look like particles in view of their size. It has been reported that if the number of particles (larger than 2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in water) is less than 100 per mL and its turbidity is below 0.1 NTU, it is considered as a safe water in terms of pathogens. In order to achieve such a good water quality. filter-aids (chemicals) were added to the inlet-channel of filter and their effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of water quality factors such as turbidity and particle counting. This study was conducted in she three steps of experiment: jar test. pilot plant test and real water treatment plant test (P plant in seoul). The experiment reult of the P water treatment showed that cationic polyamine was the most effective in the removal of particles and turbidity at the does of 0.25 mg/L. The turbidity without filer-aids showed in the range of 0.12 ~0.17 NTU during filtration and 0.14 NTU on the average. However. with addition of polyamine, the turbidity represented below(or less than) 0.1 NTU after 20 min in the start of filtration and kept 0.08 NTU on the average. On the other hand, as for number of particles, while no filter-aids led to the range of 111 ~270 per mL and 190 on the average, addition of polydmine led to 113 per mL on talc average, and kept below100 per mL after 20 min in the start of filtration.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2005

탄산칼슘 포화지수(LI: Langelier Index)는 탄산칼슘의 포화정도로서 수돗물의 부식성을 나타내며 수도관 부식방지를 위해 미국, 유럽, 일본 등은 수도법에 의해 관리되고 있지만 국내는 아직 도입되지 않았다. 본 연구는 LI의 국내 도입 타당성을 검토하기 위해 LI인자(5개항목: 수온, pH, 총알칼리도, 칼슘이온, 전기전도도)들을 측정하고 LI값을 산출하였다. 수온은 연간 $2.0{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, 연평균 $23.9^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 총알칼리도는 30 mg/L (as $CaCO_3$)로 나타났으며, 총알칼리도를 $HCO_3{^-}$ 농도 값으로 대체가능성을 검토한 결과 농도 차가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. LI값은 2.0~-0.5로 나타나 부식성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 수돗물 부식성을 감소시키기 위해 정수장에서 $Ca(OH)_2$, $CaCO_3$, NaOH, $NaHCO_3$ 등을 투입할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2020

하수처리장은 도시를 구성하는 사회기반시설물로 2017년 하수도 통계 기준 국내 하수도 보급률은 94%에 달하고 있다. 국내 하수처리장에서 PAC(Poly Aluminum Chloride)의 사용량이 58%를 차지하고 있으나 PAC의 경우 품질기준상 불순물(중금속) 함량이 높음에도 불구하고, 기준 강화나 기술적 품질개선이 제대로 이루어지지 않아 응집제 과다 주입 시 2차 오염문제가 대두되고 있다. 또한, 약품사용량이 증가함에 따라 2017년 기준 연간 하수슬러지 발생량과 슬러지 재이용의 필요성 또한 증대되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제를 이용한 수처리 시 혼합응집제 주입에 따른 중금속류에 대한 안정성을 평가하고, 하수슬러지의 침강성 및 하수슬러지 발열량 평가를 통해 슬러지 재이용의 가능성을 검증하고자 한다. 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제와 PAC(10%)의 중금속류(Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Pb, Ni) 분석 결과 Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg의 경우 검출되지 않았으며, Zn의 경우 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제에서 먹는물 수질기준에서 고시한 Zn의 농도가 3mg/L인 것에 비해 0.007 mg/L로 극소량만 검출되었다. Fe, Cu, As의 경우 PAC(10%)를 주입한 경우가 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제 보다 최대 2배 이상 검출되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 슬러지 침강성 분석 결과 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제가 기존 응집제인 PAC(10%)에 비해 최대 2배 빠르게 침강하는 것으로 반탄화목분 혼합응집제의 침강성이 PAC(10%)보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제를 주입하여 발생된 하수슬러지의 건조기준 저위발열량은 3,378 kcal/kg이며, PAC(10%) 응집제를 주입하여 발생된 하수슬러지의 건조기준 저위발열량은 3,171 kcal/kg으로 두 응집제 모두 화력발전소의 보조연료 구비조건을 만족하였으나, 본 연구에서 개발한 반탄화목분 천연재료 혼합응집제를 사용할 경우 기존의 응집제보다 200 kal/kg 정도 높은 슬러지 발열량을 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서, 반탄화목분 혼합응집제를 이용하여 수처리를 수행할 경우 기존의 응집제인 PAC(10%)보다 중금속류에 대해 안정적이며, 우수한 슬러지 침강성과 높은 발열량을 갖는 슬러지를 생성하여 환경적으로 안정적이며, 효율적인 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.