• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to numerically evaluate the collection performance of an ultra-small Lapple cyclone separator for 1~10 ㎛ particles introduced at flow rate of 10 L/min. The numerical evaluation reveals that a static pressure drop occurs more dominantly inside of the cyclone separator than at the inlet and the vortex finder. Also a fluid flow in the cyclone separator is confirmed to have a helical structure heading upward in the center of cyclone separator and downward in the vicinity of wall. The investigation on dust collection efficiency of the Lapple cyclone separator shows that particles of 4~8 ㎛ diameters are collected at very lower efficiency than other sizes. Then, the cut-point diameter of the cyclone separator is 1.48 ㎛.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.37.2-37.2
• /
• 2011

Our previous study on tiny pores (R < 2") observed by HINODE/Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) revealed that the plasma in the pores at the photosphere is always moving down and the pores are surrounded by the strong downward motions (highly red-shifted) of neighboring granulations. From this study, we speculated that the flow motions above the pore should be related with the motions at the photosphere, since the pore is strong magnetic field region. Meanwhile, SNU and KASI installed Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) in the Cude room of the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. FISS is a unique system that can do imaging of H-alpha and Ca II 8542 band simultaneously, which is quite suitable for studying of dynamics of chromosphere. To get some clue on the relationship between the photospheric and low-chromospheric motions at the pore region, we took a coordinate observation with NST/FISS and Hinode/SOT for new emerging active region (AR11117) on October 26, 2010. In the observed region, we could find two tiny pores and two small magnetic islands (SMIs), which have similar magnetic flux with the pores but does not look dark. Magnetic flux density and Doppler velocities at the photosphere are estimated by applying the center-of-gravity (COG) method to the HINODE/spectropolarimeter (SP) data. The line-of-sight motions above the photosphere are determined by adopting the bisector method to the wing spectra of Ha and CaII 8542 lines. As results, we found the followings. (1) There are upflow motion on the pores and downflow motion on the SMIs. (2) Towards the CaII 8542 line center, upflow motion decrease and turn to downward motion in pores, while the speed of down flow motion increases in the SMIs. (3) There is oscillating motion above pores and the SMIs, and this motion keep its pattern along the height. (4) As height increase, there is a general tendency of the speed shift to downward on pores and the SMIs. This is more clearly seen on the other regions of stronger magnetic field. In this talk, we will present preliminary understanding of the coupling of pore dynamics between the photosphere and the low-chromosphere.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.77-90
• /
• 1995

An effective heat transfer during freezing process was proposed in the vertical cylinder to improve the effectiveness of the heat storage. Vertical cylinder was filled with pure water in order to investigate ice-shape, temperature distribution of the liquid, temperature distribution of the cylinder tube wall, total heat storage per unit mass in the test section under the two experimental conditions; inlet temperature of working fluid is constant($-10^{\circ}C$) and inlet direction of working fluid is either upward flow or downward. Both the mean temperature of the liquid and temperature difference of cylinder tube wall in the upward were lower than those in the downward. In case that the initial temperature of water was $7^{\circ}C$ and $4^{\circ}C$, the shape of ice layer in the upward was more uniform than that in the downward. In case of $1^{\circ}C$, the shape of ice layer is formed by inlet direction of working fluid. Finally, time-varying total heat energy stored in the water in the upward was higher than that in the downward.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.291-301
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of flow and bed topography with changing bed material in a 180-degree, with constant-radius curved experimental channel. Sand($D_{50}$ = 0.56 mm, s = 2.65) and anthracite($D_{50}$ = 0.26 mm, s = 1.54) were selected as bed materials. The maximum scour depth was found to be about two times for the mean flow depth at the outer bank of bend angle $30^{\circ}~60^{\circ}$, and in case of anthracite, it was found upper part of bend angle $5^{\circ}~15^{\circ}$ than that of sand. Regardless of bed materials the path of maximum streamwise velocity is skewed inwards in the upper part of the bend, the maximum velocity shifts outwards, and it lagged downward as bed roughness increases. The maximum skewed angle of flow grows faster in the smooth bottom than in the rough one, and its value also increases. The secondary flow in anthracite bottom was measured larger than that of sand one, and two cells of secondary flow was found in this experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.1889-1893
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 완경사 계단형 낙차공에서 하류수심 변화에 따른 도수 형태의 변화와 WTF 흐름 특성에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 일정한 유량에서 하류수위를 증가시키면 도수 형태가 달라지는데 특히 계단 끝단에서 완전도수, 잠김도수(B점프), downward curved jet, upward curved jet, wave type flow(WTF)가 차례로 나타났다. 잠김도수에서는 표면 롤러 현상이 관찰되었고 curved jet에서는 큰 유속 감세 없이 파가 하류까지 전달되었다. WTF에서는 사류흐름이 바닥 recirculation 구역의 영향으로 변형되면서 wave 형태의 도수를 발생시켰다. 하류수위를 점점 증가 시키면 도수의 발생 위치가 계단 위쪽으로 이동하며 잠김도수와 WTF가 번갈아가며 발생하였다. 하류수위가 높아질수록 도수의 규모는 작아졌으며 표면 롤러도 미약해지는 경향을 보였다. 세 가지 유량조건에 따른 WTF의 규모를 비교한 결과 유량이 증가할수록 WTF의 크기가 증가하였으며 무차원화한 WTF의 형상은 거의 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 계단형 낙차공은 기존낙차공에서 발생하는 도수와 달리 WTF가 발생되므로 이에 대한 분석이 필요하다. WTF가 발생하는 구간의 수위는 하류수위보다 높아지기 때문에 하천 설계 시 하천 접합부의 조건(구수부지설치, 제방설치 등)에 따라 wave의 높이가 설계의 중요 인자로 고려되어야 할 것이다. WTF는 지금까지의 계단형 낙차공 설계 시 고려되지 못한 부분으로서 차후에 계단형 구조물 또는 계단식 변형 구조물 설계 시 주요 자료로 활용 될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.565-568
• /
• 2002

In the flow analysis around a bluffbody such as road vehicles, drag reduction has been of the primary concern mainly due to the effect on fuel economy. To reduce the drag, which is mostly due to the pressure difference caused by the flow separation, the location of the separation and eddy sizes are controlled. However, less attention has been given to the effect of the lift. The effect of lift may cause the driving stability problem of the vehicle at high speed white heavy downward effect of lift together with the vehicle weight may require more power to drive the vehicle forward. It is considered worthwhile to pursue the optimal design of the low drag tail shape of the MIRA model while taking the lift effect into account, even though it is considered as a reference. To this end, a commercial multi-objective optimization code, FRONTIER, Is used together with the CFD code, STAR-CD. It is hoped that the results will provide more insight into the flow field around the bluffbody as transportation means.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.150-160
• /
• 2000

Turbulent natural convective flow and heat transfer in a square enclosure with horizontal partition are investigated numerically. The enclosure is composed of a lower hot and a upper cold horizontal walls and adiabatic vertical walls. Partitions carried with the upward, downward, and both control plates are attached perpendicularly to the one of the vertical insulated walls, respectively. The low Reynolds number $k-\varepsilon$ model is adopted to calculate the turbulent thermal convection. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations have been carried out by varying the length of partition, the position of control plates, and the Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height for water(Pr=4.95). When the control plates are attached at the edge of partition, the stability of oscillating flow grows wrose with the increase of Rayleigh number and the partition length. The heat transfer rate has been reducer than that of no control plate due to the restraint of control plates with the increase of Rayleigh number.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.508-516
• /
• 1989

The objective of this study is to investigate on the pulsating combustion of a granular coal in a Rijke type pulse combustor. The combustor is made of a 120cm long pipe with a honeycomb as a fire grate in the lower half. A fixed amount of coal is laid on the honeycomb and burned downward after ignition by using propane gas. Then the combustion driven acoustic oscillation occurs and makes the combustion pulsate with a very high amplitude. The effect of the pulsation and the air flow rate on the combustion characteristics is examined in comparison with the normal combustion. The non-pulsating combustion is made possible by placing absorbing material under the honeycomb. The combustion phenomena are observed visually, the burning time is measured in order to evaluate the combustion rate, and the variation of the gas temperatures is recorded. It is found that the fuel particle is greatly agitated like boiling by the flow pulsation and the burning-down velocity is so fast that the fuel is burned almost simultaneously. The combustion rate can be increased as twice as that of non-pulsating combustion with increase of the air flow rate. And the combustion becomes clean with less soot deposit and emission.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2018.10a
• /
• pp.430-433
• /
• 2018

This paper proposes the Kalman filter (KF) with optical flow method to estimate the position and the velocity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the absence of global positioning system (GPS). A downward-looking camera, a gyroscope and an ultrasonic sensor are fused to compensate the measurement from optical-flow method. To overcome the problem of dealing with noise in onboard sensors, the KF is incorporated to efficiently predict the velocity and estimate the position. Basic mechanisms of optical flow and the KF are introduced and experiments are conducted to show how the techniques involved improve the estimations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.554-564
• /
• 2022

The natural circulation phenomena occurring in fully integrated nuclear reactors are associated with a unique formation mechanism. The phenomenon results from a structural feature of these reactors involving upward flow from the core, located in the central-bottom region of a single vessel, and downward flow to the steam generator in the annulus region. In this study, to understand the natural circulation in a single vessel involving a multi-layered flow path, single-phase and two-phase natural circulation tests were performed using the SMART-ITL facility, and validation analysis of the TASS/SMR-S code was performed by comparing the corresponding test results. Three single-phase natural circulation tests were sequentially conducted at 15%, 10%, and 5% of full-scaled core-power without RCP operation, following which a two-phase natural circulation test was successively conducted with an artificial discharge of coolant inventory. The simulation capability of the TASS/SMR-S code with respect to the natural circulation phenomena was validated against the test results, and somewhat conservative but reasonably comparative results in terms of overall thermalhydraulic behavior were shown.