• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.588-595
• /
• 2007

The water transport inside a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) varied according to the anodic supply mode. The performance characteristics of a PEFC which can be affected by the water transport were observed with the anodic supply mode. In the flow-through and recirculation mode the performance showed no reduction with time because the flow in the anode was not stagnated. In the dead-end mode, without any discharged gas, the water remains inside of the anode, which caused the reduction of the performance with the lapse of time. However, even in the dead-end mode, little reduction of the performance with time was shown when only the anode was humidified externally. It means that the back-diffusion was the major factor to the accumulation of water in the anode rather than external humidification.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2010

차 대 보행자 교통사고는 다른 유형의 사고에 비해 피해가 매우 크고 사고의 비중도 높으나 사고의 특성 상 과학적 접근이 어렵다. 기존 보행자 사고에 관한 연구의 대부분은 차 대 보행자의 충돌 실험에 대한 실험식 도출에 집중되어 있고, 실험식에서 중요한 변수로 작용되는 인체 활주 마찰 계수에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 인체와 노면간의 마찰계수에 대한 현장실험을 실시하여 이에 대한 실험값을 측정하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 인체노면 마찰계수 값은 건조한 아스팔트 도로에서 0.59~0.62, 건조한 콘크리트 도로는 0.59~0.61로 측정되었다. 또한, 젖은 아스팔트와 콘크리트 도로에서는 각각 0.56~0.59, 0.51~0.54로 나타나 건조한 노면 상태와 비교하여 5.0%와 8.3% 감소하는 것으로 파악되었다. 도출된 마찰계수를 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용하여 검증한 바, 실험 수치와 시뮬레이션 결과가 유사함을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과를 활용하여 국내 교통사고 조사 시 사용되는 인체 마찰계수의 적용 값의 범위를 축소할 수 있고, 이는 사고 조사의 정확성 향상에 큰 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.579-601
• /
• 2013

Interference effects are of considerable concern for group hyperboloidal cooling towers, but evaluation methods and results are different from each other because of the insufficient understanding on the structure behavior. Therefore, the mechanical performance of hyperboloidal cooling tower shell under wind loads was illustrated according to some basic properties drawn from horizontal rings and cantilever beams. The hyperboloidal cooling tower shell can be regarded as the coupling of horizontal rings and meridian cantilever beams, and this perception is beneficial for understanding the mechanical performance under wind loads. Afterwards, the mean external latitude wind pressure distribution, CP(${\theta}$), was artificially adjusted to pursue the relationship between different CP(${\theta}$) and wind-induced responses. It was found that the maximum responses in hyperboloidal cooling tower shell are primarily dominated by the non-uniformity of CP(${\theta}$) but not the local pressure amplitude CP or overall resistance/drag coefficient CD. In all the internal forces, the maximum amplitude of meridian axial tension shows remarkable sensitivity to the variation of CP(${\theta}$) and it's also the controlling force in structure design, so it was selected as an indicator to evaluate the influence of CP(${\theta}$) on responses. Based on its sensitivity to different adjustment parameters of CP(${\theta}$), an comprehensive response influence factor, RIF, was deduced to assess the meridian axial tension for arbitrary CP(${\theta}$).

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.446-455
• /
• 2017

The improvement of resistance performance for the 4.99 ton class fishing boats was shown. The 4.99 ton fishing boats are the most commonly used one in the Korean coastal region. The evaluation of resistance performance was estimated by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The CFD simulation was performed by the validation for various types of bow shapes on the hull. The optimized hull form from the simulation was selected and showed the best resistance performance. This hull type was tested on the towing tank in the National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS). The effective horsepower (EHP) was estimated by the resistance test on the towing tank with the bare hull condition. The drag force on the three service speed conditions was obtained for the resistance analysis to power prediction. The measured drag forces are compared with the results from the CFD simulation with one another. As results of the model tests, it was confirmed that the shape of the bow is an important factor in the resistance performance. The effective horsepower decreased about 30% in comparison with the conventional hull form. Also, the resistance performance improved the reduction of required horsepower, which especially contributed to the energy-saving for the fisheries industry. In the CFD analysis, the resistance performance improved slightly. In this case, the ratio of the residual resistance ($C_R$) in the total resistance ($C_T$) was high. Therefore, the CFD analysis was not enough to satisfy with reflection for the free surface and wave form in the CFD procedure. Both model test and CFD calculation in this study can be applied to the initial design process for the coastal fishing vessel.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.514-519
• /
• 2000

우리형 그물에 작용하는 유수저항을 그 도면으로부터 정확하게 계산하기 위하여 그물실을 원형 실린더로 단순화하여 실린더를 통과한 흐름의 속도 감소에 대한 수치 해석 결과와 상자 구조의 모형 우리 그물에 대한 수리 모형실험을 행하여 저항계수 및 그물감을 통과기 전과 후의 속도 감소비에 대한 관계를 검토하였으며, 속도 감소비를 고려하여 흐름에 의한 그물의 변형 유무에 따른 모형 우리 그물에 작용하는 유수저항을 측정하였다. 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 그물감을 통과하기 전의 유속 U와 통과한 후의 유속 u의 비인 속도 감소비와 그물감의 $S_n/S$ 값과의 관계는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 나일론 랏쉘 그물감의 경우: $$\frac{u}{U}=1-1.54(\frac{S_n}{S})^(1.47)$$ 나일론 막매듭 그물감의 경우: $$\frac{u}{U}=1-0.97(\frac{S_n}{S})^(1.24)$$ 2. 변형을 고려하지 않는 그물의 경우는 후류의 영향을 고려하여 각각의 그물감에 작용하는 유수저항을 독립적으로 계산하고 그들을 합산하여 전체 저항으로 채택해도 된다는 것을 확인하였다. 3. 흐름에 의한 변형이 있는 그물의 경우는 유수저항 R이 유속 U의 제곱에 비례하지 않고 $R={\kappa}U^(1.76{\~}1.83)$으로 나타났다. 4. 유속이 1 m/s인 때의 A, B 및 C 그물의 유수저항은 그들에 생긴 변형으로 인해 변형이 없는 경우의 저항에 비해 각각 $63{\%}, 71.2{\%}$ 및 $73.2{\%}$로 나타났다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제23권12호
• /
• pp.805-814
• /
• 2011

In the present study, the detailed flow structure and heat transfer characteristics in the newly-designed heat transfer surface geometry were investigated. The surface geometry proposed in the present study is a traditional dimple structure combining with a protrusion inside the dimple, which is named a protrusion-in-dimple in this study. The basic idea underlying the present surface geometry is to enhance the flow mixing and the corresponding heat transfer in the flow re-circulating region generated by a conventional dimple cavity. The present study was performed by the direct numerical simulation at a Reynolds number of 2800 based on mean velocity and channel height and Prandtl number of 0.71. Three different protrusion heights for protrusion-in-dimples were considered as the main design parameter of the present study. The calculated pressure drop and heat transfer capacity were assessed in terms of the Fanning friction factor and Colburn j factor. The overall performances estimated in terms of the volume and area goodness factor for protrusion-in-dimple cases were higher than the conventional dimple case.