• Title/Summary/Keyword: Dried Layer

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Extractive Nitrogenous Constituents of Dried Layer, Porphyra dentata (잇바디돌김 건제품의 함질소 엑스성분 조성)

  • PARK Choon-Kyu;PARK Cheul-Hoon;PARK Jung-Nim
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.403-411
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    • 2001
  • In order to investigate the composition of dried layer, Porphyra dentata cultured at the south coast of Korea, the dried layer was analyzed for extractive nitrogen, free amino acids, combined amino acids, ATP and its related compounds and quaternary ammonium basis, The extractive nitrogen contents of dried laver extracts were 670-1,304 mg/100 g (on dry basis). From twenty-eight to twenty-nine kinds of free amino acids were found in the dried laver extracts and their total amounts were $2,796\~6,277\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The extracts were rich in free amino acids such as alanine, taurine, glutamic acid, glutamine and phosphoserine, From eighteen to twenty-one kinds of combined amino acids were found in the extracts and their total amounts were $1,406\~2,142\;mg/100\;g$ (on dry basis). The amounts of ATP and its related compounds were $65.7\~124,7\;mg/100\;g(2.13\sim3.68{\mu}mol/g$ on dry basis), Homarine was detected in all samples but $\beta$-alaninebetaine, $\gamma$-bufobetaine and trigonelline disappeared during processing. TMAO and TMA were detected in all samples. During processing of dried layer, free amino acids, TMAO and TMA were increased but the other constituents such as combined amino acids, ATP and its related compounds and betaines were decreased in all specimens.

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REWETTING EFFECT OF WATER-BASED PRIMER ON THE AIR-DRIED DENTIN (공기건조된 상아질에 대한 수분함유 primer의 재습윤효과)

  • Kim, Ki-Young;Park, Jeong-Kil;Hur, Bock
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.498-503
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    • 2003
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rewetting effect of water-based primer on the air-dried dentin. In this in vitro study, freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Freshly extracted non-caries human molars and three-step adhesive system(SBMP) were used. Flat occlusal dentin surface were prepared using low-speed diamond saw, Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1.(W): etched(35% phosphoric acid for 15s) and blot-dried, Group 2.(5D): 5s air-dried, Group 3.(30D): 30s ail-dried, To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, primer was mixed with rhodamine B and bonding resin was mixed with fluorescein. Microscopic sample of each group were obtained after longitudinal section. Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and thickness of hybrid layer measurement using CLSM were done. Microtensile bond strength for each specimen was measured. Specimen were observed under microscope to examine the failure patterns of interface between resin and dentin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The results(mean) of Thickness of hybrid layer were W:19.67, 5D:20.9, 30D:10$\mu\textrm{m}$. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 2. The results(mean) of Microtensile bond strength were W:16.02, 5D:14.69, 30D:11.14MPa. Only 30D had statistically significant differences to Wand 5D(P<0.05). 3. There were positive correlation between Thickness of hybrid layer and microtensile bond strength(P<0.05).

Effect of Heat Treatment in Dried Lavers and Modified Processing (마른김에 대한 열처리 효과와 제조 공정 개선 시험)

  • Lee, Tae-Seek;Lee, Hee-Jung;Byun, Han-Seok;Kim, Ji-Hoe;Park, Mi-Jung;Park, Hi-Yun;Jung, Kyoo-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.529-532
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    • 2000
  • To establish a food safety of dried layer, heat treatment effect on the bacterial density of dried layers was investigated. And a modified process developing experiment for dried layer products using closing type drying oven was carried out. tittle bacterial density difference on the dried layer products were found before and after heat treatment at $90^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs called Hwaip treatment having been used for long term storage. Direct or indirect heat treatment of dried lavers using gas burner and frying pan reduced about 1 to 3 log cycle of viable cell count from $10^8\;CFU/g\;to\;10^5\;CFU/g$. Heat treatment by direct surface contact type cooking machine being used in the market place for cooked dried layer products could reduce the viable cell count on the layer product from $2.2{\times}10^5{\~}5.2{\times}10^7\;CFU/g\;to\;7.0{\times}10^2{\~}5.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$, Ultraviolet irradiation (20 W, 30 cm) to one or both side of the dried laver products reduced the viable cell count from $2.2{\times}10^6\;CFU/g\;to\;8.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g\;and\;2.0{\times}10^5\;CFU/g$, respectively. The viable cell count of the dried layer products produced by modified process using a closing type dryer was about $10^3\;CFU/g$ and lower 3 log cycle than that in the products collected in market place and made by open type dryer.

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Fabrication of WC-17%Co Composite Powder for Thermal Spray by Spray-Drying Method and HVOF Thermal Spray Characteristics (분무건조법에 의한 용사용 WC-17%Co 복합분말제조 및 HVOF(High Velocity Oxy-Fuel) 용사특성)

  • 설동욱;김병희;임영우;정민석;서동수
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.101-108
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    • 1996
  • In this study, WC-l7wt% Co composite powder for thermal spray was fabricated by spray drying method. The agglomerated composite powder had spheroidal morphology and the particle size distribution was 20~60${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. WC and Co were distributed homogeneously. However, the strength of the spray-dried agglomerate was low due to the pores within the agglomerate. Therefore, the spray-dried agglomerate was broken down during HVOF thermal spray and the microstructure was inhomogeneous with many pores within the coating layer. And the decomposition of WC to W and $W_{6}$ $C_{2.54}$ was accelerated. The strength and flowability of the agglomerate were greatly improved by sintering heat treatment(110$0^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, hi atmosphere), and then the coating layer showed dense and homogeneous microstructure with well-developed splats. The hardness of the coating layer was H $v_{300}$ = 1072.2.2.

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Reological Studies on Cocoon Filament. 1. Tensile Properties of Filament by the Portion of Cocoon Layer (견사의 탄성적성질에 관한 연구 1. 견층부위별견사의 항장성)

  • 남중희
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 1972
  • The tensile properties of cocoon filament obtained from the dried cocoon were studied by deniroscope and tensilon with special attachments. The strength and dried elongation at break feint with dry and swollen samples were observed. The apparent young's modulus was also calculated with the dry samples. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The breaking strength of dry and swollen samples decreased in parallel with denier decreasing ratio in the whole length of a cocoon filament. 2) Tensile strength of inner-layer filament, when treated at the temperature of 95$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min., was 37 per cent of outer-layer filament. 3) By swelling treatment, the breaking strength of the filament was decreased but the elongation was increased. 4) Apparent young's modulus and tensile strength per denier of inner-layer filament were higher than those of the rest cocoon layer.

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Effects of Drying Methods on Anthocyanin Contents of Colored Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Boanchalbori

  • Song, Tae Hwa;Park, Tae Il;Han, Ouk Kyu;Yoon, Chang;Kang, Hyen Jung;Park, Kuang Geun
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.234-239
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    • 2013
  • This study investigated the effects of drying methods and drying time on the changes in anthocyanin content in colored barley. Colored barley cultivar Boanchalbori was harvested at a time when the anthocyanin content was the most and dried in afield. The harvested barley was then treated by two methods, sun drying and shade drying, for 4, 8, 24, and 32 h. The moisture content of the sun-dried barley decreased slightly faster than shade-dried samples, but the difference was not statistically significant. Chemical analysis indicated that the samples dried under shaded conditions had slightly higher crude fiber and lower nitrogen free extract, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in the total digestible nutrients between the two methods. In the case of sun-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased compared to the control and shade-dried samples after drying for 4 h (p < 0.05), was maintained at a constant level at 24 h, and then decreased at 32 h. In case of shade-dried barley, the anthocyanin content decreased gradually with the drying time, and a significant decrease was found at 24 h of drying (p<0.05) as compared to the control. The shade-dried method was more successful in reducing anthocyanin loss than the sun-dried method (p<0.05). There was a slight decrease in 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging with drying time in the shade-dried method, and a significant decrease after 4 h with the sun-dried method. These results showed that covering with a two-layer awning was advantageous to dry colored barley in the field conditions.

A Study on Physical Properties About Velvet Antler of the Elk(Cerus canadensis) (엘크 녹용의 물성 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Sung, S.H.;Han, J.H.;Kim, Y.M.;Kim, B.K.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.201-210
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    • 2007
  • In this study, physical properties of Elk antler was investigated to develop the optimum drying and packaging methods for improving the antler quality as well as deal with diversify of demand. After the antler was sliced with 5 mm thickness, and the compressive, shear, and tensile stresses were measured at the center and velvet parts of pre-dried and dried antlers after the contained water rate of the dried antlers was maintained below 10%. The results are as follows. 1. Considering the center of pre-dried antlers, the compressive stresses were $60.73\;g/mm^2$, $145.65\;g/mm^2$, and $260.97\;g/mm^2$, respectively at the upper, middle, and lower parts while $70.67\;g/mm^2$, $811.90\;g/mm^2$, $3,235.52\;g/mm^2$, respectively for velvet layer. Considering the center of dried antlers, the compressive stresses were $190.43\;g/mm^2$, $445.81\;g/mm^2$, and $705.86\;g/mm^2$, respectively at the upper, middle, and lower parts while $734.01\;g/mm^2$, $1,238.40\;g/mm^2$, $4,134.03\;g/mm^2$, respectively for velvet layer. 2. For the pre-dried, the shear stresses were $50.24\;g/mm^2$, $294.44\;g/mm^2$, and $423.47\;g/mm^2$, respectively, and $124.14\;g/mm^2$, $367.69\;g/mm^2$, and $425.86\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the dried antlers. 3. The tensile stresses were $13.59\;g/mm^2$, $62.85\;g/mm^2$, and $112.07\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the pre-dried and $77.24\;g/mm^2$, $175.87\;g/mm^2$, and $184.06\;g/mm^2$, respectively for the dried antlers. 4. In the case of drying antlers, the physical characteristics of the antlers was. changed such as moisture evaporation, contraction, and surface hardening. For the center part, the changes of the physical characteristics were more significant at the lower part while at the upper part for the velvet layer. 5. The stress changes of Elk antlers was shown very remarkably according to growth point. Moreover, the stress was clearly higher at velvet layer part to the center part, base parts compared to the upper parts.

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Theoretical Analysis on Heat Transfer Characteristics and Heat Flux Performance in Ondol Systems of Dried Type (건식온돌시스템의 전열특성 및 방열성능에 관한 이론적 분석)

  • Jang, Yong-Sung;Yu, Ki-Hyung;Cho, Dong-Woo
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.176-181
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    • 2007
  • This study aims to evaluate theoretically heat transfer characteristics and heat flux performance in ondol system of dried type is composed of panel of ceramics to improve of thermal conductivity and fin to expand heat. To this end, we analyzed effect of design factors(temperature of hot water, set temperature of room and thermal conductivity of finishing materials) in ondol system of dried type by heat transfer analysis. The main results of this study are summarized as follows; The deviation of heat flux and temperature was reduced by heat expansion from fin decreasing heat loss generated in air layer. The temperature and heat flux in upper finishing materials surface linearly increased according to temperature increment of hot water, but the temperature distribution in upper surface was assessed uneven. The greater heat resistance value of upper finishing materials, the deviation of maximum temperature and minimum temperature was decreased. Also, we suggested a basic design data about ondol system of dried type through an analysis of simulation results on heat transfer characteristics and heat flux performance.

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The developement of multi-layer sterilizer using Ultra Violet irradiation (자외선 조사를 이용한 다단계 컨베이어 자동 살균기 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Y.C.;Yoo, G.H.;Jung, Y.G.;Kim, H.S.;Jung, T.S.;Yun, B.S.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1999.07g
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    • pp.3060-3063
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    • 1999
  • We made a multi-layer conveyor sterilizing system using UV rays to prolong a storage period of dried marine products. The system is composed of 5 layer conveyor belt of 3 m long each, thus 15 m long in total. It is designed to radiate UV rays for 10 minutes the dried marine products, and can process 300 kg/hour. Eight UV lamps of 30 cm long and 15 W of power with 254 nm wave length are installed in parallel, 15 cm high above in each belt, and 40 lamps in total. The whole system is covered by 1 mm thick metal plates to block the UV rays except a front side which is covered with 5 mm thick plastic plates coated with UV protection film to survey inside of the system. A sterile ratio is about 99.97% with 10 minutes sterilization using this system.

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Effects of Corn Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles on Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibilities and Fecal Ammonia Emission in Laying Hens (옥수수주정박이 산란계의 생산성, 영양소이용율 및 분 암모니아 방출에 미치는 효과)

  • Shin, M.H.;Rew, H.J.;Lee, H.R.;Lee, S.K.;Lee, B.D.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2008
  • A layer feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of high quality corn distiller's dried grains with solubles(DDGS) on laying performance and nutrient metabolizabilities. A total of 216 Hy-line Brown layers, 23-wk of age, were employed in a 10-wk feeding trial consisting of three dietary treatments(0%, 10%, and 20% DDGS), and six replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared as iso-protein(17%) and iso-calorie(2,780 kcal/kg). At the end of the trial, the effect of DDGS on fecal ammonia emission was also estimated. The use of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets did not affect the feed intake, laying rate, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio(P>0.05). The DM metabolizability decreased significantly(P<0.05) by the DDGS supplementation(P<0.05). The NFE metabolizability decreased gradually as the level of DDGS increased(P<0.05). The fecal ammonia emission from DDGS-fed birds tended to decrease as the storage days extended. In conclusion, albeit DDGS has some unfavorable effects on DM and NFE metabolizabilities, it could be included in layer diets up to 20% level without any harmful effects on laying performance.

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