• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.172-178
• /
• 2000

반도체 제조공정 중 플라즈마 반응기 내에서 입자오염을 유발하는 입자들의 거동과 성장을 모델식을 사용하여 이론적으로 고찰하였다. 플라즈마 반응기 내에서 입자 거동에 영향을 미치는 힘들로 유체 대류, 입자 확산 및 외부힘 (ion drag force, electrostatic force, 중력) 등을 고려하였다. 플라즈마 벌크 영역에서 전하를 가진 입자들간의 충돌에 의한 입자 성장을 고려하기 위해 모델식에 입자 전하 분포를 고려하였다. 대부분의 입자들은 ion drag force와 electrostatic force가 균형을 이루고 있는 두 sheath 경계 영역에 존재하였으며 두 sheath 영역과 벌크 플라즈마에서의 입자 농도는 0에 접근하였다. 시간이 지남에 따라 입자 충돌로 인한 입자들의 크기는 증가하였으며 입자가 성장함에 따라 입자 표면적의 증가와 더불어 입자가 가지는 평균 전하량도 증가하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2419-2421
• /
• 2008

Some of the scallops like Amesium balloti have an excellent level-swimming ability, i.e. they can swim about 20m by single level swimming with a maximum swimming velocity of about 1.6m/s in the sea. On the other hand, some species like Patinopecten yessoensis have longitudinal grooves on the upper and lower surfaces and others do not. Therefore, in the present study, we measure the lift and drag forces on a real scallop model (Patinopecten yessoensis) in a wind tunnel. Experiments are performed at the Reynolds number of 75,000 based on the maximum chord length, which is within the swimming condition of real scallop (Re = $30,000{\sim}300,000$). To see the effect of longitudinal grooves, we measure the aerodynamic forces on a scallop model by removing the grooves. With the grooves, the lift force increases at low angles of attack (${\alpha}<10^{\circ}$). The drag force increases slightly at all the attack angles considered. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by about 10% at ${\alpha}<10^{\circ}$.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.465-472
• /
• 2016

A study was carried out to investigate typical features of natural supercavitation generated behind axisymmetric bodies such as disk and cone shaped cavitators. Main focuses of the study were to observe formation process of the supercavity and to measure drag forces acting on cavitators. Experiments were carried out at the cavitation tunnel of the Chungnam National University (CNU-CT), which has a capability to make sufficient flow speed for supercavitation experiments and to remove broken cavity bubbles coming back to the test section. Blockage effects on supercavity dimensions were evaluated and an effort was made to correlate tunnel experiments with unbounded flow. On the basis of experimental and numerical results, geometrical features of supercavities and characteristics of drag forces were examined and their relations were proposed.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.906-919
• /
• 2015

The Deep Draft Semi-Submersible (DDS) concepts are known for their favourable vertical motion performance. However, the DDS may experience critical Vortex-Induced Motion (VIM) stemming from the fluctuating forces on the columns. In order to investigate the current-induced excitation forces of VIM, an experimental study of flow characteristics around four square-section cylinders in a square configuration is presented. A number of column spacing ratios and array attack angles were considered to investigate the parametric influences. The results comprise flow patterns, drag and lift forces, as well as Strouhal numbers. It is shown that both the drag and lift forces acting on the cylinders are slightly different between the various L/D values, and the fluctuating forces peak at L/D = 4.14. The lift force of downstream cylinders reaches its maximum at around ${\alpha}=15^{\circ}$. Furthermore, the flow around circular-section-cylinder arrays is also discussed in comparison with that of square cylinders.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2014

Modern design of long suspension bridges must satisfy at the same time spanning very long distances and limiting their response against several external loads, even if of high intensity. Structural Control, with the solutions it provides, can offer a reliable contribution to limit internal forces and deformations in structural elements when extreme events occur. This positive aspect is very interesting when the dimensions of the structure are large. Herein, an updated numerical model of an existing suspension bridge is developed in a commercial finite element work frame, starting from original data. This model is used to reevaluate an optimization procedure for a passive control strategy, already proven effective with a simplified model of the buffeting wind forces. Such optimization procedure, previously implemented with a quasi-steady model of the buffeting excitation, is here reevaluated adopting a more refined version of the wind-structure interaction forces in which wind actions are applied on the towers and the cables considering drag forces only. For the deck a more refined formulation, based on the use of indicial functions, is adopted to reflect coupling with the bridge orientation and motion. It is shown that there is no variation of the previously identified optimal passive configuration.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2003년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.132-138
• /
• 2003

대형 유조선 접이안시 발생하는 비정상 운동을 이해하기 위해서는 천수역에서 작용하는 유체력의 크기와 성질을 명학히 파악해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 수식선형인 wigley 선형을 대상으로 수심과 가속도에 따른 유체력 변화에 대해 CFD를 이용하여 직접 시간영역에서 수치 계산을 행하였다. 또한 계산 결과를 수조 실험결과와 비교하여 CFD의 타당성 및 유효성을 검증하였다. CFD의 계산 결과는 선박 접이안시 선체에 작용하는 유체력의 산출은 물론이고 선체 주위 물리적 현상이나 유장 등의 특징을 상세히 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 수심과 가속도를 변수로 행한 계산 결과를 바탕으로 최초 정지상태에서 등속운동까지의 과도 횡력을 선체 이동속도에 이동거리를 곱한 순환함수의 개념을 이용하여 모델화하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제33권12호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

타원형 실린더의 두께와 받음각 및 레이놀즈수가 실린더에 작용하는 항력과 양력에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 고찰하기 위해서 수치적 연구를 수행하였다. 타원형 실린더 주위를 흐르는 비정상 점성 유동을 해석하기 위하여 SIMPLER 기법을 이용한 2차원 비압축성 Navier-Stokes 유동 해석 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 두께-시위길이 비가 0.2, 0.4, 0.6인 타원형 실린더 형상에 대해서 레이놀즈수가 400, 600인 조건, 그리고 받음각이 10도, 20도, 30도인 조건하에서 유동을 해석하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 실린더 두께 비와 받음각 및 레이놀즈수가 항력과 양력 계수의 시간 평균값 및 진폭의 크기, 그리고 진동 주기에 크게 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.221-227
• /
• 2005

Aim of this study is to investigate an aerodynamic effect of a drag-reducing device on a heavy-duty truck. The vehicle experiences two different kinds of aerodynamic forces such as drag and uplifting force (or downward force) as it is traveling straight forward at constant speed. The drag force on a vehicle may cause an increase of the rate of fuel consumption and driving instability. The rolling resistance of the vehicle may be increased as result of the negative uplifting or downward force on the vehicle. A device named roof-fairing system has been applied to examine the reduction of aerodynamic drag force on a heavy-duty truck. As for a engineering design information, the drag-reducing system should be studied theoretically and experimentally for the best efficiency of the device. Four different types of roof-fairing model were considered in this study to investigate the aerodynamic effect on a model truck. The drag and downward force generated by vehicle has been obtained from numerical calculation conducted in this study. The forces produced on four fairing models considered in this study has been compared each other to evaluate the best fairing model in terms of aerodynamic performance. The result shows that the roof-fairing mounted truck has bigger negative uplifting or downward force than that of non-mounted truck in all speed ranges, and drag force on roof-fairing mounted truck has smaller than that of non-mounted truck. The drag coefficient $(C_D)$ of the roof-fairing mounted truck (Model-3) is reduced up to $41.3\%$ than that of non-mounted trucks (Model-1). A downward force generated by a roof-fairing mounted on a truck is linearly proportional to the rolling resistance force. Therefore, the negative lifting force on a heavy-duty truck is another important factor in aerodynamic design parameter and should be considered in the design of a drag-reducing device of a tractor-trailer. According to the numerical result obtained from present study, the drag force produced by the model-3 has the smallest of all in all speed ranges and has reasonable downward force. The smaller drag force on model-3 with 2/3h in height may results of smallest thickness of boundary layer generated on the topside of the container and the lowest intensity of turbulent kinetic energy occurs at the rear side of the container.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.397-401
• /
• 2014

신개념의 해상 교통 인프라인 부유식 해중철도의 합리적인 설계를 위해서는 파랑 중에 해중철도 구조체에 가해지는 유체력을 추정하여야 한다. 간편하지만 정확도 높은 유체력 추정을 위해 유체동력학 이론을 이용한 계산식을 제안하고, 수조에서 상사 모형에 대해 실험을 수행하여 비교 평가하였다. Morison식과 선형 미소진폭 파이론을 이용하여 계산된 관성력과 항력은 모형 실험 결과를 통해 계측된 유체력과 양호한 일치를 얻었다. 해중철도 구조체에 작용하는 항력은 관성력에 비해 무시할 만한 수준이었고, 파력은 파수에 따라 큰 변동을 보이지 않으나 파고에는 선형적으로 비례함을 알 수 있었다. 선형 파이론과 Morison식은 해중철도 설계 시에 간편하고 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2011

회류수조에서의 대각도 정적(static) 모형실험을 통해 Manta형 무인잠수체에 작용하는 동유체력을 측정하였으며, 동유체력에 미치는 Reynolds수의 영향을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 동유체력을 cross-flow drag과 양력(lift force)으로 성분 분석을 하였으며, 양력 성분에는 Reynolds수의 영향을 무시하고, cross-flow drag 성분에만 Reynolds수의 영향을 고려하였다. 그 후 이들 두 성분을 다시 합성함으로써 실물 무인잠수정에 작용하는 동유체력의 추정 기법을 제시하였다.