• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Purpose : This retrospective investigation study aimed to determine the predictive validity of superficial surgical site infection assessment tools by measuring the risk score at the surgical site. Methods : This study included patients hospitalized to the general surgery department of a Hospital from January 2021 to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were age ≥19 years, general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, and hospital stay longer than 2 days. Patients who had undergone transplantation were excluded. Results : Tool validity results showed that tools including surgical time and operative procedure were more accurate than previously developed tools, with a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 71.4%, positive prediction of 12.3%, negative prediction of 97.8%, and area under the curve of 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.678~0.745). The tool's cut-off score was 15, and the risks of infection was increased by 6.14 times at or above this cut-off point. Preoperative hair removal period, surgical wound classification, surgery time, body temperature on the second day after surgery, drainage tube type, and suture type affected the risk of infection at the surgical site. Conclusion : The incidence of healthcare-associated infections has been declining in the past decade; however, surgical site infections still account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, early identification of high-risk groups for surgical site infection is crucial for reducing the incidence of surgical site infection using appropriate management.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.15-17
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• 2003

One of the most serious problems that the world is facing is the loss of biodiversity and habitats as a result of environmental degradation. There are several strategies to protect the habitats and biodiversity within a certain region such as establishing protected areas; monitoring the remaining forests and managing the landscape within limits have been employed. In this study, Predicted Habitat Distribution Model (simple spatial modeling) was developed using vegetation types, land use and land cover, DEM, slope, drainage, roads, human settlement areas and minimum habitat requirements of each species. Then, based on the checklist of presence and absence of each species, the final habitat maps for selected endangered species are generated. Integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) has proven a very effective tool to generate wildlife habitat maps at various levels. An effecting mapping could be performed based on satellite remote sensing and modeling biodiversity indicators in GIS.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.423-435
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• 2017

Settling Basins are one of the most important and popular methods for removal of suspended sediments irrigation and drainage networks or power canals taking off from an alluvial river and wastewater treatment plant. Improving the performance and so increasing sediment removal efficiency of settling basins by an alternative method is necessary. In the present work, the effect of baffle and its angle of attack with the flow (${\theta}$) on the sediment removal efficiency is investigated by conducting a series of experiments on a straight canal with 8 m length, 0.3 m width and 0.5 m height and 3 m length of basin equipped with an adjustable glass baffle. A numerical analysis has been carried out using ANSYS Fluent 3D software (a general purpose computational fluid dynamics simulation tool) for three Froude numbers from the experiments. The numerical and experimental results were found to match reasonably well.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.248-252
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• 1999

This study examined the effects of growth retardants and midsummer drainage on lodging-related characters in direct seeding rice culture on flooded paddy surfaces. Treatments included in this study were continuous flooding, two time midsummer drainages (TTD), and inabenfide or trinexapac-ethyl application after TTD. Culm length was reduced most by 11.4cm in trinexapac-ethyl treatment after TTD, followed by 4.1cm in inabenfide treatment after TTD compared to TTD treatment. A significant reduction in culm length occurred at the 3rd internode in inabenfide treatment applied at 40 days before heading (DBH), while trinexapac-ethyl application at 8 DBH reduced the 3rd>2nd>1st internode. The culm diameter of the 4th internode was increased by the application of trinexapac-ethyl following TTD compared to TTD treatment. Thickness of culm wall was significantly increased by trinexapac-ethyl but not by inabenfide applications. Lodging index was the highest in continuous flooding and the lowest in trinexapac-ethyl treatment after TTD. Subsequently, field lodging did not occur in plots treated by trinexapac-ethyl. Rice plants subjected to midsummer drainage or growth retardants showed higher ripened grain ratio and 1000-grain weight, resulting in higher rice yield. These results indicate that trinexapac-ethyl, which can be applied at the relatively later growth stage after proper judgement of lodging occurrence, could be a useful tool for reducing lodging in direct seeding rice culture on flooded paddy fields.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2005

Objective: The brain computed tomography(CT) is an important tool throughout the clinical course of chronic subdural hematoma(CSDH). In CT findings, the density of CSDH is different in each case. We analyze management options and results according to the density of CSDH. Methods: Seventy one patients with CSDH, who had been managed in our institute from August 2001 to December 2003, were reviewed retrospectively. The authors divided the patients into six groups according to the density of hematoma; Group A-hypodense rather than the brain parenchyma, group B-isodense, group C-hyperdense, group D-mixed with hypodense and hyperdense, group E-mixed with isodense and hypodense and group F-mixed with isodense and hypersdense. In each group, the operation method, the duration of the indwelling catheter and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The patients who showed mixed density were 39 and, those who showed single density were 32. All the patients underwent burr hole drainage for the primary choice. There was only two cases that needed additional craniotomy. The average duration of indwelling catheter was $5.40{\pm}1.91$ days. Statistically the duration was not different in each group(p-value<0.05, $x^2$ test). Three cases recurred, one in group C, another in group D, and the last in group E. It had no statistical significance due to low incidence of recurrence. Conclusion: We conclude that burr hole drainage is an acceptable primary treatment option for CSDH even though the density of hematoma is different in every single case.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.305-309
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• 2020

Breast cancer treatment-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a common comorbidity in breast cancer survivors. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to evaluate therapeutic response of patients with various medical conditions, it is not routinely used to evaluate lymphedema patients. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies on the use of MRI to evaluate therapy for BCRL. We hypothesized that MRI could provide information otherwise not possible through other examinations. On October 21, 2019, we conducted a systematic review on the PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases, without time frame or language limitations, to identify studies on the use of MRI to evaluate therapy for BCRL. We excluded studies that investigated other applications of MRI, such as lymphedema diagnosis and surgical planning. Of 63 potential articles identified with the search, three case series fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In total, 53 patients with BCRL were included and quantitatively evaluated with MRI before and after manual lymphatic drainage. Authors used MRI or MR lymphagiography to investigate factors such as lymphatic vessel cross-sectional area, tissue water relaxation time (T₂), and chemical exchange saturation transfer. The only study that compared MRI measurement with standard examinations reported that MRI added information to the therapy evaluation. MRI seems to be a promising tool for quantitative measurement of therapeutic response in patients with BCRL. However, the identified studies focused on only manual lymphatic drainage and were limited by the small numbers of patients. More studies are necessary to shed light on the topic.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.279-285
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• 1990

Simultaneous presence of ascites and pleural effusion has been documented in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, renal disease, Meigs' syndrome and in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Mechanisms proposed in the formation of pleural effusion in most of the above diseases are lymphatic drainage and diaphragmatic defect. But sometimes, hepatic hydrothoraxes in the absence of clinical ascites and pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary or cardiac disease are noted. It is not always possible to differentiate between pleural effusion caused by transdiaphragmatic migration of ascites and by other causes based soly on biochemical analysis. Authors performed radionuclide scintigraphy after intraperitoneal administration of $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ colloid in 23 patients with both ascites and pleural effusion in order to discriminate causative mechanisms responsible for pleural effusion. Scintigraphy demonstrated the transdiaphragmatic flow of fluid from the peritoneum to pleural cavities in 13 patients correctly. In contrast, in 5 patients with pleural effusion secondary to pulmonary, pleural and cardiac diseases, radiotracers fail to traverse the diaphragm and localize in the pleural space. Ascites draining to mediastinal lymph nodes and blocked passage of lymphatic drainage were also clarified, additionaly. Conclusively, radionuclide peritoneal scintigraphy is an accurate, rapid and easy diagnostic tool in patients with both ascites and pleural effusion. It enables the causes of pleural effusion to be elucidated, as well as providing valuable information required when determining the appropriate therapy.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.3 s.152
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• pp.189-198
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• 2005

This study showed that numerical simulation can be effectively used to analyze discharge capacity according to the form and arrangement of the lock gate of a tidal power plant. For the numerical simulation, FLOW-3D with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation as a governing equation was used. This study found that improvement of apron length and approach angle of guide wall of the lock gate causes differences in discharge capacity of $10\%$ or more. In addition, there was a difference of discharge capacity caused by the connecting structures of the drainage gate and hydraulic turbine structure and the side slope at the end of apron. This study also showed that hydraulic investigation to enhance a discharge capacity is needed when the lock gate is designed and that numerical model experiments can be a useful analysis tool to design the drainage structure, as well as the hydraulic model experiment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.47-57
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• 2021

Drought monitoring over paddy field area is an important role as the frequency and intensity of drought due to climate change increases. This study analyzed the applicability of drought monitoring on paddy crops using MODIS-based field surveys. As a satellite-based drought index using evapotranspiration for quantitative drought determination, ESI (Evaporative Stress Index), was applied and calculated through the ratio of MODIS- based actual and potential evapotranspiration. For the irrigated areas of Idong, Gosam, Geumgwang, and Madun reservoirs the availability of irrigation water supply, ponding depth, precipitation, paddy growth were investigated for the paddy field within one grid of MODIS. In addition, the percentile-based ESI drought severity was calculated to compare the growth process of paddy and changes in the drought category of ESI. The Idong area was irrigated about a week later than other reservoirs for the period of water supply, transplanting, and water drainage and the ESI drought category tended to be different. The Gosam, Geumgwang, and Madun area expressed moderate drought prior to the farming season, and indicated normal as the water was supplied. During the water drainage, the drought category intensified, indicating that the water available on land was decreasing. These results demonstrated that the MODIS-based ESI could be an effective tool for agricultural drought monitoring over paddy field area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.336-340
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to establish the decision criteria of land suitability for red pepper using soil morphological and physical properties. The investigation was carried out in Jechen, Goesan, Euiseong, Andong, Gochang and Pyongchang district in Korea. The obtained results showed that factors related to the decision criteria of the land suitability for red pepper cultivation were soil texture, soil drainage class, land slope, available soil depth and stone content. The criteria of the best suitable soil for red pepper was coarse loamy, well drainage class, C-slope (7-15%), 10-20% gravel content and available soil depth deeper than 100 cm. Also in the best suitable soil, hardpan was located below 100 cm from the soil surface. Outbreak rate of phytophthora blight occurred well in the soils with high clay content, poor drainage class, low land slope and low gravel content. Database determining the decision criteria of the land suitability for red pepper in Jinchen-gun was established by Arc info GIS tool.