• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-84
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• 2014

This study examined the contents of 'Adolescent's Consumption Life' unit in 12 Technology Home Economics textbooks used in the 2009 revised curriculum to analyze the contents of school consumer education. The main summary of this study is as follows: First, the contents of consumer education in the unit of 'Adolescent's Consumption Life' consisted of five criteria including the understanding of adolescent consumer, consumer's right and responsibility, reasonable purchase, resolution to consumer problems, and the formation of new consumption culture. Second, significant differences were found in the contents of consumer education among textbooks because basic concepts have been not been clearly defined yet. Third, essential content was either omitted or hard to understand. Thus, some contents elaborations were inappropriate for students' level. Fourth, there were some limitations in drawing interest and attention from learners and developing dispute resolution competence, since the textbooks mainly comprised the theory-oriented contents of consumer education. Fifth, cautious consideration needs to be taken with regards to clear understanding of basic concepts and systematic and consistent contents composition for coherent and organized school consumer education. These research findings are anticipated to provide basic information of Technology Home Economics textbooks to teachers, and will be utilized as basic data in organizing textbook contents or developing efficient teaching-learning programs for consumer education.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.713-720
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• 2000

A polymer/iodine complex film was prepared using syndiotactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (s-PVA) with number-average degree of polymerization of 900 and syndiotactic diad content of 63.1%. In comparison with atactic-PVA/iodine films, degree of polarization of the s-PVA/iodine film was improved up to over 99% although a lower transmittance was obtained. By soaking in iodine/potassium iodide aqueous solution of a lower iodine concentration and subsequent drawing by 4 times, s-PVA/iodine film of a higher transmittance and degree of polarization was produced. The degree of iodine desorption of the s-PVA/iodine film in water were very low. The crystallinity and the d-spacing and crystal size of (100) plane increased at the early stage of soaking time, however, remained constant or decreased slightly with increasing soaking time. In consequence, s-PVA/iodine complex formation took place mainly inside crystal region at the initial stage of soaking time, whereas it occurred outside crystal region or physical adsorption of iodine dominated after sufficient soaking.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.54-68
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how elementary teachers perceive and practice using Visual Thinking (VT) in science classes. For this, we collected 161 VT teaching materials for science that uploaded on the elementary teacher's online communities, and analyzed the characteristics. Also we interviewed four elementary teachers who have used VT in science class. The results are as follows. First, VT teaching materials shared in teacher's online communities were most often used to review the science concepts that students learned. Most of the materials required 'remember' among the Cognitive Process, and most of them provided layouts for VT activities. Second, the participants were using VT materials to review the science concepts they learned, so that students remember them. Third, the participants were satisfied because of the beliefs of effects as follows: facilitating learning and reviewing what students had learned; increasing students' positive reactions and confidence; learning through the interation among learners; the formation of habits thinking visually; indirect experiences of science class; possibility of class corresponding to learner characteristics. Fourth, the participants had difficulties in preparing for the VT science class, such as the burden of making VT materials, the long preparation time, concerns over overlapping contents, consideration of learners' VT skills, and the themselves' drawing ability. Furthermore, they also had difficulties in proceeding for the class, like different preference among learners about Visualization and loss of objectives in science class using VT. Fifth, the participants needed support as follows: platform to share students' VT results; VT case books and teachers' guidebooks; physical environment.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.465-470
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• 2020

Complex materials are widely used in aviation industries where lightweighting is essential because they have lighter properties than metals. However, composite materials can cause defects such as internal void formation, poor adhesive mixing, and non-adhesive parts during the production process, and there is a risk of micro-cracking and interlayer separation due to low energy impact. Therefore, a structural damage test is essential. As a result, structural integrity monitoring using FBG is drawing attention. Compared to conventional electrical sensors, FBG has the advantage of being more corrosion-resistant and multiplexed without being affected by electrical noise. However, interloggers measuring FBG are expensive and have a large disadvantage because they are made on the premise of measuring large structures. In this paper, low-cost interloggers were designed for use in unmanned or small aircraft using optical switche, WDM filter, and LTFs, and compared to conventional high-priced interrogator.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.25-34
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• 2022

Today, further education of adults in the UK is one of the developing areas of continuing education. The Open University with distance learning, in the process of which innovative forms and methods based on computer and telecommunication technologies are used, is particularly successful in the organization of additional education of the adult population. The advantages of distance learning, multimedia - the latest information technologies, which provide the combination of graphic images, video, sound with the help of modern computer tools, are noted. The basic principles and forms underlying the technologies and forms of work with the elderly are defined. The international experience of implementing "Universities of the Third Age" is summarized. The most widespread approach in adult education in Great Britain is informational. The use of computer technologies motivates a new paradigm in educational methods and strategies, which requires new approaches, forms of learning, and innovative ways of delivering educational materials to adult learners. Information technologies have gained great popularity in such activities as distance learning, online learning, assistance in the education management system, development of programs and virtual textbooks in various subjects, online search for information for the educational process, computer testing of students' knowledge, creation of electronic libraries, formation of a single scientific electronic environment, publication of virtual magazines and newspapers on pedagogical topics, teleconferences, expansion of international cooperation in the field of Internet education. The information technology of synchronous distance learning "online" has gained considerable popularity in the educational process today. A promising direction is the use of multimedia technologies in educational activities to create a design of a virtual computer environment by decoding audiovisual information.

• Acta Via Serica
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2023

Traditional Kurdish weavings are among the world's most ancient living textile traditions. One of the largest regional ethnic and linguistic groups, Kurds have inhabited a significant part of Western Asia for millennia. Historically, Kurdish territories were crisscrossed by old and important trade routes, including the Silk Roads. This led to the formation of some of the most significant Kurdish artistic and cultural traditions, including textiles, which influenced and were influenced by those of other non-Kurdish ethnic groups from Caucasia to Central Asia and beyond. One example of Kurdish carpet traditions born in the eighteenth century at the cross-sections of Safavid (1501-1736) urban carpets workshops and centuries-old indigenous Kurdish tribal/rural weaves is senneh gelim or sojaee. A finely flatwoven carpet that was exchanged regionally and internationally as a diplomatic gift and a highly prized commodity. Although in decline, senneh gelims continue to be made by Kurdish women weavers in their original birthplace Sanandaj, the provincial capital of Iranian Kurdistan to date. This study adopts an inter-disciplinary approach to present an image of senneh gelim and women gelim weavers, tracing the developmental trajectories of the craft from the eighteenth century to the present time by drawing on extant art-historical and social scientific studies along with primary ethnographic data collected in Iranian Kurdistan (2018-2019). It investigates the craft tradition's historical origin, various aspects such as techniques, materials, aesthetics, functions, and meanings, and how these transformed over time. Additionally, the paper looks at the social contexts of production, focusing on women carpet weavers and how their socioeconomic and cultural situation has formed senneh carpet production in the past and present and the implications for long-term preservation.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.907-936
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• 2009

Quite arguably, W. E. B. Du Bois is the first figure in the history of black nationalism who engaged most persistently and systematically with the dominant ideology of racism and white supremacy. It is not too much to say that, by contending with the Eurocentric but taken-for-granted concept of the 'Negro' in the turn of the century, Du bois has laid the theoretical and ideological cornerstone of postcolonialism today. But his concept of race varied over time and was even contradictory in the same writings. The early Du Bois defined race as something historically made rather than biologically given and determined. Yet he didn't utterly deny the significance of physical traits and skin color in constructing racial identity. His notion of the 'Negro' was not unambiguous, either. While drawing on the 'soul' of 'black folk' to undermine the Eurocentric dichotomy of white/mind and black/body, Du Bois argued that there is some kind of 'spiritual' differences between whites and blacks, differences that are essentially inherent and hereditary in the 'Negro.' Such essentialist notion of race and the 'Negro' was on the wane in the later Du Bois, especially after his encounter with Marxism. He came to think of race merely as a discourse of racism that can be subverted and even appropriated for anti-racist practices. Following the Marxist assumption that 'the color line' is a class conflict on the international level, Du Bois contended that the 'Negro' is an outcome of slavery which is in turn a subsystem of Western capitalism. He also argued that, since the 'Negro' is not a biological essence but a sociocultural formation, the identity of the 'Negro' can and must be reconstructed according to historical change. For Du Bois, therefore, the resistance against colonialism and capitalism became a resistance against racism. This is why his Pan-African movement shifted its gear from the American program in the initial phase to a truly 'Afrocentric' and socialist one.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

Recently, with the miniaturization and high integration of semiconductor chips, the bump bridge phenomenon caused by fine pitches is drawing attention as a problem. Accordingly, Cu pillar bump, which can minimize the bump bridge phenomenon, is widely applied in the semiconductor package industry for fine pitch applications. When exposed to a high-temperature environment, the thickness of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the joint interface increases, and at the same time, Kirkendall void is formed and grown inside some IMC/Cu and IMC interfaces. Therefore, it is important to control the excessive growth of IMC and the formation and growth of Kirkendall voids because they weaken the mechanical reliability of the joints. Therefore, in this study, isothermal aging evaluation of Cu pillar bump joints with a CS (Cu+ Sn-1.8Ag Solder) structure was performed and the corresponding results was reported.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.87-100
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• 2024

Modern logistics significantly influences the globalization and internationalization processes. Logistics systems are becoming increasingly important in today's rapidly changing environment. On the other hand, the development of global economic integration, business globalization contributes to the creation and development of international logistics systems and global supply chains towards the international market. The aim of the article was to investigate the national logistics systems of developing countries in the context of their integration capabilities. The main methods used in this study are statistical analysis, index, graphical and analytical methods, methods for estimating structural dynamic shifts, comparisons. Commonly used methods of economic research, as well as statistical analysis and interstate comparisons, economic modelling (trend analysis to determine the forecast level of LPI for Ukraine), etc. were also involved. It is noted that the problem of development of logistics systems in developing countries was insufficiently covered in scientific research. The study suggests that the integration capabilities of national logistics systems are determined by the logistics performance of each country and the favourable logistics environment for integration transformations. This allowed analysing the state of the logistics systems of Poland, Bulgaria, India and Ukraine, and identifying the factors that determine it. The logistics environment of Poland, Bulgaria, India and Ukraine, as well as the factors of its formation are evaluated. The components of the logistic portrait of the country in the context of integration capabilities of the logistic system are offered. Trend analysis of LPI was carried out on the example of Ukraine, which showed positive trends in the logistics system and allowed drawing conclusions about increasing integration into international logistics channels based on its geopolitical location, improving the characteristics of the logistics environment, including customs regulation, and improving the efficiency of the national logistics system. Prospects for further research involve studies of the impact of pandemics, globalization, digitalization on logistics systems, including that of developing countries.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1189-1205
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand the types of teacher and student's concept on ray-tracing and spectrum in middle school. This study suggest key-concepts that is most important to "Light" unit in the seven grades: the ray-tracing and the spectrum. We examined the types of teacher and student's concept. We selected 10 teacher and 328 students who had learned by 10 teachers in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The problems were composed with the question item regarding all ray-tracing or the spectrum. From the analysis, it was found that the types of teacher and student's concept on ray-tracing and spectrum is different. The most of teacher and student didn't understand the basic principle of image formation. In case of context about formation of image by reflection and refraction, because they don't know ray-tracing, they do not try to find the position of the image by drawing two rays. Most of them used one ray comes from the one position of the object and indicated the position of image by memorized position. Also almost there was not a case which uses a ray tracing accurately. In the case of understanding color, they didn't understand the concept of color(or spectrum) and teachers represented to students the color phenomena without explanation of principles. In the result teachers and students would learn color science by rote.